Bahrain Relocation: What Expats Should Know

Thinking of moving to Bahrain? There are a few things you should know. Firstly, it's hot. With year-round sunshine and a subtropical climate, temperatures can reach over 45°C during the summer months. So, make sure you're prepared for the heat!

Next, Bahrain is an island nation in the heart of the Persian Gulf, with a population of just over 1.3 million people. It's a constitutional monarchy with a diverse range of cultures and faiths, and Islam is the official religion. While Bahrain is a liberal state, it's important to respect local customs and religious practices, especially during Ramadan.

Arabic is the official language, but English is widely spoken, and road signs and businesses are usually bilingual. The currency is the Bahraini Dinar, and the time zone is Arabia Standard Time (GMT +3).

Most expats rent accommodation, as there are strict regulations on the properties that foreigners can buy. Purpose-built compounds are a popular choice, offering added benefits such as reception areas and onsite gyms, but they may lack cultural diversity. Urban areas offer a mix of people, nationalities, and cultures.

If you plan to work in Bahrain, you'll need a work visa sponsored by your employer. The working week usually runs from Sunday to Thursday or Saturday to Thursday, with Friday being the Muslim holy day.

Bahrain has excellent healthcare facilities, with both public and private options available. The education system includes international schools offering globally recognized qualifications.

So, if you're considering a move to Bahrain, be sure to do your research and prepare for a unique and exciting experience!

Climate: Temperatures can reach 45°C, and there's a lot of humidity.

Bahrain is known for its hot climate, with temperatures reaching as high as 45°C or even 50°C in the summer months of June to September. The heat, coupled with high humidity, can be challenging for those relocating to the country. However, buildings are generally air-conditioned, which provides some relief from the extreme temperatures.

The summer months in Bahrain are also characterised by dust and sandstorms, typically occurring in June and July due to north-westerly winds from Saudi Arabia and Iraq. These storms reduce visibility, making it unsafe to be on the road.

In contrast, the cooler months of December to March offer a reprieve from the heat, with temperatures averaging around 24°C.

The climate in Bahrain can be a shock to the system, especially for those relocating from cooler climates. It is recommended to give yourself time to adjust to the heat and take precautions to stay cool and hydrated.

The extreme temperatures in Bahrain have shaped the design of the country's buildings, with most featuring air conditioning to provide indoor comfort. Additionally, the country has one of the highest energy consumption rates worldwide, with a focus on keeping indoor spaces cool.

Overall, the climate in Bahrain is characterised by intense heat and humidity, with summer temperatures soaring above 40°C. This, combined with the humid air, can be a significant adjustment for newcomers, but with time, it is possible to acclimatise to the unique weather conditions of this Middle Eastern nation.

Visas and permits: Visas are needed for all visitors, and you'll need a residency visa and/or work permit to live and work in Bahrain.

All visitors to Bahrain require a visa, except for Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) nationals (Kuwait, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar). If you are not a citizen of one of these countries, you will need to apply for one of the following visas:

• Bahrain electronic visa: Available for tourism or business-related reasons, with a validity period ranging from 14 to 90 days for one or multiple entries. However, this visa does not permit employment.
• Embassy or consular visa: Nationals from countries that don't qualify for the electronic visa may need the sponsorship of a Bahraini citizen, travel agent, or company to obtain this type of visa. It is valid for one month and does not allow employment.
• Work visa: This visa is required for any type of employment in Bahrain. The permit is valid for one to two years and entitles the holder to residency. Employers usually handle the majority of the paperwork and application process.
• Family visa: Family members of workers will need a family visa or residence permit to live in Bahrain during the employment period. This visa does not permit them to work, unless they obtain a separate work visa.

To obtain a work visa in Bahrain, the following requirements must be met:

• The employee must have a valid passport for at least six months from the date of the permit issue.
• The employer must act as the sponsor and handle most of the application process.
• A completed visa application form, along with the employee's passport, passport-sized photograph, and other relevant documents, must be submitted.
• A sponsorship letter from the employer, including specific details such as the employee's name, birth date, nationality, and other information.
• A copy of the employment contract, clearly stating the employee's name, birth date, and nationality.
• A health record from an authorized clinic.
• Academic or professional qualifications for the position.

