Ruqayyah Snyder
Austria and Hungary are two landlocked countries in Central Europe. Austria is bordered by eight countries, including Hungary to its east. The capital of Hungary is Budapest, and the country is known as the Land of Magyars to its inhabitants.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Geographical location | Europe |
| Political status | Austria and Hungary were separate sovereign countries in international law |
| Union | Austria-Hungary was a dual monarchy and a union between Cisleithania (the northern and western parts of the former Austrian Empire) and Transleithania (Kingdom of Hungary) |
| Population | Third-most populous country in Europe and among the 10 most populous countries worldwide |
| Economy | The fourth-largest machine-building industry in the world, the third-largest manufacturer and exporter of electric home appliances, electric industrial appliances, and power generation apparatus for power plants |
| Capital | Budapest |
| Bordering countries | Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, and Austria |
| Geographical features | The Little Alfold (Little Hungarian Plain, or Kisalföld), the Great Alfold (Great Hungarian Plain, or Nagy Magyar Alföld), the Danube River, and Aggtelek National Park |
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What You'll Learn
Austria is landlocked and located in South-Central Europe
Austria is a landlocked country in South-Central Europe. It is a federal republic consisting of nine federal states, which are further divided into districts and statutory cities. Vienna, the country's capital and most populous city, is unique in that it is both a city and a federal state.
Austria is largely mountainous due to its location in the Alps. The Central Eastern Alps, Northern Limestone Alps, and Southern Limestone Alps are all partly in Austria. The country is also a land of lakes, with many of them being a legacy of the Pleistocene Epoch. The Alps serve as a watershed for Europe's three major kinds of weather systems that influence Austrian weather. The Atlantic maritime climate from the northwest is characterised by low-pressure fronts, mild air from the Gulf Stream, and precipitation. This weather system influences the northern slopes of the Alps, the Northern Alpine Foreland, and the Danube valley. The continental climate, which is characterised by low-pressure fronts with precipitation in summer and high-pressure systems with cold and dry air in winter, affects mainly eastern Austria. Mediterranean high-pressure systems from the south bring few clouds and warm air, influencing the weather of the southern slopes of the Alps and the Southeastern Alpine Foreland, making them the most temperate part of Austria.
Austria has a total area of 83,871 square kilometres (32,383 square miles), with only about a quarter considered low-lying, and only 32% of the country is below 500 metres (1,640 feet). The westernmost third of the country is a narrow corridor between Germany and Italy, while the rest of Austria lies to the east and has a maximum north-south width of 280 kilometres (170 miles). The country extends almost 600 kilometres (370 miles) in length, from Lake Constance on the Austrian-Swiss-German border in the west to the Neusiedler See on the Austrian-Hungarian border in the east.
Austria shares national borders with Switzerland, the Principality of Liechtenstein, Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, and Italy. The country's location has made it a centre of European traffic between east and west along the Danubian trade route and between north and south through the Alpine passes.
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Hungary is also landlocked and found in Central Europe
Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe, bordered by Slovakia to the north, Romania to the east, Serbia to the south, Croatia and Slovenia to the southwest, and Austria to the west. The country has a population of around 9.7 million people and a total area of 93,030 square kilometres (35,920 sq mi), making it one of the larger countries in the European Union in terms of land area.
The history of Hungary is long and complex, with the region being inhabited by various tribes and empires throughout the centuries. In the 9th century, Hungarian tribes settled in the Carpathian Basin and established the Principality of Hungary, which later became the Kingdom of Hungary. The kingdom was influential in the region, with its kings meeting with neighbouring countries to discuss politics and commerce in the 14th century, inspiring the post-Cold War Visegrád Group.
Hungary has a diverse geography, with mountains, plains, and lakes. The country can be divided into three main geographical regions: the Great Plain, which covers around half of the country and is mostly flat; the Transdanubian Medium Mountains, which are hilly and forested; and the Alps, which include the highest peaks in the country.
Budapest is the capital and largest city of Hungary, and it serves as the country's administrative, political, economic, trade, and cultural hub. The city was formed in 1873 through the merger of Buda, Óbuda (Ancient Buda), and Pest, which is now the country's main hub for commerce, finance, media, and culture.
Hungary has a rich cultural heritage that reflects its location at the crossroads of Central Europe and its history as part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The country has a unique language, Hungarian, which is part of the Uralic language family and is distinct from the languages spoken in neighbouring countries.
