Lyla Lindsey
Dalmatia is a region of Croatia, comprising a central coastal strip and a fringe of islands along the Adriatic Sea. It was annexed by the Austrian Empire after the Napoleonic War of the First Coalition, when Napoleon Bonaparte compelled Emperor Francis II to make peace. In 1797, the Treaty of Campo Formio was signed, whereby Napoleon ceded the possessions of the Republic of Venice, including the Dalmatian coast, to the Austrian Empire. From the Middle Ages to the 19th century, Italian and Slavic communities in Dalmatia lived peacefully side by side. After World War I, the Austrian Empire disintegrated, and Dalmatia was split between the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, and the Kingdom of Italy.
Dalmatia, Austria
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Location | Region of Croatia, comprising a central coastal strip and a fringe of islands along the Adriatic Sea |
| Geography | The mainland has a greatest breadth of about 28 miles (45 km) and a total length of about 233 miles (375 km). The region is divided from the interior by the Dinaric Alps, with peaks ranging from 1,500 feet (450 meters) to more than 6,200 feet (1,900 meters). |
| Climate | Mild, with dry summers, abundant rain in autumn and winter, and very little snow |
| History | The first recorded inhabitants were Illyrians, followed by Greek settlers in the 4th century, and then the Romans in 229 BCE. It was ruled by the Republic of Venice from 1409 to 1797, then became part of Austria after the Napoleonic War of the First Coalition. It was a province of the Austrian Empire from 1815 to 1918, known as the Kingdom of Dalmatia. After World War I, it was split between the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia) and the Kingdom of Italy. |
| Language | Until 1909, both Italian and Croatian were recognized as official languages. After 1909, Italian lost its official status. |
| Economy | Agricultural, with a focus on olive trees, vegetables, and vineyards for wine production. There are also deposits of bauxite and limestone. |
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What You'll Learn
- The Kingdom of Dalmatia was a province of the Austrian Empire from 1815 to 1918
- Dalmatia was annexed to the Austrian Empire after the fall of Napoleon in 1814
- Dalmatia was a strategic region during World War I that both Italy and Serbia intended to seize from Austria-Hungary
- The Republic of Venice controlled most of Dalmatia from 1409 to 1797
- Dalmatia was granted to the Emperor of Austria at the Congress of Vienna in 1815
The Kingdom of Dalmatia was a province of the Austrian Empire from 1815 to 1918
Dalmatia has a rich history, dating back to classical antiquity when it was inhabited by an Illyrian tribe called the Dalmatae. It later became a Roman province, and a Romance culture emerged, along with the now-extinct Dalmatian language. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Dalmatia was ruled by Odoacer and then Theodoric. During the Middle Ages, it was often conquered by or switched allegiance between various kingdoms in the region. From the Middle Ages to the 19th century, Italian and Slavic communities in Dalmatia lived peacefully side by side, as they lacked a genuine national identification, instead generically defining themselves as "Dalmatians" of "Romance" or "Slavic" culture.
In the 9th century, the Republic of Venice began to extend its dominion to Istria, the islands of Kvarner, and Dalmatia, which it fully controlled from 1409 to 1797 as part of its State of the Sea. However, Venice had already controlled several coastal towns and islands since the year 1000. In 1797, with the Treaty of Campo Formio, the Republic of Venice was dissolved, and its territories, including the Dalmatian coast, were ceded to the Habsburg Monarchy. In 1805, under the Treaty of Pressburg, Austria ceded Dalmatia to Napoleon, but it was returned to the Austrian Empire after Napoleon's fall in 1814.
During World War I, Dalmatia was a strategic region that both Italy and Serbia intended to seize from Austria-Hungary. Italy joined the Triple Entente Allies in 1915, agreeing to the Treaty of London, which guaranteed Italy the right to annex a large portion of Dalmatia. However, after the Austro-Hungarian defeat in World War I, the Austrian Empire disintegrated, and Dalmatia was split between the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (later the Kingdom of Yugoslavia) and the Kingdom of Italy, which held several smaller parts, including the islands of Lastovo and Palagruza. Thus, the Kingdom of Dalmatia ceased to exist as a province of the Austrian Empire in 1918.
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Dalmatia was annexed to the Austrian Empire after the fall of Napoleon in 1814
Dalmatia is a region in Croatia, comprising a central coastal strip and a fringe of islands along the Adriatic Sea. The region's principal cities include Zadar, Split, Šibenik, Dubrovnik, Trogir, Korčula, and Kotor.
In 1805, under the Treaty of Pressburg, Austria ceded Dalmatia to Napoleon, who annexed it to his client state, the Kingdom of Italy. In 1808, Napoleon dissolved the Dubrovnik Senate and abolished Dubrovnik's independence, including the area in his Kingdom of Italy. In 1809, the War of the Fifth Coalition broke out, and Austrian forces retook Dalmatia. However, this was short-lived, as Austria soon ceded a number of additional provinces north of Dalmatia to France, and Napoleon removed Dalmatia from his Kingdom of Italy, creating the Illyrian Provinces.
In 1813, the Austrian Empire declared war on France and took control of the Illyrian provinces, including Dalmatia, with the support of the local clergy and people, who welcomed them as liberators. This takeover was easily accomplished by General Franjo Tomašić and his troops of 2,900 Croatian soldiers. After the surrender of Zadar in December 1813, General Todor Milutinović led a military campaign to take over Dubrovnik, succeeding on January 27, 1814, and the Bay of Kotor by June 1814. Thus, Dalmatia was again subordinated to Vienna, which was confirmed at the 1815 Congress of Vienna. From 1815 to 1918, the region was a province of the Austrian Empire known as the Kingdom of Dalmatia.
