Damon Mcknight
Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe that shares its borders with Austria and Romania. It is a predominantly mountainous country with a population of 9,817,958 and a land area of 83,871 square kilometres (32,383 sq mi). The country is home to several major ranges of the Alps, including the Northern Calcareous Alps, Central Alps, and Southern Calcareous Alps, which run west to east. The capital, Budapest, is situated along the Danube River and serves as the country's cultural, scientific, and artistic centre. Hungary has a continental climate with cold winters and warm summers.
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What You'll Learn
Austria and Switzerland share a 158 km border
Austria and Switzerland share a 158-kilometre (98-mile) border. The border is divided into two parts, with the Principality of Liechtenstein separating the two portions. The border's current position dates back to the creation of the Helvetic Republic in 1798. In the 19th century, it was the westernmost border of the Austrian Empire, and later, Austria-Hungary.
The border runs from the Swiss-Austrian-Italian tripoint north of Piz Lad, in the Engadin, following the Inn River between Martina and Nauders and then running west towards Samnaun. The border cuts across the High Alps, connecting the peaks of Grübelekopf, Bürkelkopf, Greitspitz, Piz Rots, Fluchthorn, Augstenberg, Piz Buin, and Gross Seehorn. The border then follows the northern watershed of the Prättigau valley, meeting the southern tripoint of Switzerland, Austria, and Liechtenstein at Naafkopf.
North of Liechtenstein, the border separates Vorarlberg from the canton of St. Gallen. The Swiss-Austrian border then follows the Alpine Rhine, passing east of Diepoldsau and reaching Lake Constance at the Rhine delta of the Old Rhine near Rheineck and Gaissau. The new delta of the straightened Alpine Rhine lies entirely within Austria. The border continues northward to the Austrian-Swiss-German tripoint located within Upper Lake Constance.
The course of the border reflects the historical success of rivals to the House of Habsburg, such as the Old Swiss Confederacy and the Three Leagues, in limiting the influence of the Habsburg Archdukes of Austria in the original Habsburg domains west of the Rhine during the 14th and 15th centuries. Most of the Alpine part of the border had been the outer border of the Three Leagues since the 15th century, with the exception of the Vinschgau.
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Austria and Hungary share a 331 km border
Austria and Hungary share a 331-kilometre (205-mile) border. This border stretches from Lake Constance in the west to Neusiedler See in the east. The border is crossed by numerous roads, including famous highways, and the Karawanken Tunnel, which is a special toll road. The border also features several important passes through the Alps, which run through Austria from west to east. These passes are important for north-south transit.
The current border between the two countries was established in 1921, after the fall of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The border has a mostly north-south orientation but includes a significant westward deviation at the level of the village of Tárnokréti in Hungary, creating a protrusion into Austrian land. The border ends near the village of Felsőszölnök at the Austria-Hungary-Slovenia tripoint.
The border between Austria and Hungary was not always peaceful. Austrians and Hungarians were rivals for centuries, and both were among the biggest losers of World War I. In 1916, Romania declared war on Austria-Hungary, and the Romanian Army crossed the borders of eastern Hungary. However, by November 1916, the Austro-Hungarian, German, Bulgarian, and Ottoman armies had defeated the Romanian and Russian armies and occupied southern Romania.
Despite this turbulent history, relations between Austria and Hungary have improved significantly since the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989. The border region has enjoyed dynamic growth, with a flourishing tourism industry thanks to its natural resources and thermal springs. Additionally, Austria and Hungary work together in the Euroregions West/Nyugat Pannonia and Centrope, strengthening their relationship and putting their historical conflicts behind them.
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Romania and Hungary share a border
Romania and Hungary's shared border has been the site of several disputes and serious conflict. One source of conflict is the demand for autonomy by certain Hungarian minorities in Romania. During World War II, Hungary and Romania became allies and participated in the war against the Soviet Union. However, in 1944, Romania switched sides and fought against Hungary. Consequently, Soviet and Romanian troops invaded Hungary and occupied Northern Transylvania. The Treaty of Paris in 1947 reaffirmed the borders between Romania and Hungary as originally defined in the Treaty of Trianon in 1920, confirming the return of Northern Transylvania to Romania.
