Belarusians are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Belarus, a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. They make up about four-fifths of the country's population, with Russians, Poles, Ukrainians, and Jews forming the remainder. Belarusians natively speak Belarusian, an East Slavic language, and the majority adhere to Eastern Orthodoxy. The country has a rich history, having been controlled by various states throughout the medieval period up until the 20th century, including Kievan Rus', the Principality of Polotsk, and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Belarus eventually gained independence in 1991, and today, it is officially known as the Republic of Belarus.
Characteristics | Values |
---|---|
Official name | Republic of Belarus |
Alternative names | Byelorussia, Byelarus, Belorussia, White Russia, Respublika Byelarus |
Adjectival form | Belarusian |
Population | 9.1 million |
Ethnic composition | 80% ethnic Belarusians, 7.5% Russians, 3.1% Poles, 1.7% Ukrainians, 0.1% Jews, and other minority groups including Tatars, Roma, Lithuanians, and Letts |
Official languages | Belarusian, Russian |
Religion | 48.3% Orthodox Christian, 41.1% non-religious, 7.1% Roman Catholic, 3.3% other religions |
Government | Semi-presidential republic, highly centralized and authoritarian |
Head of state | President Alexander Lukashenko |
Independence | Gained independence on 25 August 1991 |
What You'll Learn
Belarusians are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Belarus
During the Soviet era, Belarusians were referred to as Byelorussians or Belorussians, derived from Byelorussia, which was the country's name during that time. Before that, they were typically known as White Russians or White Ruthenians. The term White Rus was first used in the Middle Ages to refer to the area of Polotsk, and it is believed that the name may have referred to the white clothing worn by the local Slavic population.
Belarusians have a long and rich history that dates back to the Middle Ages. The territory of modern-day Belarus was part of various states throughout the centuries, including Kievan Rus', the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Russian Empire. The people of Belarus are known for their kindness, friendliness, and good humour. Their patience and peacefulness are said to be shaped by the country's history, which has been marked by endless wars.
Belarusian culture is deeply rooted in its traditions and folklore. National costume, traditional crafts, folk dancing, and music are all important aspects of Belarusian life. The country also has a rich literary history, with prominent writers such as Yanka Kupala and Uładzimir Žyłka contributing to its development.
In terms of demographics, Belarus has a population density of about 50 people per square kilometre, with 70% of its population living in urban areas. The capital and largest city, Minsk, is home to nearly 2 million residents. Other major cities include Gomel, Mogilev, Vitebsk, Grodno, and Brest.
Overall, Belarusians are a proud and resilient people who have endured a tumultuous history while preserving their unique culture and identity.
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The official languages of Belarus are Belarusian and Russian
Belarus, officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. The official languages of Belarus are Belarusian and Russian. Russian was made co-official with Belarusian after the 1995 Belarusian referendum.
Belarusian, which is central to the concept of national identity, is an East Slavic language that is related to both Russian and Ukrainian, with dialects that are transitional to both. It is written in a Cyrillic alphabet and has loanwords from both Polish and Russian, which is reflective of the region’s history. An older form of Belarusian was the official language of the grand duchy of Lithuania, of which present-day Belarus was an important component.
Belarusians are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Belarus. They natively speak Belarusian, an East Slavic language. More than 9 million people proclaim Belarusian ethnicity worldwide. Nearly 7.99 million Belarusians reside in Belarus, with the United States and Russia being home to more than 500,000 Belarusians each. The majority of Belarusians adhere to Eastern Orthodoxy.
During the Soviet era, Belarusians were referred to as Byelorussians or Belorussians. Upon Belarusian independence in 1991, they became known as Belarusians (from Belarus, derived from "Беларусь"), sometimes spelled as Belarusans, Belarussians or Belorusians.
The term White Rus' (Белая Русь, Bielaja Ruś), also known as White Ruthenia or White Russia (as the term Rus' is often conflated with its Latin forms Russia and Ruthenia), was first used in the Middle Ages to refer to the area of Polotsk. The name Rus' itself is derived from the Rus' people, which gave the name to the territories of Kievan Rus'. During the 17th century, the Russian tsars used the term to describe the lands added from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. However, during the Russian Civil War, the term White Russian became associated with the White movement.
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Belarusians are predominantly Eastern Orthodox
The Belarusian Orthodox Church (BOC) is the official name of the exarchate of the Russian Orthodox Church in Belarus. It is the largest religious organisation in the country, uniting the predominant majority of its Eastern Orthodox Christians. The BOC is headed by Bishop Vienijamin (Vital Tupieka), who became the Patriarchal Exarch of the Belarusian Orthodox Church in 2020.
The BOC consists of 15 eparchies, including the Eparchy of Babruysk and Bykhaŭ, the Eparchy of Brest and Kobryn, and the Eparchy of Hrodna and Vaukavysk.
While the BOC is the largest religious organisation in Belarus, the country is also home to a strong Catholic minority, particularly in the western regions, where they make up 6.7% of the total population and 32.3% of the population in the Grodno Region. Many Catholics in Belarus are members of minority ethnic groups, such as Poles, who make up 3.1% of the total population.
