Damon Mcknight
Slovenia is a central European country that shares its borders with Italy, Austria, Hungary, and Croatia. The country's borders have been fluid for most of its history, with its territory previously being part of the Austrian Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Slovenia has a population of approximately 2 million people, with Slovene being the official language.
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What You'll Learn
Slovenia shares a border with Italy, Austria, Hungary, and Croatia
Slovenia's border with Italy stretches 135 miles long, with the region of Trieste having been a source of territorial conflict between the two countries. The border with Austria is 251 miles long and has undergone many revisions throughout history. Austria and Slovenia have a shared history dating back to when the territory of Slovenia was part of the Austrian Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
Slovenia's longest border is with Croatia, stretching about 282.7 miles long. The Kupa (Croatian) or Kolpa (Slovene) River provides a natural boundary between the two countries. In October 2023, Slovenia temporarily reintroduced border control with Croatia and Hungary due to an increased terrorist threat and growing organized crime in the Western Balkans.
Slovenia also shares a 63.38-mile-long border with Hungary. The country's borders have been fluid throughout most of its history, and it gained independence in 1991, after which it bordered four countries: Italy, Croatia, Hungary, and Austria.
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Austria and Italy share a 251-mile-long border
Austria and Italy's border starts at the Italy-Switzerland-France tripoint on the summit of Mont Dolent and runs eastwards to the Austria-Switzerland-Italy tripoint near Piz Lad. The border passes through high-altitude regions, such as the High Alps, reaching elevations of 15,000 feet. It also traverses low-lying areas, including Lago Maggiore, 656 feet below sea level.
The border between Austria and Italy has been a site of tension in recent years due to the increased infiltration of illegal immigrants. In 2017, Austria deployed armoured carriers along sections of the border to control the flow of migrants, straining diplomatic relations between the two countries. This issue is not unique to the Austria-Italy border, as Austria has also constructed a fence near Spielfeld to manage migration from Slovenia.
The Austria-Italy border is significant in the context of the European migrant crisis, with both countries implementing measures to address the influx of illegal immigrants. Italy has introduced control of its shared state border with Slovenia, citing a changed security situation in Europe and the Middle East. These border controls impact the free movement of people within the Schengen Area, of which both Italy and Austria are a part.
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Hungary's border with Slovenia is 63.38 miles long
Hungary is a country located in Central Europe, in the Carpathian Basin. It is landlocked and predominantly flat, with about four-fifths of its terrain at elevations below 656 feet (200 meters). The country covers an area of 93,030 square kilometers (35,919 square miles) and has a total boundary length of 2,009 kilometers (1,248 miles).
Hungary shares its borders with several countries, including Austria, Croatia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Ukraine. Its longest border is with Slovakia, stretching for 515 kilometers (320 miles), while its shortest border is with Slovenia, spanning just 102 kilometers (63.38 miles).
The border with Slovenia is situated on the western edge of Hungary and was determined after the First World War. The two countries have a unique relationship due to their proximity and the presence of ethnic Slovenes in Hungary and ethnic Hungarians in Slovenia. They also have diplomatic missions within each other's borders, with embassies in their respective capitals and consulates in other cities.
The relationship between Hungary and Slovenia has historical roots, as both countries were once part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. This shared history has influenced the cultural and diplomatic ties between the two nations. The border between them is not just a physical separation but also a connection that has shaped their relationship over time.
In summary, Hungary's border with Slovenia is a relatively short 63.38 miles (102 kilometers) long. This border, situated on Hungary's western edge, is a product of post-World War I boundary determinations and has contributed to the unique relationship between the two Central European countries.
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Austria and Slovenia have a shared history
The country that borders Italy, Austria, Hungary, and Croatia is Slovenia.
In the 19th century, the territories regarded as part of the Slovene lands included the Slovene March in the Vas county of the Kingdom of Hungary, the Imperial Free City of Trieste, and northern Istria. The term "Slovenia" itself was coined in the early 19th century, likely by Slovene romantic nationalists. During this period, the first mentions of a common Slovene ethnic identity emerged, transcending regional boundaries.
In 1848, a mass political and popular movement for United Slovenia emerged within the Austrian Empire, demanding the unification of all Slovene-speaking territories into a single autonomous kingdom within the empire. While this project ultimately failed, it laid the foundation for Slovene political activity in the following decades. The introduction of a constitution granting civil and political liberties in the Austrian Empire in 1860 further bolstered the Slovene national movement.
The border between Austria and Slovenia has undergone changes throughout history. After World War I, Austria was forced to surrender territories to Italy, and the two countries signed a border treaty. Additionally, the region of Trieste, which borders both Italy and Slovenia, has been a source of territorial conflict between the two countries.
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Border controls between Italy and Slovenia were temporarily reinstituted
Italy shares land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, and Slovenia. In addition, two small enclaves, the Vatican and San Marino, are also surrounded by Italian territory. The country's border with Slovenia is the shortest, at 135 miles long, while the border with Switzerland is the longest, at 434 miles.
Historically, the region of Trieste has been a source of conflict between Italy and Slovenia. The area was once part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire but was occupied by Italy after World War II. Italy and Slovenia are both signatories of the Schengen Agreement, which allows for free movement across their shared border. However, in October 2023, Italy temporarily reinstated border controls with Slovenia, citing concerns about illegal migration and the heightened risk of terrorist attacks in Europe. This decision was made in agreement with the Slovenian government and communicated to European Union authorities.
The Italian government's statement referenced the intensification of crisis hotspots on Europe's borders, specifically mentioning the recent attack on Israel, which had increased the threat level of violent action within the Union. Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni took responsibility for the decision, stating that the suspension of the Schengen Treaty on free movement was necessary to ensure adequate security measures at the border. The controls were initially set to last until the end of October but were later extended into November, with the possibility of further extensions depending on evolving international scenarios.
Slovenia has also taken steps to address security concerns along its borders. On October 21, 2023, Slovenia reintroduced temporary controls on its internal Schengen borders with Croatia and Hungary. These measures were implemented in response to the increased terrorist threat and the growing scale of organized crime in the Western Balkans. Slovenian law enforcement is closely monitoring potential threats and factors that could contribute to an increase in violent extremism. The border controls will remain in force until June 21, 2025, and travellers are required to present valid travel documents when crossing the border.
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Frequently asked questions
Slovenia borders Italy, Austria, Hungary, and Croatia.
Slovenia has a population of approximately 2 million people.
Slovene is the official language of Slovenia.
