Breathing Easy In Belize: A Safe Haven?

Belize is a country in Central America with a population of 397,483 as of 2022. It has both public and private healthcare systems, with the Ministry of Health (MoH) being the largest provider of public health services in the country. Belize has a high prevalence of communicable diseases, including respiratory diseases. The country's healthcare system offers respiratory therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation services to help diagnose, treat, and rehabilitate patients with respiratory disorders. However, it is important to note that the quality of healthcare in Belize may vary, and individuals with respiratory disorders should carefully consider their specific needs and requirements before making any decisions about relocating to Belize.

Belize's healthcare system

The public healthcare system in Belize provides all its citizens and residents with free or low-cost healthcare services from publicly-run healthcare providers. There are eight major public hospitals and around 60 public clinics in Belize. However, these facilities remain underfunded, understaffed, and undersupplied. Despite having a large population, Belize City offers the highest level of care. The public hospitals and clinics provide very low-cost and almost free healthcare services to anyone who needs them. However, this often results in long waiting times. A Belize Health Information System card (BHIS) is mandatory for anyone seeking treatment at a public healthcare facility, including citizens and expats.

The private healthcare sector in Belize has grown in recent years, especially in urban areas. While the costs are high, the coverage is comprehensive, offering a range of secondary and tertiary healthcare facilities. The acquisition of international private health insurance has also increased in popularity. Private hospitals and clinics cater to expats and global citizens, and while they are expensive, they are often the preferred choice for more comprehensive care.

Belize faces challenges such as a shortage of medical professionals, with many doctors and medical staff being foreign nationals working as volunteers. There is also a shortage of medical supplies and equipment, particularly in rural areas. Emergency medical services are limited to urban towns and cities, with little to no ambulance services in remote areas.

The standard of healthcare across the country is generally considered low, and medical procedures are limited. Many expats opt for comprehensive international health insurance before arriving in Belize to cover the cost of treatment and potential evacuation to neighbouring countries for more specialised care.

Belize has been working to improve its healthcare system through various initiatives and reforms. The Human Rights Measurement Initiative found that Belize fulfilled 83.0% of what it should be fulfilling for the right to health based on its income level. The country has also made significant progress in reducing child mortality, achieving the target set by the UN's Sustainable Development Goal 3.

Crime and safety in Belize

Crime and safety are serious concerns in Belize, which has been consistently ranked among the worst five countries in the world for homicides. The country has a high rate of violent crime, including gang violence, home invasions, armed robberies, and sexual assaults. These crimes often occur during daylight hours and in tourist areas. While Belizeans are the most common victims of violent crime, there has been an increase in crimes against tourists and expatriates in recent years.

The US and Canadian governments advise their citizens to exercise caution in Belize due to the high levels of violent crime. Tourists are advised to remain vigilant and aware of their surroundings at all times, avoid travelling after dark, and refrain from wearing items that display wealth. Gang violence is particularly prevalent in Southside Belize City, where a state of emergency was declared in June 2024 due to high levels of crime. Other areas to avoid include Northside Victoria Street and Roaring Creek Village.

Petty crime, such as pickpocketing and purse snatching, is also common in Belize, especially in tourist areas and resorts. Criminals often operate in groups and target individuals travelling alone. Credit card and ATM fraud are also frequent occurrences, especially in San Pedro.

Drug and human trafficking, organised crime, and street gang activity are prevalent in Belize, and border areas often see higher criminal activity and violence. Criminals are known to operate near the border with Guatemala, close to tourist sites such as the Mayan ruins at Caracol.

To reduce the risk of becoming a victim of crime in Belize, it is recommended to follow basic safety precautions such as carrying minimal cash, avoiding isolated areas, and not resisting in the event of a robbery. It is also important to be cautious when using taxis, as sexual harassment by taxi drivers has been reported.

In terms of natural disasters, hurricanes and severe storms can pose significant risks to safety in Belize during the hurricane season, which typically lasts from mid-May to the end of November. The rainy season, from May to November, can also lead to seasonal flooding and hazardous road conditions. Bush and forest fires are common between December and May, particularly in the Cayo District and southern districts.

Belize's climate

Belize has a tropical climate with a wet season from May or June to October or November, and a dry season from November or February to April or May. The wet season is also hurricane season, and the country is prone to hurricane impacts as it lies in the direct path of most Atlantic storms. The dry season sees significantly less rainfall, and when rain does come, it is usually in mild, short bursts.

The mean annual temperature in Belize ranges from 23–27°C, with the coast generally exhibiting hotter temperatures than the interior. The average yearly temperature is 84°F (29°C), with temperatures rarely falling below 60°F (16°C) in winter, and sitting at around 86°F (30°C) in summer. Humidity is fairly consistent at around 85%.

There are considerable yearly variations in rainfall throughout the country. In the south, Belize usually receives mean monthly rainfall of 150–400 mm during the wet season, while the rest of the country receives less than 100 mm of rainfall per month. In the north, annual rainfall increases sharply from about 50 inches (1,270 mm) at Corozal to 175 inches (4,445 mm) at Punta Gorda.

