Black Flies Plague New Brunswick

Black flies are a problem in New Brunswick, Canada, particularly during the spring and summer months. While they are typically most active in June, their presence can depend on the weather conditions, with a very wet spring providing the perfect breeding ground for black flies. Black flies are attracted to running water, and their bites can cause a range of reactions in humans, from small puncture wounds to swelling. While they do not carry diseases, black flies can transmit anaphylactic shock to cattle and cause itchy, swollen lesions in humans. To avoid black fly bites, it is recommended to wear light-colored clothing, use insect repellent containing DEET, and avoid the woods on cloudy days.

Black fly season in New Brunswick is typically from late May to June

Black flies are attracted to running water, so they are commonly found near streams and forests. While they do not carry diseases, their bites can cause a range of reactions in humans, from small puncture wounds to large, swollen lesions. Some people may also experience an allergic reaction to the bites, as the flies inject an anticoagulant and anaesthetic into the wound.

To protect yourself from black flies during their peak season, it is recommended to wear light-coloured, long-sleeved shirts and pants. Covering your head with a net and using insect repellent containing DEET can also help deter the flies. Avoiding the woods on cloudy days and opting for bright, sunny days may also reduce your exposure to black flies.

If you are unfortunate enough to be bitten by black flies, the symptoms can be treated with soap and water to prevent infection, and ice to reduce swelling and numb pain and itching. Calamine lotion and Benadryl cream can also provide relief.

While black flies may pose an inconvenience to humans, they are a sign of good water quality and serve as food for other creatures, such as trout, birds, and bats.

They are drawn to running water, like streams and rivers

Black flies, also known as "buffalo gnats" or "turkey gnats", are small, dark, and sturdy flies. They are known for their distinct humpback thorax and range from 5 to 15mm in length. While they do not damage plants, they are a significant nuisance and health risk for people and animals. Unlike mosquitoes, which prefer stagnant water, black flies are drawn to running water, such as streams and rivers. This is because black flies require flowing water to complete their life cycle.

The life cycle of black flies begins when females lay their eggs on vegetation in or near streams or on the water surface. The eggs hatch in water, and the resulting larvae attach themselves to submerged objects like rocks, leaves, or grass. These larvae feed on organic matter in the water and develop into mature larvae, which then pupate underwater. The adult flies emerge from their pupal stage and ride bubbles to the surface, where they fly away.

Black flies are particularly attracted to cool, fast-flowing water. They can be found near large rivers, icy mountain streams, trickling creeks, and waterfalls. The presence of black flies is often seen as an indicator of clean, healthy streams, as they do not tolerate organic pollution. The availability of running water with high levels of dissolved oxygen provides an ideal breeding habitat for black flies and contributes to their population growth.

The preference for running water by black flies is in contrast to mosquitoes, which typically emerge from stagnant ponds and puddles. This distinction is important in understanding the ecology and behaviour of these insects and developing strategies to manage their populations. By targeting the breeding habitats of black flies, such as streams and rivers, it may be possible to implement effective control measures to reduce their numbers and mitigate their impact on humans and animals.

They are most active in the evenings or in forests

Black flies are a common occurrence in New Brunswick, Canada, particularly during the summer months. While they may be a nuisance, there are certain times when they are most active, specifically in the evenings and in forested areas.

Evenings in New Brunswick during the summer can be quite lively, not just for locals and tourists but also for black flies. As the sun starts to set, these tiny insects come out in full force, looking for their next meal. They are attracted to the scent of carbon dioxide and body heat, making warm-blooded creatures, including humans, prime targets. While they may be a nuisance, taking some simple precautions can help reduce the number of bites. Wearing light-coloured clothing that covers your skin, such as long sleeves and pants, can provide a layer of protection. Using insect repellent containing DEET is also recommended by experts like Dr. Graham Thurston, who specialises in this field.