Despite their strained relations, Romania and Hungary have maintained strong economic ties. Hungary is Romania's third-largest trading partner, and large Romanian companies operate in Hungary. The two countries conduct transactions worth more than 7.3 billion euros annually and also compete in sports such as ice hockey and handball.
In addition to Hungary, Romania shares borders with several other countries, including Serbia, Bulgaria, Moldova, and Ukraine. Romania has established diplomatic relations and strong ties with many foreign countries and is a member of several international organizations, including the United Nations, NATO, and the European Union.
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Romania and Bulgaria share a 630 km border
Romania and Bulgaria share a border that is 630 km long, with 21 border crossings. The border mostly follows the course of the lower Danube River, up until the town of Silistra, after which the river continues north into Romania. East of Silistra, the land border passes through the historical region of Dobruja, dividing it into Northern Dobruja in Romania and Southern Dobruja in Bulgaria. The Bulgaria-Romania border is an internal border of the European Union.
Romania and Bulgaria joined the Schengen Area on 1 January 2025, after checks on persons at the internal land borders were lifted. The internal air and sea border controls between Bulgaria, Romania, and the other countries in the Schengen Area were already lifted on 31 March 2024. The Schengen Area is the largest area of freedom, security, and justice without internal frontiers, guaranteeing free movement to more than 450 million EU citizens and non-EU nationals living in, visiting, or doing business in the EU.
Romania shares borders with several other countries besides Bulgaria. To the northwest lies Hungary, with which Romania shares a 447 km long border with 11 border crossings. In the southwest, Romania borders Serbia, with a border of approximately 546.4 km in length, of which 256.8 km is terrestrial and 289.6 km is fluvial. Romania's southeast border is shared with Moldova, stretching 681 km along the Prut and Danube rivers, with 9 crossing points. In the north and southeast, Romania shares a 613 km long border with Ukraine.
Austria, on the other hand, is located in Central Europe and shares borders with Switzerland, Germany, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovenia, Italy, and Liechtenstein. It does not share a direct border with Romania.
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Romania and Ukraine share a border
The Romania-Ukraine border is crossed by many people, and there are specific requirements for those crossing by car. For Ukrainian citizens, a Green Card is mandatory, which is an international motor third-party liability insurance policy. This insurance policy covers the costs of compensation for damage caused to life, health, and property in the case of an accident in Romania and other member states. Additionally, a valid vehicle inspection certificate is required to cross the border by car, and the requirements for the regularity of technical inspections depend on the type of vehicle and its age. For new vehicles, the first technical inspection must be carried out three years after the first registration, while vehicles between 3 and 12 years old must be inspected every two years. Vehicles older than 12 years are required to undergo an annual technical inspection.
In 2014, Romania and Ukraine signed a provisional agreement on local border traffic, which applies to residents within a 30 km border area, extendable to 50 km to accommodate larger administrative units. This agreement covers 662 localities in Ukraine, including Transcarpathia, Ivano-Frankivsk, Odesa, and Chernivtsi oblasts, and is applicable to about 2 million Ukrainian and Romanian residents.
The border between Romania and Ukraine is part of the external border of the European Union since Romania's accession to the EU in 2007. This has had an impact on the entry rules for Ukrainian citizens, as Romania joined the Schengen area, which includes several European countries. Austria, for example, is another country that shares a border with Romania and is part of the EU. Austria and Romania established diplomatic relations on September 23, 1878, and both countries are now full members of the Council of Europe, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, and the European Union.
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Frequently asked questions
Hungary shares a border with both Austria and Romania and was once part of the Ottoman Empire.
Romania shares a border with Hungary and has a population of over 20 million people.
Austria shares a border with Romania and is not landlocked.
