Austerity's Ascendancy: Unraveling The Reign Of Emperor Francis I

The title of Emperor of Austria was created for Francis II and his successors as heads of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine in 1804. Francis II was also Holy Roman Emperor Francis II and carried two imperial titles for two years.

Characteristics	Values
The Austrian emperors had an extensive list of titles and claims that reflected the geographic expanse and diversity of the lands ruled by the Austrian Habsburgs.	Emperor of Austria, Apostolic King of Hungary, King of Bohemia, of Dalmatia, of Croatia, of Slavonia, of Galicia, of Lodomeria, and of Illyria, King of Jerusalem, and so forth, Archduke of Austria, Grand Duke of Tuscany and of Cracow, Duke of Lorraine, of Salzburg, of Styria, of Carinthia, of Carniola and of the Bukovina, Grand Prince of Transylvania, Margrave in Moravia, Duke of Upper and Lower Silesia, of Modena, Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla, of Auschwitz and Zator, of Teschen, Friuli, Ragusa and Zara, Princely Count of Habsburg and Tyrol, of Kyburg, Gorizia and Gradisca, Prince of Trent and Brixen, Margrave of Upper and Lower Lusatia and in Istria, Count of Hohenems, Feldkirch, Bregenz, Sonnenberg, and so forth, Lord of Trieste, of Cattaro and of the Windic March, Grand Voivode of the Voivodship of Serbia, and so forth, Sovereign of the Order of the Golden Fleece.
The grand title of the emperor of Austria had been changed several times	By a patent of 1 August 1804, by a court office decree from 22 August 1836, by an Imperial court ministry decree of 6 January 1867 and finally by a letter of 12 December 1867.
Francis II/I on 6 August 1806 declared the Reich dissolved and to lay down the Imperial Crown created in the second half of the 10th century	Today displayed at the Treasury of Hofburg Palace in Vienna.
Francis II feared for the future of the Holy Roman Empire and wished to maintain his and his family's imperial status in case the Holy Roman Empire should be dissolved.	Napoleon I had been proclaimed Emperor of the French (French: Empereur des Français), by the Constitution of the Year XII on 18 May 1804.
Francis II created the new title of "Emperor of Austria" for himself and his successors as heads of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine.	For two years, Francis carried two imperial titles: being Holy Roman Emperor Francis II and "by the Grace of God" (Von Gottes Gnaden) Emperor Francis I of Austria.

What You'll Learn

Napoleon's threat to the Holy Roman Empire led Francis II to claim the title
Francis II created the title for himself and his successors
Austerlitz defeat led to dissolution of the Reich
Francis I carried two titles for two years
Extensive titles reflect the geographic expanse of the lands ruled by the Austrian Habsburgs

Napoleon's threat to the Holy Roman Empire led Francis II to claim the title

In 1804, Napoleon I had been proclaimed Emperor of the French by the Constitution of the Year XII on 18 May. Facing aggression from Napoleon, Francis II feared for the future of the Holy Roman Empire and wished to maintain his and his family's imperial status.

On 11 August 1804, Francis II created the new title of "Emperor of Austria" for himself and his successors as heads of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. For two years, Francis carried two imperial titles: being Holy Roman Emperor Francis II and "by the Grace of God" (Von Gottes Gnaden) Emperor Francis I of Austria.

In 1805, an Austrian-led army suffered a humiliating defeat at the Battle of Austerlitz and the victorious Napoleon proceeded to dismantle the old Reich by motivating or pressuring several German princes to enter the separate Confederation of the Rhine with their lands in July. This led Francis II to declare the Reich dissolved and to lay down the Imperial Crown created in the second half of the 10th century (today displayed at the Treasury of Hofburg Palace in Vienna).

From 1806 onwards, Francis was Emperor of Austria only. The grand title of the emperor of Austria had been changed several times by a court office decree from 22 August 1836, by an Imperial court ministry decree of 6 January 1867 and finally by a letter of 12 December 1867.

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Francis II created the title for himself and his successors

Francis II was the Holy Roman Emperor and created the new title of "Emperor of Austria" for himself and his successors as heads of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. For two years, Francis carried two imperial titles: being Holy Roman Emperor Francis II and "by the Grace of God" (Von Gottes Gnaden) Emperor Francis I of Austria.

The Austrian emperors had an extensive list of titles and claims that reflected the geographic expanse and diversity of the lands ruled by the Austrian Habsburgs. The grand title of the emperor of Austria had been changed several times: by a patent of 1 August 1804, by a court office decree from 22 August 1836, by an Imperial court ministry decree of 6 January 1867 and finally by a letter of 12 December 1867.

Shorter versions were recommended for official documents and international treaties: "Emperor of Austria, King of Bohemia etc. and Apostolic King of Hungary", "Emperor of Austria and Apostolic King of Hungary", "His Majesty the Emperor and King" and "His Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty".

In these cases the word Austria means the composite monarchy ruled by the dynasty, not the country. A special case was Maria Theresa; she bore the imperial title as the consort of Francis I (r. 1745–1765), but she herself was the monarch of the Austrian hereditary lands including Bohemia and Hungary.