Christianity is the main religion in Belarus, with Eastern Orthodoxy being the largest denomination. According to estimates, 73.3% of Belarusians are Orthodox Christians, 14.8% are irreligious, 9.7% are Catholic Christians, and 3.5% are members of other religions.
The legacy of state atheism during the Soviet era is apparent, with a proportion of Belarusians, especially in the eastern part of the country, being non-religious. However, the revival of religion in post-communist Belarus has brought about a revival of the historical conflict between Orthodoxy and Catholicism. This complexity is further compounded by the two denominations' links to institutions outside the republic.
Despite the dominance of Eastern Orthodoxy in Belarus, the country has a long history of religious and cultural borderlands, with frequent changes in the dominant religious affiliation of the local population. The fuzzy and unstable border between Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy has resulted in geopolitically triggered changes in religious allegiance over time.
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Belarusians are known for their hospitality
Belarusians' hospitality is also reflected in their customs and traditions. In Belarusian culture, it is customary to present an offering of bread and salt when greeting a guest or visitor as a sign of hospitality. This tradition dates back to the Kievan Rus' period, and the country's traditional dress is also influenced by this era, with ornate patterns influenced by neighbouring cultures such as Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, and Russia.
The people of Belarus are known for their warm and friendly nature. They are proud of their country's ancient history, rich traditions, beautiful nature, amazing architecture, industrial giants, and well-developed agriculture. Belarus is located in Eastern Europe and has a population of over 9 million people, with ethnic Belarusians making up about four-fifths of the population. The capital and largest city is Minsk, which is home to about one-fifth of the country's population.
Belarus has two official languages: Belarusian and Russian. Belarusian is an East Slavic language closely related to Russian and Ukrainian, with dialects that are transitional between the two. It is written in the Cyrillic alphabet and has loanwords from Polish and Russian, reflecting the region's history. Russian is spoken by a significant portion of the population as well, especially in the cities.
Belarusian cuisine is largely based on vegetables, meat (particularly pork), and bread. Traditional dishes are usually slowly cooked or stewed, and it is common to eat a light breakfast followed by two hearty meals later in the day. Hospitality is an important aspect of Belarusian culture, and this is reflected in their cuisine and traditions as well.
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Belarusians are a kind, friendly and good-humoured nation
Belarusians are a kind, friendly, and good-humoured nation. The people of Belarus have a long and rich history and are known for their patience and peacefulness. Belarusians are welcoming to visitors and are interested in sharing their culture, traditions, and sense of community with others.
The country has a population of around 9 million people, with ethnic Belarusians making up more than 80% of the population. The remaining population is made up of various minority groups, including Russians (7.5%), Poles (3.1%), Ukrainians (1.7%), Jews (0.1%), Tatars, Roma, Lithuanians, and Letts. Belarus has a diverse cultural and religious landscape, with Eastern Orthodoxy being the dominant faith, followed by Roman Catholicism and other forms of Christianity, Judaism, and Islam.
Belarusian national identity has been shaped by its history, which has been marked by foreign rule and conflict. Throughout the medieval period and up until the 20th century, different states controlled the lands of modern-day Belarus, including Kievan Rus', the Principality of Polotsk, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and the Russian Empire. The country experienced devastating losses during World War II, losing about a quarter of its population and half of its economic resources.
Despite the hardships they have endured, Belarusians are known for their resilience and strong national spirit. They have a rich cultural heritage that includes traditional arts and crafts, folk dancing, music, and literature. The national costume is still popular and is worn during festivals and celebrations. Belarusian cuisine is largely based on vegetables, meat, and bread, with a focus on hearty meals.
Belarusians are proud of their country's natural beauty, which includes vast forests, lakes, and rivers. The country has a hemiboreal climate and is home to a diverse range of flora and fauna. Belarusians value their natural heritage and work to preserve it for future generations.
In summary, Belarusians are a kind and welcoming people with a strong sense of national identity. They have a rich cultural and historical heritage and are known for their resilience and good humour in the face of adversity. Belarus is a land of natural beauty and diverse traditions, and its people are always eager to share their unique way of life with the world.
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Frequently asked questions
Беларусь, romanized: Byelarus, IPA: [bʲɛlaˈrusʲ]
Belarusians, or less commonly, Belarusans.
The name Belarus is closely related to the term Belaya Rus', meaning "White Rus". There are several theories as to the origin of this name. One ethno-religious theory suggests that the name was used to differentiate between the Christianized Slavs and the pagan Balts. Another explanation highlights the white clothing worn by the local population.
The term "White Rus" first appeared in German and Latin medieval literature in the 14th century. The chronicles of Jan of Czarnków mention the imprisonment of Lithuanian grand duke Jogaila and his mother at "Albae Russiae, Poloczk dicto" in 1381.
"Rus" is often conflated with its Latin forms "Russia" and "Ruthenia". Thus, Belarus is often referred to as White Russia or White Ruthenia.