Ruqayyah Snyder
Austria and Hungary are neighbouring countries in Central Europe. Austria, officially the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, of which the capital, Vienna, is the most populous city and state. The greater part of Austria lies in the cool/temperate climate zone, where humid westerly winds predominate. With nearly three-quarters of the country dominated by the Alps, the alpine climate is predominant. Austria is bordered by Germany to the northwest, the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia to the northeast, Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. Hungary, officially known as Magyarorszag by Hungarians, is also a landlocked country in Central Europe with a population of 10 million, 2 million of whom live in the capital city, Budapest.
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What You'll Learn
- Austria is a semi-presidential representative democracy with a popularly elected president
- Austria is landlocked and located in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps
- Austria's neighbours include Germany, the Czech Republic, and Hungary
- Austria has a population of around 9 million people
- Hungary is located in Central Europe and has a population of 10 million
Austria is a semi-presidential representative democracy with a popularly elected president
Austria is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, of which the capital, Vienna, is the most populous city and state. Austria is bordered by Germany to the northwest, the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia to the northeast, Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The country occupies an area of 83,879 square kilometres (32,386 sq mi) and has a population of around 9 million.
The Austrian parliament consists of two chambers: the National Council (Nationalrat) and the Federal Council (Bundesrat). The National Council is the predominant chamber, with 183 members elected for a five-year term by proportional representation. To be represented in the National Council, a party needs to either win at least four percent of votes across the nation or win a seat (Direktmandat) in one of the 43 regional constituencies. The Federal Council consists of 62 members and is less powerful. Its members are selected by the state legislatures (Landtage).
Austria has been a member of the United Nations since 1955 and of the European Union since 1995. It hosts the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) and the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and is a founding member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and Interpol.
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Austria is landlocked and located in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps
Austria, officially the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in Central Europe, nestled in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, with Vienna serving as both the capital city and the most populous state. Austria's landscape is characterised by mountains and forests, with the Alps dominating the country and shaping its geography and climate.
Austria's position in Central Europe places it at the crossroads of eastern and western Europe along the Danubian trade route and between the north and south through the Alpine passes. This strategic location has contributed to the country's prominence and has embedded it within diverse political and economic systems. The Danube River, which flows through Austria, is the only major European river flowing eastwards, providing an important inland waterway connecting the North Sea to the Black Sea.
Austria's neighbours include Germany to the northwest, the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia to the northeast, Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The country covers an area of approximately 83,871 to 83,879 square kilometres (32,383 to 32,386 square miles) and has a population of around 9 million people.
The Austrian climate is largely cool and temperate, with the Alpine climate being the most prevalent due to the country's mountainous terrain. While winters can be very cold, summers can be relatively warm, with average temperatures in the mid-20s and a record high of 40.5°C (105°F) in August 2013. The Austrian Alps can be subdivided into northern and southern limestone ranges, composed of rugged mountains, with a softer central range separating them.
Austria's history has been influenced by various ruling dynasties, notably the Habsburgs until World War I. The country has a semi-presidential representative democracy with a popularly elected president and a chancellor as the head of government. It is a member of the United Nations, the European Union, and other international organisations, contributing to peace and security initiatives worldwide.
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Austria's neighbours include Germany, the Czech Republic, and Hungary
Austria, officially the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by several countries, including Germany, the Czech Republic, and Hungary.
Germany lies to the northwest of Austria, sharing a border of 815 km (506 mi). Historically, the two countries have had close ties, with a common language and cultural exchange. Germany and Austria were part of the Holy Roman Empire, and later the Austrian Empire, until its dissolution after World War I. Today, Germany remains one of Austria's most important trading partners, and the two countries maintain strong economic and political relations within the European Union.
The Czech Republic borders Austria to the north, with a shared boundary of 466 km (289 mi). The Czech Republic and Austria have a long history of interaction, with the Habsburg Monarchy ruling over both territories for centuries. The two countries enjoy amicable relations, cooperating in areas such as trade, tourism, and cultural exchange. The border between them is one of the busiest in Europe, with frequent movement of people and goods.