Belize has a diverse range of ecosystems, including extensive coral reefs, lowland forests, highland plateaus, and mangrove and swamp forests. The country is home to a rich variety of wildlife, with over 5,000 species of plants and hundreds of species of animals, including armadillos, snakes, and monkeys.

Belize's visa and residency options

Belize offers a wide range of visa and residency options, each with its own eligibility requirements and benefits. Here is a detailed overview of the most common visa and residency options in Belize:

Tourist Visa:

This is the most common type of visa for visitors to Belize. Upon entering the country, tourists are granted a 30-day visa, which can be extended for additional 30-, 60-, or 90-day periods indefinitely. The cost for each 30-day extension is BZD 100. To obtain an extension, individuals must visit an immigration office and provide the necessary documentation, including a completed visa extension form, proof of a return ticket or local accommodation, and a bank statement demonstrating sufficient funds.

Temporary Employment Permit (Work Permit):

This visa allows individuals to stay in Belize for up to one year and work for a specific employer. The application process involves three steps: applying online or through a sponsoring company, submitting the required documents, and obtaining approval from the Ministry of Rural Transformation, Community Development, Labour, and Local Government. The work permit fee is typically BZD 1,500, and it is valid only for the specified employer.

Qualified Retirement Program (QRP):

The QRP is a residency program for individuals over 45 years of age who can demonstrate a monthly retirement income of at least BZD 2,000. It offers benefits such as zero-duty importation on vehicles and personal items during the first year. The program requires a minimum stay of 30 days in Belize annually and is renewable each year. The fees include an application fee of BZD 150, a fee of BZD 1,000 for the applicant, and BZD 750 for each dependent, as well as BZD 200 per person for ID cards.

Permanent Residency:

Permanent residency is an option for those who have made Belize their home. Applicants must demonstrate that they have lived in Belize for at least 365 days, with no more than 14 days spent outside the country. They must also provide proof of financial stability and a clean criminal record. The application process involves submitting the required documentation, including medical certificates, proof of financial stability, and spouse and child documentation. Interviews with immigration and police departments are also part of the process. The fees for permanent residency vary by nationality, with BZD 2,000 for US citizens.

Citizenship:

After being a permanent resident for at least five years, individuals may apply for Belizean citizenship. Belize allows dual citizenship, so individuals do not need to renounce their previous citizenship. The process involves submitting the required documents, attending an interview, and paying a citizenship fee of BZD 150.

It is important to note that the requirements and procedures for each visa and residency option may change, and it is advisable to consult official sources and seek legal advice for the most up-to-date and accurate information.

Belize's cost of living

Housing

Belize offers a range of housing options, from basic wooden homes to modern concrete houses. The former is the most economical choice, typically featuring one or two bedrooms, a simple kitchen, and no air conditioning. Concrete homes, on the other hand, tend to be larger and offer more conveniences, such as air conditioning, but they also come with a higher price tag.

The location also plays a crucial factor, with popular expat communities like San Pedro, Placencia, and Caye Caulker commanding higher rental prices. For instance, a two-bedroom apartment near the beach in San Pedro or Placencia can cost between $1,200 and $1,500 per month.

Utilities

Utilities, particularly electricity, can be expensive in Belize. The cost per KWh is approximately $0.22, which is significantly higher than what you might be used to. Phone and internet services are more reasonably priced, with unlimited talk and text plans starting at around $28 per month, and basic internet packages at $25 per month.

Food

The cost of food in Belize can be high, especially for imported items. However, by shopping like a local and relying on fresh produce from local farmers, you can significantly reduce your food expenses. Belize's national dish, stewed chicken with rice and beans, is a cheap and filling option, costing around $6 to $8 at roadside stands.

Dining out, especially in touristy areas, can quickly add up. However, by asking locals for recommendations, you can find more affordable restaurants.

Transportation

Getting around in Belize can be challenging and expensive. Gasoline is particularly costly, often two to two-and-a-half times the price in the US. Public transportation, while cheap (ranging from $1 to $15 depending on the distance), may not be reliable. Taxis are also available but are not considered safe.

Healthcare

Healthcare in Belize has been improving, with the government investing in new clinics and medical services. However, advanced medical care is mostly concentrated in Belmopan and Belize City. The cost of healthcare is significantly lower than in the US, and insurance is often unnecessary. For example, an "urgent care" visit might cost around $25, while advanced lab work could be around $200.

Leisure Activities

Belize offers a range of leisure activities, particularly in touristy areas. However, these can be pricey, ranging from $65 to $100 per person. Locals often get together to hire a boat and captain, splitting the cost.

Summary

While Belize's cost of living has increased due to the global economic situation, it is still possible to live comfortably on a fraction of what you might spend in the US. By adopting a more local lifestyle, shopping for local produce, and being mindful of your utility usage, you can keep your expenses relatively low.

Frequently asked questions