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Vienna is Austria's largest city
Austria-Hungary was the official designation of the territories ruled by the Habsburg monarchy. It was the second-largest country in Europe geographically and the third most populous. The empire comprised the Empire of Austria and the Kingdom of Hungary, which were separate sovereign countries in international law.
The Austrian and Hungarian states were co-equal in power and conducted unified policies in defence and diplomacy. The official name of the state was the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, though in international relations, it was simply called Austria-Hungary. The two countries shared a central bank, the Austro-Hungarian National Bank, with principal offices in both Vienna and Budapest.
Vienna also had a large Jewish community before World War I, with Jews making up nearly 18% of the reserve officer corps in the Austrian-Hungarian army.
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Budapest is the capital of Hungary
Budapest played a pivotal role in the country's struggle for independence and modernisation in the 19th century, serving as the focal point of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. The city's strategic location on ancient trade routes and its dynamic cultural scene have contributed to its growth and influence. As the political, administrative, industrial, and commercial centre of Hungary, Budapest is home to approximately one-fifth of the country's population, making it the tenth-largest city in the European Union by population within city limits.
The city boasts a diverse cultural landscape, having welcomed waves of migrating ethnic groups over the centuries, including Turks, Germans, Slavs, Jews, and Roma. This cultural melting pot has shaped Budapest's unique character and vibrant atmosphere. The city is known for its stunning architecture, including the Neo-Gothic Hungarian Parliament, the State Opera House, and the Chain Bridge linking Buda and Pest. Budapest also offers a range of attractions, such as the famous thermal baths, the Buda Castle Quarter, Andrássy Avenue, St. Stephen's Basilica, and the Great Market Hall.
As the financial centre of Hungary, Budapest is home to important institutions such as the European Institute of Innovation and Technology, the European Police College, and the headquarters of the China Investment Promotion Agency. The city has a strong presence in various sectors, including commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment. Budapest's stock exchange, established in 1864, was the first in the Kingdom of Hungary, and the city played a significant role in the country's industrialisation and economic growth.
Budapest has left its mark on the world, offering a unique blend of history, culture, and innovation. Its resilience and adaptability have shaped it into the thriving capital it is today, contributing significantly to Hungary's social, economic, and cultural landscape.
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Both countries are bordered by Slovakia
Austria and Hungary are two landlocked countries in Central Europe. Austria is pear-shaped and is bordered by several countries, including Germany, Italy, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein to the west, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the north, and Hungary, Slovenia, and Italy to the south. The country is strategically located at the crossroads of central Europe, and its landscape is largely defined by the Alps and the Danube. The latter, which runs through the country from west to east, has historically been an important avenue of east-west transit.
Hungary shares borders with Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, and Austria. The country's modern borders were established after World War I, when, by the terms of the Treaty of Trianon in 1920, it lost more than 71% of its land. The country's landscape is characterised by several moderately high mountain ranges, including Alpokalja, the Transdanubian Mountains, Mecsek, and the North Hungarian Mountains. The Great Alföld covers most of central and southeastern Hungary, and the Little Alföld or Little Hungarian Plain is a plain of fertile soil that spans northwestern Hungary, southwestern Slovakia, and eastern Austria.
Austria and Hungary share a 331 km (205 mi) border. The border can be crossed at several points, including through the highways that run through the passes in the Austrian Alps. The Semmering Pass, for example, connects the Vienna Basin with the Mürz and Mur valleys, providing access to Styria and, via Carinthia, to Italy. The Tauern Pass in the Central Alps provides access to the Mur Valley in Styria and the Drau Valley in Carinthia. The most important pass in the Austrian Alps is the Brenner Pass on the Austrian-Italian border.
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Frequently asked questions
Austria and Hungary are both landlocked countries in Central Europe. Austria is bordered by eight countries: the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Italy, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and Germany. Hungary's capital is Budapest, and the country is bordered by Slovakia, Austria, Slovenia, Romania, Ukraine, Serbia, and Croatia.
Austria is a mountainous country with dozens of lakes, especially in the south and to the immediate east of Salzburg. The largest lake in the country is Lake Neusiedler, which is also the lowest point in Austria at 115.45m (378.8 ft) above sea level. The country's highest point is 3,798m (12,460 ft) above sea level. The Danube is the most significant river in the country and is the second-longest river in Europe.
The Great Alfold covers most of central and southeastern Hungary and is characterised by lowlands and plains. The lowest point in Hungary is 78m (256 ft) above sea level, located on the southern edge of Szeged along the Tisza River. Hungary has natural resources of fertile soils and arable land, as well as fossil fuels such as coal and natural gas.