Hungary is to the east of Austria, and the two countries share a border of 366 km (227 mi). Historically, Austria and Hungary were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until its collapse after World War I. Today, they maintain friendly relations, with Hungary being a significant trading partner for Austria. The proximity of Budapest and Vienna, the two countries' capitals, has also fostered cultural and economic ties.
In addition to these three neighbours, Austria also shares borders with Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Italy, Slovenia, and Slovakia. The country's geographic position at the heart of Europe has been a contributing factor to its prominence, facilitating trade and cultural exchange. Austria's foreign policy prioritises relations with its neighbouring countries, and it actively participates in regional cooperation initiatives and organisations, such as the European Union and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).
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Austria has a population of around 9 million people
Austria, officially the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Germany to the northwest, the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia to the northeast, Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The country has a population of around 9 million people, with its capital, Vienna, being the most populous city and state. The population density in Austria is 111 per square kilometre (286 people per square mile), and the median age is 43.6 years.
Austria's population is spread across 3.99 million private households, with around 135,000 people living in institutional households, most of which are retirement homes. The country has a semi-presidential representative democracy with a popularly elected president as head of state and a chancellor as head of government and chief executive. It has high standards of living, with the 13th highest nominal GDP per capita globally.
Austria's population comprises approximately 5.93 million people aged 15 to 64, and about 1.72 million aged 65 or older. The proportion of the population aged 65 and above is increasing as the Baby Boom Generation reaches retirement age. The population of working-age people is ageing, and Austria's population growth is attributed mainly to immigration. In recent years, the number of citizens with foreign citizenship has risen sharply, with 1.53 million foreign citizens residing in Austria as of 2021, accounting for 17.1% of the total population.
Austria's total land area covers 82,409 square kilometres (31,818 square miles), with nearly three-quarters of the country dominated by the Alps. The country experiences a cool/temperate climate, with relatively high summer temperatures and very cold winters. The Austrian landscape is characterised by mountains and forests, with the Austrian Alps forming the country's physical backbone.
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Hungary is located in Central Europe and has a population of 10 million
Hungary is located in Central Europe, where it spans much of the Carpathian Basin. It is a landlocked country, bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and Slovenia to the southwest, and Austria to the west. Budapest is the country's capital and largest city, and the dominant cultural and economic centre. Hungary has a population of approximately 9.6 million people, consisting mostly of ethnic Hungarians and a significant Romani minority.
Hungary has a rich history, with various peoples settling in the territory of present-day Hungary before the foundation of the Hungarian state, including the Celts, Romans, Huns, Germanic peoples, Avars, and Slavs. Hungarian statehood is traced to the Principality of Hungary, which was established in the late 9th century by Álmos and his son Árpád through the conquest of the Carpathian Basin. King Stephen I ascended the throne in 1000 CE and converted his realm to a Christian kingdom. The medieval Kingdom of Hungary was a European power, reaching its height in the Late Middle Ages.
In the 16th and 17th centuries, Hungary faced a series of invasions and wars, including the Battle of Mohács in 1526, after which its capital, Buda, was captured in 1541. This marked the beginning of a period of division for the country, with parts falling under Ottoman or Habsburg rule. The Kingdom of Hungary was fully removed from Ottoman rule by 1718, and the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699 led to the reunification of most of Hungary under Habsburg rule.
In the 19th century, Hungary became a partner in the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, which was established in 1867 and lasted until the end of World War I in 1918. During this period, Hungary's economy modernised, with the development of railroads, the growth of cities, and the expansion of capitalist institutions. However, the Austro-Hungarian Empire also faced challenges, including contentious issues of language and ethnicity, as well as rivalry and tension with neighbouring Russia.
After World War I, Hungary lost 71% of its territory and a significant portion of its population due to the Treaty of Trianon in 1920. This event had a lasting impact on the country's collective psyche, known as "Trianon Syndrome". Today, Hungary is a high-income economy with universal healthcare and tuition-free secondary education. It is a popular tourist destination, attracting 24.5 million international visitors in 2019.
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Frequently asked questions
Austria is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, of which the capital, Vienna, is the most populous city and state.
Hungary is a country in Central Europe. Its capital city is Budapest, and the official language is Hungarian.
The capital of Austria is Vienna.
The capital of Hungary is Budapest.
The official language of Hungary is Hungarian, also known as Magyar.
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