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In 2020, the Austrian government approved the opening of the Formula One season with two races on July 5 and 12. The races, which were delayed due to the coronavirus pandemic, were held in the village of Spielberg without spectators.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Number of races in Austria in 2020 | 2 |
| Name of the second race | Styrian Grand Prix |
| Location of the second race | Red Bull Ring |
| Reason for the second race | Turkey losing its place on the calendar because of travel restrictions |
| Number of races at the Red Bull Ring in 2020 | 2 |
| Format of the second race | Reverse-grid qualifying race |
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What You'll Learn
- Austrians are a Germanic ethnic group, but the country has a diverse range of ethnic minorities
- Austria has experienced high levels of immigration since the 1970s, with Turks being the largest immigrant group
- Austrians have historically considered themselves Germans, but this identity has shifted over time
- Austria's vocational education system is unique and helps keep youth unemployment low
- The country's two Formula One races in 2020 were held without spectators due to the coronavirus pandemic
Austrians are a Germanic ethnic group, but the country has a diverse range of ethnic minorities
Austrians are considered a Germanic ethnic group, closely related to neighbouring Germans, Liechtensteiners, and German-speaking Swiss. In fact, 91.1% of the population are regarded as ethnic Austrians. However, Austria has a diverse range of ethnic minorities, with 1.8 million foreign-born residents in the country as of 2024, making up 22.3% of the total population.
Austria is a landlocked country in Central Europe, sharing borders with Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Italy, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein. The country has a population of around 9 million people, with a rich history of inhabitation dating back to at least the Paleolithic period. Over time, various ethnic groups have settled in the region, contributing to its cultural diversity.
One of the largest ethnic minorities in Austria is the Turks, numbering around 350,000 people. They are the largest single immigrant group and make up about 3% of the total population. Other significant ethnic groups include Serbs, Croats, Bosniaks, Macedonians, and Slovenes, who together form about 5.1% of the population. Additionally, there are approximately 25,000 Romani people and an estimated 15,000 Jews living in Austria, primarily in Vienna.
Austria has a history of immigration and ethnic diversity, influenced by its location and historical events. For example, Croat immigration began after the first Turkish siege of Vienna in 1529 and the Turkish occupation of the Balkans. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, Czech and Slovak immigrants provided cheap labour during Austria's industrialization. More recently, refugees from the Yugoslav wars and other conflicts have also settled in the country, contributing to its diverse ethnic landscape.
To protect the rights of ethnic minorities, Austria has implemented various measures and laws. The 1955 State Treaty recognizes Croat and Slovene as official languages in certain regions, in addition to German. The Austrian Parliament also passed the Status of Ethnic Groups in Austria Act in 1976, extending the rights of recognized ethnic groups and facilitating funding for minority protection. These measures aim to promote equality and respect for all citizens, regardless of their ethnic background.
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Austria has experienced high levels of immigration since the 1970s, with Turks being the largest immigrant group
The history of Turkish immigration to Austria dates back to the 1960s and 1970s, when Turkish people, primarily from Turkey and the former Yugoslavia, were recruited as "guest workers" for the construction and export industries following an agreement with the Turkish government in 1964. From 1971, Turkish migrants also included Turkish and Kurdish political refugees. However, from 1973, the policy of encouraging guest workers ended, and restrictive immigration laws were introduced, such as the 1975 Aliens Employment Act and the 1992 Residence Act, which imposed quotas on work and residency permits. Despite these restrictions, Turkish immigration to Austria has continued, driven by family reunification and the pursuit of Austrian citizenship, which requires 10 years of residence in the country.
The Turkish Austrian community is spread throughout major cities like Vienna and Salzburg, as well as smaller towns like Telfs, where they form a significant proportion of the population. Turkish immigrants have also had an impact on Austria's religious landscape, with the Islamic faith gaining official recognition in 1979 and Turkish-language education being offered in some schools. However, Turkish immigrants have faced challenges, including discrimination, underrepresentation in higher education, and employment and housing barriers, particularly for women.
In recent years, there has been a trend towards greater integration of the Turkish community in Austria, and they have had a notable influence on the country's politics, with parties like Social Austria of the Future (SÖZ) and the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ) finding support among Turkish immigrant voters. Additionally, the preservation of kinship networks has facilitated further migration from Turkey and other countries with Turkish minorities, such as Bulgaria, to Austria.
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Austrians have historically considered themselves Germans, but this identity has shifted over time
Austrians have historically been regarded as Germans and have viewed themselves as such. This is due to their shared language and common history, which includes centuries of rule by the House of Habsburg. The Austrian lands, including Bohemia, were part of the Holy Roman Empire and the German Confederation until the Austro-Prussian War in 1866, which resulted in Prussia expelling Austria from the Confederation.