In addition to being active in the evenings, black flies also thrive in forested areas, especially near running water. New Brunswick's lush forests, streams, and untouched nature provide the perfect breeding ground for these insects. The female black flies lay their eggs on partially submerged objects in fast-flowing waters, and the resulting larvae attach themselves to static objects like rocks or branches, remaining underwater for several weeks. This life cycle contributes to the high number of black flies in these environments. When spending time in forested areas, it is essential to take extra precautions, such as wearing protective clothing, using insect repellent, and even considering fine-mesh head netting to create a physical barrier.

The presence of black flies in New Brunswick's evenings and forests is an important consideration for anyone planning outdoor activities during the summer months. By understanding their behaviour and taking the necessary precautions, residents and visitors can better protect themselves from these pesky insects and fully enjoy everything that New Brunswick has to offer.

While black flies may be a nuisance, they are a natural part of the ecosystem in New Brunswick, Canada. The female black flies play a crucial role in reproduction, requiring a blood meal to lay their eggs, which they typically seek from humans, mammals, or birds. This behaviour, while inconvenient for humans, ensures the continuation of their species. Additionally, black flies are attracted to certain scents, such as lactic acid and perfume, which can be avoided by wearing unscented products when spending time outdoors.

Bug sprays with the chemical compound DEET are recommended to keep them at bay

Black flies are a common occurrence in New Brunswick, Canada, during the summer months, especially after a wet spring. While they are typically most active in June, they can still be a nuisance in July. To protect yourself from black fly bites during this time, it is recommended to take a few simple precautions.

Bug sprays with the chemical compound N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide, commonly known as DEET, are the most effective way to keep black flies at bay. DEET is widely recognised as the gold standard for insect repellents and has been proven to be safe and effective in numerous studies. When choosing a bug spray, opt for one with a higher concentration of DEET, as this will provide longer-lasting protection. Repellents with 25% DEET, for example, can offer up to 10 hours of protection.

When selecting a bug spray, it is important to look for products that are EPA-registered and have scientific data to back up their efficacy claims. Cutter Backwoods Insect Repellent is a popular option that contains 25% DEET and offers protection from black flies, mosquitoes, and other insects. It has a mild scent and a non-greasy formula, making it a comfortable choice for many.

In addition to bug spray, there are other measures you can take to minimise black fly bites. Wearing light-coloured, long-sleeved clothing can provide a physical barrier against the insects. Tucking in your shirt and wearing long pants can also help. If you plan to spend extended periods outdoors in black fly-infested areas, consider wearing a net over your head and face. Taking these precautions, along with using a DEET-based bug spray, can help you enjoy the outdoors with minimal interruptions from these pesky insects.

Their bites can cause a number of reactions, from small puncture wounds to swelling

Black flies are a common occurrence in New Brunswick, Canada, particularly during the summer months. While they do not transmit diseases in this region, their bites can cause a range of reactions, from small puncture wounds to swelling.

Black fly bites typically result in a small puncture wound, similar to the size of a pinprick. In some cases, the bite may develop into a larger, swollen bump that can be as big as a golf ball. This swelling is often accompanied by other symptoms, such as a headache, fever, nausea, and swollen lymph nodes—a collection of symptoms known as "black fly fever."

The severity of black fly bites can vary, and some people may experience more intense reactions than others. While most bites will heal on their own without medical intervention, it is important to be aware of potential infection or more severe allergic reactions.

To treat mild black fly bites, it is recommended to wash the affected area with soap and water and apply ice to reduce swelling. Over-the-counter oral antihistamines and topical anti-itch creams can also help alleviate itching and discomfort. However, if you experience more severe symptoms or suspect an infection, it is advisable to seek medical attention.

Additionally, taking precautions to avoid black fly bites is essential. Black flies are most active during the day, especially in the late spring to early summer, and are typically found near creeks, rivers, and forests. Wearing light-colored, long-sleeved clothing and using insect repellents containing DEET can help reduce the number of bites.

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