The Bahrain Labor Market Regulatory Authority (LMRA) is responsible for processing and issuing all visas before international workers arrive in the country. The typical processing time for a work visa is around 3 to 10 business days for applicants already in Bahrain and 18 to 25 business days for those located outside the country. The cost of a one-year work permit is BHD 172, while a two-year permit costs BHD 344.

Healthcare: Bahrain has excellent healthcare facilities, with access to top-class facilities and highly trained medical professionals.

Healthcare in Bahrain

Bahrain has excellent healthcare facilities, with access to top-class facilities and highly trained medical professionals. The country invests a lot in health, and this is reflected in the quality of care available.

Public and Private Healthcare

Foreigners moving to Bahrain can access both private and public healthcare services. The public health system is excellent, but there are often long lines and waiting lists for treatment. Expats often opt for private healthcare and health insurance, which can provide faster, more efficient care.

Medical Professionals

Medical professionals in Bahrain are highly trained and qualified. You will find a range of specialists, including Western expats offering services such as chiropractic, naturopathy, physiotherapy, and reflexology. There are also several Indian health centres providing alternative treatments and massages.

Prescription Medication

Taking prescription medication into Bahrain can be difficult and requires careful planning. For certain medications, such as sleeping pills and anti-depressants, you will need advance permission from the Ministry of Health, and you must carry your prescription with you. It is also important to note that importing prescription drugs is subject to approval by the Health Ministry, and they must be for your personal use only.

Vaccinations and Health Checks

Before moving to Bahrain, it is recommended that you see your doctor for a general health check-up and to ensure that you are up to date on all routine vaccinations. Additionally, hepatitis A and typhoid vaccinations are recommended for travel to Bahrain. Depending on your specific travel plans and health history, your doctor may also advise hepatitis B and rabies vaccinations.

Health Insurance

While not mandatory, health insurance is commonly held by expats in Bahrain. It can provide valuable peace of mind and access to faster treatment options, particularly for more expensive healthcare services such as dental care.

Social Insurance Tax

Although Bahrain does not have an income tax system, a "Social Insurance Tax" has been introduced, which amounts to only 1% of your gross salary per year. This is something to consider when planning your finances for a move to Bahrain.

Culture: As a Muslim society, it's important to respect local traditions and customs, especially during Ramadan.

Culture in Bahrain

As a Muslim society, Bahrain has a number of traditions and customs that you should be aware of and respect, especially during the holy month of Ramadan.

Religion

Islam is the official religion of Bahrain and plays a significant role in shaping citizens' personal, political, economic, and legal lives. The country is mostly made up of Shia Muslims (70%) but is led by a Sunni ruling family, which has caused conflict in the past.

Ramadan

During Ramadan, all Muslims must fast from dawn to dusk and are only permitted to work for six hours per day. This means abstaining from eating, drinking, smoking, and chewing gum in public. Expatriates are not required to fast, but it is respectful to refrain from these activities in public or in front of Muslim friends and colleagues.

Each night at sunset, families and friends gather to celebrate the breaking of the fast (iftar), and expats are encouraged to join in. Many businesses operate on reduced hours during this time, and shops may open and close at unusual times.

Greetings

When greeting someone, Bahrainis are enthusiastic and friendly. Smiling and direct eye contact are crucial. Men typically shake hands and kiss each other on the cheek, while women often hug and kiss close friends.

Gift-giving

Gift-giving is an important part of Bahraini culture, especially during Ramadan. If invited to a Bahraini home, bring a houseplant, a box of imported chocolates, or a small gift from your home country. Always give gifts with both hands, and do not offer alcohol.

Hospitality

Bahrainis are known for their generous hospitality, especially during meals. It is considered good manners to reciprocate any hospitality you receive. When dining, specific table manners are observed. If the meal is served on the floor, sit cross-legged or kneel on one knee. Only use your right hand to eat, as the left hand is considered unclean in Islamic culture.