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Austerlitz defeat led to dissolution of the Reich

The Battle of Austerlitz in 1805 was a defeat for the Austrian-led army and a humiliating one at that. The victorious Napoleon then dismantled the old Reich by motivating or pressuring several German princes to enter the separate Confederation of the Rhine with their lands in July. This led Francis II to declare the Reich dissolved and to lay down the Imperial Crown created in the second half of the 10th century (today displayed at the Treasury of Hofburg Palace in Vienna). From 1806 onwards, Francis was Emperor of Austria only.

The defeat at Austerlitz was a crushing blow to the Holy Roman Empire and Francis II, who feared for the future of the Empire and wished to maintain his and his family's imperial status. The Reich was only a powerless confederation at the time, but Napoleon's victory still had a significant impact on the political landscape of Europe.

The dissolution of the Reich was a direct result of Napoleon's victory at Austerlitz. Francis II was forced to abandon his title as Holy Roman Emperor and assume the title of Emperor of Austria instead. This shift in titles reflected the changing political dynamics in Europe and the loss of power of the Holy Roman Empire.

The defeat at Austerlitz also had a long-lasting impact on the geopolitical landscape of Europe. It led to the formation of the Confederation of the Rhine, which was a major step in the process of German unification. The dissolution of the Reich also marked the end of the Holy Roman Empire as a significant political entity in Europe.

The defeat at Austerlitz was a crucial turning point in the history of the Holy Roman Empire and Austria. It highlighted the limitations of the Empire and led to a shift in the political landscape of Europe. The dissolution of the Reich was a direct result of Napoleon's victory and marked the end of an era in the history of the Holy Roman Empire.

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Francis I carried two titles for two years

In 1804, Francis created the new title of "Emperor of Austria" for himself and his successors as heads of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine.

For two years, Francis carried two imperial titles: being Holy Roman Emperor Francis II and "by the Grace of God" (Von Gottes Gnaden) Emperor Francis I of Austria.

The grand title of the emperor of Austria had been changed several times: by a patent of 1 August 1804, by a court office decree from 22 August 1836, by an Imperial court ministry decree of 6 January 1867 and finally by a letter of 12 December 1867.

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Extensive titles reflect the geographic expanse of the lands ruled by the Austrian Habsburgs

The extensive titles of the Austrian emperors reflected the geographic expanse and diversity of the lands ruled by the Austrian Habsburgs. The grand title of the emperor of Austria had been changed several times: by a patent of 1 August 1804, by a court office decree from 22 August 1836, by an Imperial court ministry decree of 6 January 1867 and finally by a letter of 12 December 1867.

The emperors had an extensive list of titles and claims that reflected the geographic expanse and diversity of the lands ruled by the Austrian Habsburgs.

The titles included: Emperor of Austria, Apostolic King of Hungary, King of Bohemia, of Dalmatia, of Croatia, of Slavonia, of Galicia, of Lodomeria, and of Illyria, King of Jerusalem, Archduke of Austria, Grand Duke of Tuscany and of Cracow, Duke of Lorraine, of Salzburg, of Styria, of Carinthia, of Carniola and of the Bukovina, Grand Prince of Transylvania, Margrave in Moravia, Duke of Upper and Lower Silesia, of Modena, Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla, of Auschwitz and Zator, of Teschen, Friuli, Ragusa and Zara, Princely Count of Habsburg and Tyrol, of Kyburg, Gorizia and Gradisca, Prince of Trent and Brixen, Margrave of Upper and Lower Lusatia and in Istria, Count of Hohenems, Feldkirch, Bregenz, Sonnenberg, and so forth, Lord of Trieste, of Cattaro and of the Windic March, Grand Voivode of the Voivodship of Serbia, and so forth, Sovereign of the Order of the Golden Fleece.

The title of Emperor of Austria was created for Francis II and his successors as heads of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine on 11 August 1804. For two years, Francis carried two imperial titles: being Holy Roman Emperor Francis II and "by the Grace of God" (Von Gottes Gnaden) Emperor Francis I of Austria.

In 1805, an Austrian-led army suffered a humiliating defeat at the Battle of Austerlitz and the victorious Napoleon proceeded to dismantle the old Reich by motivating or pressuring several German princes to enter the separate Confederation of the Rhine with their lands in July. This led Francis II/I on 6 August 1806 to declare the Reich dissolved and to lay down the Imperial Crown created in the second half of the 10th century (today displayed at the Treasury of Hofburg Palace in Vienna). From 1806 onwards, Francis was Emperor of Austria only.

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Frequently asked questions

Who was the first Emperor of Austria?

Francis II was the first Emperor of Austria. He was also the Holy Roman Emperor Francis II and Emperor Francis I of Austria.

Why did Francis II become Emperor of Austria?

Francis II became Emperor of Austria to protect the Holy Roman Empire in case it was dissolved. He feared the future of the Empire was in danger due to aggressions by Napoleon I, who had been proclaimed Emperor of the French.

When did Francis II become Emperor of Austria?

On 11 August 1804, Francis II created the new title of "Emperor of Austria" for himself and his successors as heads of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine.

What was the title of Emperor of Austria called?

The Emperor of Austria had an extensive list of titles and claims that reflected the geographic expanse and diversity of the lands ruled by the Austrian Habsburgs. The grand title of the Emperor of Austria had been changed several times.