Leslie Massey
Persimmons, or *Diospyros kaki*, are deciduous trees that produce sweet, juicy, and versatile fruit. They have been grown in Australia for decades, often as decorative trees in home gardens. Persimmon trees can grow anywhere in Australia, from subtropical to cold temperate climates, and they are particularly well-suited for backyards as they don't grow too big. They require adequate water, protection from frost, and an open, sunny position. Commercial production of persimmons in Australia is currently confined to regions around Sydney, but they can also be grown from seeds at home.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Commercial production location | Regions around Sydney, e.g. along the Nepean River |
| Growers | Home gardens, farmers markets |
| Season | Late February to mid-June (Autumn–Winter) |
| Tree size | 6–14 metres high |
| Fruit colour | Orange |
| Foliage colour | Yellow-orange |
| Soil type | Slightly acidic loam with good drainage |
| Climate | Subtropical to cold temperate |
| Watering | Regular and deep in spring and early summer |
| Sunlight | Full sun in an open, sunny position |
| Fertiliser | General fruit tree fertiliser in spring and autumn |
| Pruning | After fruiting to remove dead wood |
| Protection | From strong wind and frost |
| Netting | Required due to attractiveness to flying foxes and parrots |
| Queensland fruit fly | Control program may be necessary |
| Seed planting | In a tall pot with good drainage |
| Seedling transplant | To the garden after one year |
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What You'll Learn
Persimmons can be grown from seeds
Persimmons have been grown in Australia for decades, and they are particularly prevalent in regions around Sydney, such as along the Nepean River. While persimmon trees can be purchased from nurseries, it is possible to grow them from seeds.
Before planting persimmon seeds, they must undergo a process called stratification. In nature, persimmon seeds fall to the ground with the fruit and remain dormant through the winter until spring, when they finally germinate. To replicate this process, one can sow seeds directly into the ground or in a nursery bed in the fall. For smaller quantities of seeds, the refrigerator method can be utilised. This involves cleaning the seeds and storing them in a medium such as peat until they are ready to be planted.
Once the seeds have been prepared, they can be soaked in water until they develop roots and shoots. At this stage, they can be transferred to soil. However, it is important to note that persimmons grown from seeds may not be true to type. While you may get persimmons that resemble the parent tree, there is also a chance that the resulting fruit could be very different in taste, size, and texture. Additionally, there is a possibility that the tree may not produce much fruit at all, and it can take seven to eight years for a seed-grown persimmon tree to bear fruit.
Despite the potential challenges, growing persimmons from seeds can be a rewarding process. Seed propagation is a cost-effective method, particularly for those aiming to plant a large number of trees for wildlife or orchard purposes. With proper care and patience, it is possible to successfully grow persimmon trees from seeds and eventually enjoy the fruit they produce.
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Persimmon trees grow 6-14m tall
Persimmon trees are commonly grown in Australia, with commercial production occurring in regions around Sydney, such as along the Nepean River. The sweet persimmon variety, introduced to Australia in the late 1970s, now accounts for over 90% of production. Persimmon trees can reach impressive heights, typically growing between 6 and 14 metres tall (20 to 45 feet).
The American persimmon tree, for example, can grow up to 18 metres (60 feet) tall, although it usually doesn't exceed 6 metres (20 feet). The height of these trees is characterised by thin trunks and branches with grey-brown bark that resembles reptile scales. The oval leaves are about 15 centimetres (6 inches) long and grow alternately down the stems.
Persimmon trees can also be found in home gardens, often grown for decorative purposes. These trees require little fertiliser or water once established, but benefit from occasional watering for higher-quality fruit production. While some people choose not to prune their persimmon trees, doing so can help manage their growth and prevent branch breakage from heavy fruit loads.
In terms of fruit production, persimmon trees can be prone to alternate bearing. This means they may produce a heavy fruit set one year, followed by a less abundant yield the next. To mitigate this, gardeners can 'thin' the fruit by selectively picking off some of the young fruits or lightly pruning the tree after a season of low fruit production.
Persimmon trees are dioecious, meaning they have male and female trees, requiring both for pollination and fruit production. These trees provide important sources of food for mammals and birds, and their flowers are a rich source of nectar for various bee species.
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Persimmons grow in a range of Australian climates
Persimmons, or *Diospyros kaki*, can be grown in a range of Australian climates, from subtropical to cold temperate. The versatile fruit is native to East Asia but has been grown in Australia for decades, primarily as a decorative tree in home gardens.
The persimmon tree is a hardy and adaptable tree that produces an abundant amount of sweet, juicy fruit. It is a deciduous tree, growing up to 6–14 metres high, with bright orange fruit and vibrant yellow-orange foliage in autumn. Persimmons can be grown from seeds or grafted trees purchased from nurseries. They prefer an open, sunny position and well-drained, slightly acidic loam with plenty of organic matter and mulch.
