Belarus: A Safe Haven Or Danger Zone?

Belarus is a country located in Eastern Europe, sharing borders with Russia, Ukraine, Poland, Lithuania, and Latvia. It is regarded as the most developed republic in the former USSR (excluding the Baltic states). The country attracts about 100,000 tourists annually, drawn by its many UNESCO heritage sites, well-preserved medieval castles, and Soviet World War II memorials. But is Belarus dangerous?

Belarus has a high incarceration rate and police presence

Belarus has a high incarceration rate and an intimidating police presence. The country has one of the highest incarceration rates in Europe, and its police per capita rate is the biggest in the world, with 1442 police officers per 100,000 people. The country's harsh drug policies have resulted in thousands of people, mostly youth, serving lengthy sentences in terrible prison conditions.

Belarus's strict laws and heavy-handed enforcement have led to a climate of fear and repression. The country's criminal code includes vague provisions that allow the authorities to crack down on any form of dissent or criticism. For example, people have been imprisoned for "discrediting the Republic of Belarus," which can apply to anyone expressing criticism of the government. The country's harsh drug policies have resulted in thousands of people, mostly young, serving lengthy sentences in terrible prison conditions. The president, Lukashenko, has even called for special prisons for drug dealers, stating, "Make them ask for death."

The heavy police presence in Belarus is not just a matter of statistics; it is a constant, visible reminder of the government's power and control. Political flash mobs in the centre of Minsk and other cities are often met with a show of force, with a large number of armed policemen taking to the streets. This has created an atmosphere of fear and intimidation, especially for those with opposing political views.

The risk of arrest and detention is not limited to Belarusian citizens. Foreigners also face the possibility of incarceration if they are found to have engaged in any political activity deemed illegal by the regime. This includes activities that took place outside of Belarus and those that might seem harmless, such as donating to organisations now considered illegal. The authorities have broad powers to interpret and apply laws as they see fit, and even the simplest mistake can land someone in jail.

In addition to the high incarceration rate and heavy police presence, Belarus's restrictive laws and harsh penalties for drug-related crimes further contribute to a climate of fear and repression in the country.

The country has strict laws and harsh penalties for drug-related crimes

Belarus has strict laws and harsh penalties for drug-related crimes. The country has a zero-tolerance policy towards drugs, and the penalties for drug-related offences can be severe. For example, in 2014, the president issued a decree that punishes drug distribution with up to 25 years in prison. This has resulted in thousands of people, mostly young, serving lengthy sentences in harsh prison conditions.

Belarus's drug policy is considered one of the harshest in the world. The country's approach to drugs stands in stark contrast to its approach to drunk driving, where bribes are sometimes accepted by traffic police. However, it is important to note that there is a zero-tolerance policy for drunk driving as well, and penalties can include fines or imprisonment.

The country's strict drug laws are part of a broader trend of harsh penalties for various crimes. For instance, Belarus has one of the highest incarceration rates in Europe, and its police-to-population ratio is the highest in the world. The country also has a low tolerance for other activities, such as jaywalking, which can result in a fine.

In addition to harsh penalties for drug-related crimes, Belarus also has a strict policy on photography. Taking photographs of military or security personnel or locations of strategic importance may result in problems with the authorities. This includes government buildings and critical infrastructure.

It is worth noting that the perception of safety in Belarus may be influenced by incidents that occur to a small number of tourists. While most tourists may feel safe, those who have had negative experiences are more likely to share their stories. Overall, Belarus is considered a safe country, but it is important to follow the rules and regulations to avoid any problems.

There is a risk of arrest and detention for political activity

Belarus is a country located in Eastern Europe, sharing borders with Russia, Ukraine, Poland, Lithuania, and Latvia. It is regarded as the most developed republic in the former USSR (excluding the Baltic states). The country attracts about 100,000 tourists annually, who visit its many UNESCO heritage sites, well-preserved medieval castles, and Soviet World War II memorials.