However, when Germany was founded as a nation-state in 1871, Austria was not included. This exclusion put the Austrian identity to the test and led to the development of a conscious sense of 'Austriandom' as an alternative to 'Germandom'. Austrians felt a sense of exclusion and inferiority compared to the dynamic and vigorous German nation-state. The establishment of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1867 also created ethnic conflict between German Austrians and the other ethnic groups within the empire, further complicating Austrian identity.
The annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany in 1938 (known as the Anschluss) and the defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II played a crucial role in shaping a distinct Austrian national identity. Both pan-Germanism and the union with Germany became associated with Nazism, leading Austrians to distance themselves from their German neighbours. After World War II, it was advantageous for Austria to see itself as "Hitler's first victims" rather than as part of the genocidal aggressor. This shift in identity was also influenced by the fact that Austria was considered a victim of Nazi Germany and was not held guilty for the war crimes committed during the war.
Over time, the majority of Austrians have come to develop a self-image that is unambiguously separate from Germany. They emphasise their unique cultural achievements, the Moscow Declaration, geopolitical neutrality, language variation, the Habsburg legacy, and the separation of the two empires in the late 19th century. While Austrian German and Standard German are remarkably similar, they are considered two variations of German, with Austrian German being softer and more melodic. Today, the vast majority of Austrians do not identify as German, and only a small percentage still consider themselves Germans.
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Austria's vocational education system is unique and helps keep youth unemployment low
Austria's vocational education system is unique and has been instrumental in keeping youth unemployment rates low. The system, known as "dual vocational training", is a form of training that is highly practical and business-oriented. Around 80% of the training takes place in a company, and the remaining 20% is spent in a vocational school. This system is open to all young people who have completed nine years of compulsory schooling.
The Austrian model is based on a public-private partnership, with private sector corporations playing a crucial role. Students who opt for this system continue their schooling while simultaneously working in these private sector companies. An apprenticeship contract is signed between the training company and the apprentice, with the duration of the apprenticeship lasting between two and four years, depending on the chosen field. During this time, apprentices learn professional skills and gain theoretical knowledge through traditional classes at a college or technical school.
The success of this program is a result of strong collaboration between federal, regional, and local bodies, as well as the companies involved. In 2021, there were 107,593 apprentices across 212 different apprenticeship occupations in Austria. This system has proven successful in creating a skilled workforce and providing viable employment options for those who do not pursue a traditional academic path.
In contrast, countries like Turkey, which has a highly centralized education system, have faced challenges in implementing effective vocational education programs. The involvement of local stakeholders in the design and operation of the education system is a key factor in Austria's success.
The unique structure of Austria's vocational education system has played a pivotal role in maintaining low youth unemployment rates. In 2020, Austria had the sixth-lowest unemployment rate (14.5%) among 15 to 24-year-olds in the EU-27 comparison. This is a testament to the effectiveness of the country's vocational training programs in preparing young people for the job market.
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The country's two Formula One races in 2020 were held without spectators due to the coronavirus pandemic
The 2020 Formula One World Championship was originally scheduled to include 22 Grands Prix, but the COVID-19 pandemic led to numerous cancellations and postponements. The championship was postponed from its original start date in March to July, with the season-opener taking place in Austria. The pandemic also meant that the first eight rounds of the championship were held behind closed doors, with no spectators in attendance. This included the two races in Austria, which were run at the Red Bull Ring in Spielberg.
The first race in Austria, the Styrian Grand Prix, was added to the calendar after the French Grand Prix was cancelled and the Turkish Grand Prix was removed due to travel restrictions. This was followed a week later by the Austrian Grand Prix, which was the second race of the 2020 season to be held in Austria. The two races in Austria were run on back-to-back weekends with identical setups.
Formula One implemented strict measures to minimise the risk of contagion, with teams operating in "bubbles within bubbles" and maintaining distance from each other and the outside world. All team members tested negative for COVID-19 before departure and underwent regular testing every five days for the duration of their stay. The races in Austria were followed by a trip to nearby Hungary, with similar restrictions in place.
The 2020 Formula One World Championship ultimately consisted of 17 races, with nine races from the original 2020 calendar and eight other Grands Prix. The season ended in December with the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix. The pandemic significantly impacted the format and scheduling of the races, with some races being cancelled entirely and others being held without spectators or at reduced capacity.
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Frequently asked questions
The 2 races refer to the 2 Formula One races that took place in Austria in July 2020.
The races were held in the village of Spielberg, about 200 kilometres southwest of the capital, Vienna.
No, the races were held without spectators due to the ongoing coronavirus pandemic.
The races were approved by the country's health ministry.
Each of the 10 teams was limited to a maximum of 80 people.