In terms of climate, persimmon trees require adequate water, particularly during the summer when the fruit is forming. In colder areas, they need protection from early frosts, and in warmer, subtropical regions, non-astringent varieties are more suitable as they require a warm autumn for their fruit to ripen. Persimmon trees are susceptible to pests such as flying foxes, parrots, and the Queensland fruit fly, so netting and control programs may be necessary.
Persimmons are typically in season from late February to mid-June (autumn to winter) in Australia, and the sweet, non-astringent varieties now account for over 90% of production. They can be enjoyed fresh, frozen, dried, cooked, or used for wine or vinegar.
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Persimmon trees need protection from frost
Persimmons have been grown in Australia for decades, mostly as decorative trees in home gardens. Commercial production is now largely confined to regions around Sydney, such as along the Nepean River.
Persimmon trees, particularly the Fuyu Jiro variety, need protection from frost. As winter approaches, it is crucial to monitor the weather conditions closely. If temperatures are expected to drop below 20°F (-6°C), it is recommended to bring the tree indoors to protect it from frost damage. Indoors, the tree should be placed near a south-facing window to maximise sunlight exposure, and the temperature should be maintained between 60°F to 70°F (15°C to 21°C) to replicate its natural habitat.
To protect persimmon trees from frost damage while they are outdoors, it is essential to provide extra insulation and shelter. Mulching, for example, can be employed by applying a thick layer of organic mulch around the base of the tree. This method helps insulate the roots and maintain soil temperature during winter dormancy. Additionally, covering the tree with frost cloths, burlap, or tarps during extreme cold snaps provides an extra layer of protection.
Planting the tree in a sheltered location is also beneficial, as it reduces wind exposure and enhances frost resilience. As the weather gets colder, it is important to adjust the watering schedule. The tree requires less water during dormancy, and over-saturation should be avoided to prevent yellowing leaves or root rot. Instead, the soil should be kept slightly moist, and fertilisation should be avoided until spring to prevent unnecessary stress on the tree.
As winter ends and temperatures rise, the Fuyu Jiro persimmon tree will begin to show signs of life, such as bud swelling and new growth. At this point, light pruning can be performed to remove any dead or damaged branches. Fertilisation with a balanced fertiliser can then be carried out to support new growth, along with soil preparation to ensure well-aerated and nutrient-rich soil for the tree to thrive in the upcoming season.
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Persimmons are grown commercially near Sydney
Commercial persimmon production is largely confined to regions around Sydney, such as along the Nepean River, with much of the yield supplied to farmers' markets in the city. The season for persimmons in Australia typically falls between late February and mid-June (autumn to winter). During this time, visitors can enjoy the unique experience of harvesting their own persimmons at farms like Aviani and The Persimmon Place.
The Hills District, where these persimmon farms are located, benefits from a favourable climate and soil conditions that support the cultivation of this fruit. The region's elevation and proximity to Sydney also make it an ideal location for supplying the city's markets and consumers with fresh produce. Additionally, the area boasts rich, volcanic soil, which is well-drained and fertile, providing the perfect growing medium for persimmon trees.
Persimmon trees were initially grown in Australia as decorative plants in home gardens due to their attractive appearance and the astringent variety's unpalatable taste when eaten firm. However, with the introduction of the sweet persimmon variety in the late 1970s, commercial persimmon production gained momentum near Sydney. Today, the sweet persimmon accounts for over 90% of production and can be consumed either firm or soft.
In addition to the Hills District, there are other persimmon farms near Sydney, such as Sanctuary Farm at Mangrove Mountain, located just under 100km from the city. These farms contribute to the local economy and provide a source of fresh, pest-free produce for both consumers and businesses in and around Sydney.
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Frequently asked questions
Persimmons can be grown in a range of Australian climates, from subtropical to cold temperate. They are commonly grown in backyards across the country and commercially produced in regions around Sydney, such as along the Nepean River.
Persimmons prefer an open, sunny position and well-drained, compost-rich soil. While they can adapt to various climates, they require adequate water in inland areas and protection from strong winds and frosts in colder regions.
It is recommended to plant persimmon trees in winter while they are dormant.
Persimmon trees develop long roots quickly and can reach a height of 6-14 meters. Seedlings typically appear within 6-8 weeks, and after one year, the sapling can be transplanted into the garden.
Yes, there are two types of persimmon cultivars grown in Australia: astringent and non-astringent. Non-astringent varieties are more common, accounting for over 90% of production, as they can be eaten firm or soft.
