Ruqayyah Snyder
The Austro-Hungarian Empire, a dual monarchy consisting of the kingdoms of Austria and Hungary, was dissolved in 1918 following its defeat in World War I. The empire's collapse resulted in the formation of several new nations, including the First Czechoslovak Republic, the Second Polish Republic, and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later known as Yugoslavia). The Treaty of Trianon, signed in 1920, defined the postwar boundaries of Hungary, which lost a significant portion of its territory and population to neighbouring states. Both Austria and Hungary became republics, ending the reign of the Habsburg monarchy.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Date of dissolution | June 4, 1920 |
| Treaty signed | Treaty of Trianon |
| Location of treaty signing | Grand Trianon Palace in Versailles, France |
| Nations formed | Czechoslovakia, Poland, State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, Kingdom of Serbia, Hungary, Austria |
| Austria's loss | 60% of the Austrian Empire's territory |
| Hungary's loss | 72% of its territory, 64% of its population, most of its natural resources |
Explore related products
$11.91 $19.99
What You'll Learn
The First Czechoslovak Republic
The Czechoslovak state was conceived as a parliamentary democracy, guided primarily by the National Assembly, consisting of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. The National Assembly was responsible for legislative initiative and was given supervisory control over the executive and judiciary. The operation of the new Czechoslovak government was distinguished by stability, largely due to the well-organized political parties that emerged as the real centers of power. A coalition of five Czechoslovak parties constituted the backbone of the government, excluding the period from March 1926 to November 1929. The coalition's policy was expressed in the slogan, "We have agreed that we will agree."
Making Calls to Austria: Dialing the Right Way
You may want to see also
Explore related products
The Second Polish Republic
Poland's territory covered about 150,000 square miles (389,000 square km) and had more than 27 million inhabitants, making it the sixth-largest country in Europe at the time. The country's economy was primarily agriculture-based, with more than three-fifths of the population dependent on it. Important economic strides were made in the mid-1920s through the reforms of Władysław Grabski. However, the Great Depression of the 1930s had a crippling effect, and the country's economic difficulties were exacerbated by pressing political problems, such as the issue of minorities.
Austria's Summer Charm: Is It Worth Visiting?
You may want to see also
Explore related products
The State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs
The State of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs was the first incarnation of a Yugoslav state founded on Pan-Slavic ideology. It was internationally unrecognized. Thirty-three days after it was proclaimed, the state joined the Kingdom of Serbia to form the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes. This new kingdom was made up of the formerly independent kingdoms of Serbia and Montenegro and a substantial amount of territory that was formerly part of Austria-Hungary, including the State of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs.
The National Council of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs declared itself the supreme representative body of all South-Slavic peoples in the monarchy on 19 October 1918. The state was officially proclaimed on 29 October 1918. Its first president was a Slovene, Anton Korošec. The two vice presidents were a Serb, Svetozar Pribićević, and a Croat, Ante Pavelić. The new state aspired to include all the territories of the former Austria-Hungary inhabited by Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs. However, those representing the Serbs in Vojvodina, including those in Banat, Bačka, and Baranja, objected and formed their own administration.
The State of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs was preceded by the formation of "People's organizations of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs" in July and August 1918 in Split (for Dalmatia), Sušak (for the Croatian Littoral), and Ljubljana (for the Slovene lands). These organizations aimed to advance the interests of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs and promote their unification. In late August, the Croatia-Slavonia parties met in Zagreb to discuss how to gain the support of the Croat-Serb Coalition. On 14 September 1918, the Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister, Stephan Burián von Rajecz, issued a statement advocating a settlement of World War I by a peace treaty, signaling the war's imminent end. By early October, the Slovene-Croat-Serb movement was planning to establish a National Assembly.
How Austria Was Born: A Historical Perspective
You may want to see also
Explore related products
![National Geographic Road Atlas 2026: Adventure Edition [United States, Canada, Mexico]](https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/81rRihqWqgL._AC_UY218_.jpg)
The Kingdom of Hungary
Hungary's interwar politics were dominated by a focus on territorial losses suffered from the Treaty of Trianon, which was signed on 4 June 1920. The treaty reduced Hungary's size substantially: the whole of Transylvania was taken by Romania; much of Upper Hungary became part of Czechoslovakia; Vojvodina was assigned to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (known after 1929 as Yugoslavia); and the Free State of Fiume was created. The treaty also caused Hungary to lose about 70% of its historic territory, 64% of its population, and most of its natural resources.
Hungary's economy suffered from the loss of economically important territories under the Treaty of Trianon. The country lost agricultural and industrial areas, making it dependent on exporting products from its remaining agricultural land to maintain its economy. Hungary's industrial base was separated from its sources of raw materials and its former markets for agricultural and industrial products. The country lost 84% of its timber resources, 43% of its arable land, and 83% of its iron ore.
Hungary's post-World War I politics were characterized by conservative, nationalist, and fiercely anti-communist sentiments. Some historians have described this system as para-fascist. The government was based on an unstable alliance of conservatives and right-wingers. Foreign policy was characterized by revisionism—the total or partial revision of the Treaty of Trianon.
Austria's NATO History: A Complex Relationship
You may want to see also
Explore related products
![2 Pack - Laminated World Map & US Map Poster Set - Wall Chart Map of the World & United States - Made in the USA [Yellow]](https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/91d58tGhj2L._AC_UY218_.jpg)
![National Geographic Road Atlas 2026: Scenic Drives Edition [United States, Canada, Mexico]](https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/814R4OsGtCL._AC_UY218_.jpg)
The Republic of Austria
In 1927, a political clash in Schattendorf resulted in the deaths of an old man and a child. When the shooters were acquitted, left-wing supporters began a massive protest, during which the Ministry of Justice building was burned down. The police and army responded with force, killing 89 people and injuring 600. This incident, known as the July Revolt of 1927, further escalated the violence in Austria, which continued until the early 1930s.
Exploring Austria: A Quick Trip from Munich
You may want to see also
Frequently asked questions
In 1920, the Kingdom of Hungary was formed from the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The Treaty of Trianon, signed on 4 June 1920, defined Hungary's postwar boundaries, with the nation losing 72% of its prewar territory and 64% of its population.
The First Czechoslovak Republic was formed in 1920, as was the Second Polish Republic. The State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs was formed in 1918 and later became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Serbs, also known as Yugoslavia.
The break-up of the Austro-Hungarian Empire did not alleviate national problems in the area and, in fact, made the area more politically unstable.
The rise of local mono-cultural nationalisms, including Slav nationalism, led to the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian throne, in 1914. This assassination catapulted the Empire into World War I, which it lost. The Empire's multi-ethnic army suffered from low morale and the diverse nationalities sought to establish their own nation-states.