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Dalmatia was a strategic region during World War I that both Italy and Serbia intended to seize from Austria-Hungary
Dalmatia is a region in Croatia, comprising a central coastal strip and a fringe of islands along the Adriatic Sea. The region's economy is mainly agricultural, with olive trees, vegetables, and vines being the most prominent. The area also has deposits of bauxite and limestone.
Dalmatia was a highly sought-after region during World War I, with Italy and Serbia intending to seize it from Austria-Hungary. The region's strategic importance was recognised by all three countries. Italy, in particular, joined the Triple Entente Allies in 1915, after agreeing to the Treaty of London, which guaranteed Italy the right to annex a large portion of northern Dalmatia in exchange for its participation on the Allied side. This treaty caused significant embitterment during the peace settlement negotiations.
The Italian nationalist Gabriele d'Annunzio supported the seizure of Dalmatia and proceeded to the city of Zadar in an Italian warship in December 1918. In 1918, Admiral Enrico Millo even declared himself the Italian governor of Dalmatia. By the end of hostilities in November 1918, Italian forces had seized control of the entire portion of Dalmatia that had been guaranteed to them by the Treaty of London.
After World War I, the region was split between the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (later the Kingdom of Yugoslavia), which controlled most of it, and the Kingdom of Italy, which held several smaller parts, including the islands of Cres, Lošinj, and Lastovo. Thus, Dalmatia mostly stayed Yugoslav. However, Italian irredentists continued to lay claim to all of Dalmatia, and in 1927, Italy signed an agreement with the Croatian Ustaše organisation, which promised to cede additional territory in Dalmatia to Italy in exchange for renouncing all Croatian claims to certain other areas.
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The Republic of Venice controlled most of Dalmatia from 1409 to 1797
Dalmatia is a historical region located in modern-day Croatia and Montenegro, on the eastern shore of the Adriatic Sea. The Republic of Venice controlled most of Dalmatia from 1409 to 1797.
In 1409, during the 20-year Hungarian civil war between King Sigismund and the Neapolitan House of Anjou, the losing contender, Ladislaus of Naples, sold his rights on Dalmatia to the Venetian Republic for a meagre sum of 100,000 ducats. By 1420, the Republic of Venice controlled the coastal part of Dalmatia and the islands, with the southern enclave, the Bay of Kotor, being called Venetian Albania. This marked the beginning of a 377-year rule over the region by the Venetians.
During this period, Venetian Dalmatia experienced a time of economic and cultural growth, with the re-establishment of trade and exchange with the hinterland. The influence of the Italian Renaissance also spread to the region, with artists and architects introducing new forms that were eagerly imitated and developed by their local counterparts.
However, the Venetians also engaged in warfare against the Turks, and the fall of the Hungarian-Venetian border in Dalmatia brought them into direct contact with the Ottoman Empire. Despite this, Venetian Dalmatia reached its greatest extent in 1718 with the Treaty of Passarowitz, which expanded their possessions in the region.
In 1797, the Republic of Venice fell to the forces of Napoleon Bonaparte, bringing an end to their rule in Dalmatia. The region was then briefly incorporated into the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy before being granted to the Austrian Empire by the Congress of Vienna in 1815, where it became known as the Kingdom of Dalmatia.
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Dalmatia was granted to the Emperor of Austria at the Congress of Vienna in 1815
Dalmatia is a historical region located in modern-day Croatia and Montenegro, on the eastern shore of the Adriatic Sea. It is a narrow belt stretching from the island of Rab in the north to the Bay of Kotor in the south. Seventy-nine islands (and about 500 islets) run parallel to the coast, the largest (in Dalmatia) being Brač, Pag, and Hvar. The largest city is Split, followed by Zadar, Šibenik, and Dubrovnik.
The history of Dalmatia dates back to the Illyrians, from whom the name is believed to originate. The Greeks began settling in the region in the 4th century, followed by the Romans, who established the Roman province of Dalmatia, covering the Dinaric Alps and most of the eastern Adriatic coast. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Dalmatia was ruled by Odoacer and later by Theodoric. The region then became a part of the Eastern Roman Empire, also known as the Byzantine Empire.
During the Middle Ages, the cities and lands of Dalmatia were often conquered or changed allegiance, falling under the rule of various kingdoms in the region. In 1102, the medieval Kingdom of Croatia, which included most of Dalmatia, entered a personal union with Hungary. The Republic of Venice gained control of Dalmatia in 1409, and it remained under Venetian rule until 1797, with the Venetians engaging in warfare against the Turks during this period.
In 1797, the Treaty of Campo Formio was signed between the French First Republic and the Habsburg Monarchy, resulting in Venetian territories, including Dalmatia, being ceded to Austria. However, in 1805, under the Treaty of Pressburg, Austria ceded Dalmatia to Napoleon. Following Napoleon's fall, Dalmatia was returned to the Austrian Empire and remained an Austrian crown land until 1918.
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Frequently asked questions
Dalmatia is not in Austria, it is a region of Croatia, comprising a central coastal strip and a fringe of islands along the Adriatic Sea.
Yes, Dalmatia was annexed to the Austrian Empire after the fall of Napoleon in 1814. It remained an Austrian crownland until 1918.
The first recorded inhabitants of Dalmatia were Illyrians around 1000 BCE. The Greeks began to settle there from the 4th century BCE, founding several colonies on the islands, and a few towns on the mainland coast. The Greeks, opposed by the Illyrians, appealed to the Romans for help, and a long series of Roman-Illyrian wars began in 229 BCE. The fall of the Dalmatian capital, Delminium, in 155 BCE brought Roman civilization to the country.