While Belarus is considered a safe country for tourists, there are certain risks to be aware of, particularly regarding political activity. The country has a history of political repression and intolerance towards dissent. Here are some key points to consider:

• Avoid Political Activity: Foreign travelers are advised to stay away from any political demonstrations, marches, or large public gatherings. Belarus is an authoritarian state, and any form of political unrest or dissent is not tolerated. If you participate in any rallies or demonstrations, especially if you are holding a banner or sign, you can expect to be detained by the authorities.
• Risk of Arrest and Detention: There is a significant risk of arrest, questioning, or detention if you have engaged in any political activity related to Belarus, even if it occurred outside the country. This includes donating to or supporting organizations that the Belarusian regime now considers illegal. The laws are retroactively applied by the authorities, and they have a broad definition of "political activity."
• Dual Nationals: The risk of arrest and detention is particularly high for dual nationals who have previously been involved in activities considered illegal by the Belarusian government, including online activity on social media. Belarus does not recognize dual nationality, and even British-Belarusian dual citizens will be treated as Belarusian by the authorities.
• Monitoring and Surveillance: Security personnel in Belarus may place foreigners under surveillance by monitoring hotel rooms, telephones, and fax machines. They may also carry out stop-and-search operations on the street and ask for identification documents. It is advisable to carry your passport or a printed copy of its photo page at all times.
• Border Crossing Risks: Mobile phones and other personal items may be seized and inspected by authorities when entering Belarus. There is also a risk of lengthy customs and immigration procedures, and your vehicle could be confiscated if you overstay or violate temporary import regulations.
• Russian Military Activity: Due to the ongoing war in Ukraine, there is Russian military activity inside Belarus, particularly in specific areas such as Mazyr/Mozyr, Zyabrovka, and Lida. The situation is unpredictable, and there is a low risk of direct conflict spreading to Belarus.
• Photography Restrictions: It is illegal to take photographs of police, military personnel, or locations of strategic importance, including government buildings and critical infrastructure. Violating these restrictions may result in problems with the authorities.
• LGBTQ+ Safety: While same-sex relationships are legal in Belarus, the LGBTQ+ community keeps a low profile due to the conservative nature of Belarusian society.

In summary, while Belarus may be safe for tourists in terms of street crime and general safety precautions, it is essential to understand the risks associated with political activity and the current political climate in the country. Travelers are advised to stay informed about the latest developments and follow the recommendations of their respective governments when considering travel to Belarus.

Crime levels are generally low, but petty theft is common

Crime levels are generally low in Belarus, but petty theft is common. Tourists are advised to remain vigilant and take precautions to protect their belongings. This includes keeping valuables locked away in a safe or accommodation, and being cautious in crowded areas and tourist hotspots where pickpockets are known to operate.

Public transport, sleeper trains, and popular tourist destinations in Minsk are particular hotspots for thieves. Tourists are advised to keep their wallets and bags zipped up and in front of them, and to avoid carrying large sums of money or wearing expensive jewellery.

Car theft and theft of car parts are also common in Belarus, particularly European, Japanese, and American-made SUV and luxury cars. It is recommended that drivers park in secure overnight parking areas and do not leave valuables in their vehicles.

While violent crime is rare, tourists are advised to exercise common sense and hand over valuables if confronted by thieves to avoid harm.

Driving in Belarus can be dangerous due to erratic drivers

Belarusian drivers tend to change lanes frequently and without warning, and they may drive very closely to the vehicle in front of them. This unpredictable driving style can be unnerving for visitors who are unfamiliar with the local customs. It's essential to stay alert and be prepared for sudden manoeuvres by other drivers.

In addition, there is a zero-tolerance policy for drink-driving, and foreign drivers are required to have car insurance and follow toll road regulations. Driving without the necessary documentation can result in fines or even imprisonment.

The roads in Belarus vary in quality, with some M-class highways being in good condition, while certain R-class roads may become impassable during winter. Roadworks and potholes are often poorly marked, posing a hazard for drivers who are unfamiliar with the roads. It is also worth noting that drivers with foreign licence plates must pay a toll road fee or risk facing a fine.

The unpredictable driving standards, combined with varying road conditions, make it crucial for visitors to exercise caution when driving in Belarus. It is always best to stay vigilant and adapt to the local driving culture as safely as possible.

Frequently asked questions