Belize Considers Border Closure

Belize has land borders with Guatemala and Mexico. The Belize-Guatemala border is 165 miles long and the Belize-Mexico border is 160 miles long. Belize's borders are currently open to foreign tourists, but the country has been deemed unsafe for travel by several countries due to violent crime and gang activity.

Belize's borders with Guatemala and Mexico

Belize shares its borders with Guatemala and Mexico. The Belize-Guatemala border is about 165 miles long and is defined in Article I of the Wyke-Aycinena Treaty of 1859 as an almost straight line close to the 89th meridian west. The border has been disputed by Guatemala, which claims that the treaty is void since Britain failed to comply with economic assistance provisions found in Article VII. The Belize-Mexico border, on the other hand, runs for about 155 miles along the course of the Hondo River and acts as a divide between Belize and the Mexican states of Campeche and Quintana Roo. The current boundary was agreed upon in 1893 and finalized in 1897.

The Belize-Guatemala border has one main highway crossing at Benque Viejo del Carmen, Cayo District, Belize, and Melchor de Mencos, Peten, Guatemala. The Western Border (Benque Viejo del Carmen) and the Northern Border (Santa Elena) are open to foreign tourists and locals from 6:00 am to 10:00 pm. As of March 1, 2022, fully vaccinated travellers no longer need a negative test but must show proof of vaccination for entry into Belize's airport, land borders, or sea ports. Unvaccinated children ages 5 and older will be subjected to SARCoV2 testing for entry.

The Belize-Mexico border was tricky to explore in the past due to the remoteness of the location, especially on the Mexican side. This allowed the British to occupy most of the border region when Belize was known as British Honduras. The Mexicans withdrew their claim to Belize in 1893 after reaching an agreement with Britain. However, Mexico has stated that the claim will be revived if Guatemala succeeds in acquiring part of Belize.

Requirements for entry into Belize

As of July 12, 2022, Belize has removed its COVID-19 guidelines and restrictions for foreign tourists. However, there are still requirements that must be met to enter the country.

Firstly, all travellers to Belize must hold a passport that is valid for at least 3 months after their arrival. Some airlines may enforce a validity of 6 months after arrival. It is also important to note that the passport must be valid for at least 30 days after the intended period of stay.

Secondly, visitors must provide proof of their intent to depart Belize, such as a return or onward ticket.

Thirdly, visitors must be able to show proof of vaccination or, if they are not fully vaccinated, a negative SARS-CoV-2 test. Children aged 5 and older who are unable to show proof of vaccination will be subjected to SARS-CoV-2 testing.

Fourthly, it is recommended that tourists purchase the Belize Travel Health Insurance, which costs US$18 and covers up to $50,000 in COVID-19-related medical expenses and up to $2,000 for lodging expenses.

Additionally, visitors aged 18 and under who are travelling without one or both parents must carry a notarised letter of parental consent.

Finally, tourists are permitted to stay in Belize for 30 days. If they wish to extend their stay, they must apply for a 'Belize Visitor's Permit Extension' at a cost of US$100 or 200 Belize dollars for each additional 30 days.

Crime and safety in Belize

Belize is a small Central American country known for its beautiful jungles and islands, which attract many tourists each year. However, Belize has also gained a reputation for being one of the most dangerous countries in the world due to its high levels of violent crime. Here is some essential safety information for anyone considering a trip to Belize.

Violent Crime

Belize has one of the highest per capita murder rates in the world, and violent crimes such as home invasions, armed robberies, and sexual assaults are common, even during daylight hours and in tourist areas. Gang violence is a significant issue, especially in Belize City, with the south side of the city being particularly dangerous and best avoided altogether. While tourists are not usually the targets of violent crime, there have been a few high-profile murders of visitors in recent years.

Petty Crime

Petty crime, such as pickpocketing, purse snatching, and theft, is also prevalent in Belize, and tourists are often targeted, even in resorts. Criminals often operate in groups and target individuals travelling alone. It is important to remain vigilant and aware of your surroundings at all times and to avoid travelling after dark.

Border Areas

Border areas, such as the one with Guatemala, tend to have higher levels of criminal activity and violence. Criminals are known to operate near tourist sites such as the Mayan ruins at Caracol. It is recommended to only use official border crossings and to avoid travelling at night in these areas.

Scams

Cruise ship visitors have been targeted by scammers who offer to sell them drugs and then set them up for arrest, demanding a substantial fine for their release. It is important to be aware of such scams and to avoid purchasing any illegal drugs, as this can lead to heavy penalties and jail time.

LGBTQ+ Safety

While homosexuality was legalized in Belize in 2016, the country remains conservative, and LGBTQ+ travellers may face verbal or physical abuse and harassment. It is recommended to be cautious and discreet, avoiding public displays of affection. San Pedro in Ambergris Caye is considered the most gay-friendly spot in Belize.

Female Travellers

Women travelling alone in Belize should be cautious, as sexual harassment, such as catcalling and staring, is common, especially on beaches and islands. Sexual assaults can also occur, and women are advised not to hitchhike or accept rides from strangers. It is recommended to limit alcohol consumption and always keep an eye on food and drinks to prevent them from being spiked, which could put women at risk of sexual assault and robbery.