Clothing

Traditional Bahraini clothing is modest and conservative. Men typically wear the thobe, a loose, ankle-length robe made from cotton or wool, along with a keffiyeh (a square scarf) and an agal (a thick black cord) to hold it in place. Women often wear the abaya, a long, black, long-sleeved gown, with a headscarf such as a hijab or nikab.

Food and Drink

Bahrain's culinary culture combines traditional dishes with outside influences. Iconic foods include machbous (a blend of meat or fish with rice) and muhammar (a sweet dish with dates). Arabian delicacies like falafel, shawarma, and savoury pastries are also popular.

Coffee, known as Gahwa, is a symbol of hospitality, and Sheesha (hookah) is commonly enjoyed in open-air coffee shops. During Ramadan, large family feasts are held, with traditional dishes such as biryani and harees.

Festivals

Bahrain hosts several festivals throughout the year, including:

• Garqee'an: A biannual celebration where children dress in traditional attire and go door-to-door to receive treats from neighbours.
• Eid al-Fitr: Marks the end of Ramadan with prayers, feasting, gift-giving, and social gatherings.
• Eid al-Adha: Commemorates Ibrahim's willingness to sacrifice his son and is celebrated with feasting and prayers.
• Bahrain Summer Festival: A summer festival showcasing cultural performances, music, dance, theatre, and art exhibitions.
• Bahrain International Music Festival: Musicians and performers from around the world showcase their talents in various genres.
• Spring of Culture Festival: A celebration of Bahrain's cultural heritage through art exhibitions, film screenings, literary readings, and live performances.

Social Structure

The extended family is the basis of both the social structure and individual identity in Bahrain. Loyalty to the family comes before other relationships, even business. Nepotism is viewed positively as it guarantees trustworthiness.

Women in Bahrain are more publicly active than in most Arab countries and have more rights. While some wear head coverings, many are not completely veiled. They are highly educated, well-represented in various professions, and about a quarter work outside the home. Women also have the right to vote.

Transport: Public transport is limited, so you may want to consider buying or renting a car

Transport in Bahrain

If you're planning on moving to Bahrain, it's worth noting that public transport is somewhat limited. The country's public transport system mostly consists of buses and taxis, with a monorail currently in the works. If you're staying for a longer period, you may want to consider buying or renting a car.

The major cities, such as Manama, have well-appointed bus routes, and you can also hire a private car through ride-sharing apps. However, if you're staying in a popular expat area like Juffair, you can get by without a car. This area is within walking or biking distance of amenities in the winter, and a cheap Uber ride away during the hotter months.

If you do decide to drive, be aware that traffic regulations are strict, and there is a zero-tolerance policy for drinking and driving or using your phone while driving. You can drive with an international license, but you'll need a local license if you have residency status.

Buying vs Renting a Car in Bahrain

If you're considering buying a car, be aware that the heat and dust may cause faster ageing of the vehicle. Registering a car is also slightly annoying, but not too difficult.

Renting a car is a more flexible option, especially if you're planning on staying for a shorter period. Monthly rentals tend to be more expensive but are a good short-term option.

Driving in Bahrain

Driving in Bahrain can be chaotic, and the local driving style may take some getting used to. The roads can be dangerous, with many expats reporting road rage due to extremely frustrating driving behaviours.

However, petrol is incredibly cheap in Bahrain due to heavy subsidies, so you won't spend much on filling up your tank.

Public Transport Options

If you decide not to drive, you can use buses, taxis, or hire a driver. The bus network was established in 2015 and currently covers 32 routes with 141 buses running daily. Fares vary according to distance, with a minimum charge of 200 fils per trip.

Transportation Network

Bahrain has an excellent road network, especially in the major cities, and all the main islands are connected by bridges. There is also a causeway linking Bahrain to the Saudi Arabian mainland via the island of Umm an-Nasan.

Additionally, Bahrain International Airport is a major air traffic hub in the Middle East, offering frequent connections to regional and international destinations.

While Bahrain has a functional public transport system, it may be limited for those wanting to explore the country more extensively. Therefore, buying or renting a car is a good option to consider, especially if you plan to stay for a longer period.

Frequently asked questions