General Safety Tips

• Always carry valid ID and ensure your passport and other travel documents are secure.
• Avoid displaying signs of wealth, and do not carry large amounts of cash.
• Use only official border crossings when crossing borders by road, and avoid travelling at night.
• Be cautious when using credit or debit cards, and only use ATMs in well-lit public areas or inside banks.
• Avoid travelling alone at night, and stay away from dark side streets.
• Use registered taxis rather than walking at night.
• If hiking, join a group with experienced guides from a reputable company.
• Be vigilant when visiting banks or ATMs.
• Do not physically resist any robbery attempts.
• Be aware of your surroundings and avoid secluded areas.
• Stay in well-reviewed accommodations, and meet visitors in the lobby.
• Keep your hotel room door secured at all times.
• Purchase travel insurance that includes coverage for medical evacuation and hospital stays.

Belize's territorial disputes

Belize has territorial disputes with Guatemala and Honduras.

Guatemala

The Belize–Guatemala territorial dispute is an unresolved dispute between the neighbouring Central American states. The roots of the dispute go back to the 17th century when British settlers came to the coasts of Central America to cut logwood. The Spanish Crown considered these settlers to be pirates, and the British Crown did nothing to protect them. In 1763, Spain, as part of the Treaty of Paris, gave these settlers, known as "Baymen", the right to cut logwood within a small area that remained subject to Spanish sovereignty. The rights of the Baymen were extended by treaty in 1783 and 1786, when the boundaries of what had become a British settlement were agreed upon.

In 1859, Guatemala and Britain negotiated the Wyke-Aycinena Treaty regarding the disputed area. The treaty stated that Guatemala would recognise British sovereignty over the region and formed the modern-day boundary lines of Belize. However, the treaty included an article about building a mutually beneficial road, which was never constructed. In 1939, the Guatemalan government unilaterally abrogated the treaty, citing that the UK was in breach of Article 7, and threatened invasion. Britain stationed troops in Belize to secure the region against Guatemalan invasion, and diplomatic efforts to find a solution were pursued.

Belize became independent in 1981 with the dispute unresolved. Guatemala recognised the independent state of Belize in 1991 but made clear that it did not accept its boundaries. In 1999, Guatemala shifted its stance back to inheriting claims from the Spanish Empire and the Federal Republic of Central America. Guatemala and Belize stationed troops at the border, and in 2008, both countries made a pact to hold simultaneous referendums to send the issue to the International Court of Justice (ICJ). The referendums passed in both countries by May 2019. As of June 2022, both countries are settling the dispute at the ICJ, with both sides having submitted their initial briefs. The court is not expected to rule until 2025 at the earliest.

Honduras

Belize also has a territorial dispute with Honduras regarding the Sapodilla Cays.

Travel advisories for Belize

Last updated: July 2024

Crime and personal safety

• There are high levels of violent crime throughout Belize, including sexual assault, home invasions, armed robberies, and murder. These crimes occur even during daylight hours and in tourist areas.
• Gang and drug-related violence is common in Southside Belize City, south of the Haulover Creek River. A state of emergency was declared in this area on June 25, 2024, and a nightly curfew is in place for minors.
• Avoid non-essential travel to Southside Belize City, Northside Victoria Street, and Roaring Creek Village.
• Be aware of your surroundings at all times and avoid travelling after dark.
• Avoid displaying signs of wealth, such as expensive watches or jewellery.
• Keep your belongings secure at all times, especially your passport and other travel documents.
• Avoid carrying large amounts of cash.
• Do not physically resist any robbery attempt. If you are threatened, hand over your cash and valuables without resistance.
• If you are a woman travelling alone, be aware that you may be subject to harassment and verbal abuse. Avoid unlit alleys and isolated areas.
• LGBTQ+ travellers should carefully consider the risks of travelling to Belize, as they have experienced harassment and verbal or physical abuse.
• Avoid public displays of affection if you are a LGBTQ+ traveller.
• Road conditions and road safety are poor throughout Belize. Accidents are common due to reckless driving, a lack of traffic signs, and narrow or unpaved roads.
• If you are driving in Belize, familiarise yourself with your route before starting your trip and avoid travelling after dark.
• Public transportation in Belize is generally unreliable and unsafe. Avoid travelling by bus or taxi.

Border crossings

• Only use official border crossings when crossing between Belize and Guatemala or Mexico.
• The main highway crossing between Belize and Guatemala is at Benque Viejo del Carmen, Cayo District, Belize, and Melchor de Mencos, Peten, Guatemala.
• The main border crossing between Belize and Mexico is between Subteniente Lopez, Quintana Roo, Mexico, and Santa Elena, Corozal District, Belize.
• When crossing the border, you may be required to show proof of vaccination or a negative COVID-19 test.
• Foreign tourists entering Belize through any land border or airport must purchase travel insurance prior to or upon arrival.

Natural disasters

• Belize is prone to hurricanes, tornadoes, cyclones, and monsoons, especially during the rainy season from May to November. Stay informed of the latest regional weather forecasts and follow the advice of local authorities.
• Bush and forest fires are common between December and May, particularly in the Cayo District and southern districts of Belize.

Health

• Good quality health care is limited in Belize, especially in rural areas. Make sure you have travel insurance that covers medical evacuation and hospital stays.
• Some prescription medications may not be available in Belize, so bring enough of your medication with you.
• There is a risk of contracting hepatitis A, hepatitis B, typhoid, and travellers' diarrhea in Belize. Practise safe food and water precautions and wash your hands frequently.
• Insect-borne diseases, such as dengue fever, Zika virus, and chikungunya, are also present in Belize. Protect yourself from mosquito bites.

Frequently asked questions