Bahrain's Safety: A Current Perspective

Is Bahrain Safe to Visit?

Bahrain is a Middle Eastern archipelago in the Persian Gulf, neighbouring Saudi Arabia and Qatar. The country is known for its petroleum-based economy and its relaxed, cosmopolitan culture. It is generally considered safe to visit, with a low crime rate and rare instances of violent crime. However, it is important to remain vigilant, especially in crowded areas like markets and tourist sites, as petty theft and pickpocketing are common.

There is also a moderate risk of terrorism, with a history of attacks in the Gulf region. Additionally, civil unrest and political tension can lead to protests and demonstrations, which may turn violent. Visitors are advised to avoid large gatherings and follow local news and authorities' instructions.

When visiting Bahrain, it is essential to be respectful of local laws, customs, and religious sensitivities, especially during Ramadan. Dress conservatively, and be mindful of restrictions on food, drink, and smoking in public during this holy month. Overall, while Bahrain presents some safety concerns, staying informed, vigilant, and respectful can significantly reduce potential risks.

Crime and safety

The overall crime rate in Bahrain is low, but tourists should be vigilant as petty theft, including pickpocketing and bag/purse snatching, is common. To protect your belongings, you should:

• Be aware of your surroundings, especially in crowded public areas such as train stations, airports, and old market areas (souks).
• Keep your valuables close by.
• Keep your passport and other important documents secure at all times.
• Only use reputable taxi companies.
• Avoid travelling alone or at night in isolated places.

There is also a risk of burglary, so it is important to use your hotel safe for valuables and to check that your hotel room door locks securely.

Terrorism is a more serious threat in Bahrain. Terrorists are likely to try to carry out attacks and targets could include residential compounds, military, oil, transport and aviation interests, and public places such as restaurants, hotels, beaches, shopping centres, and mosques. Increased security measures are in place and may be reinforced at short notice. It is important to be vigilant and aware of your surroundings, particularly during high-profile events, and to avoid large demonstrations.

There is also a risk of civil unrest and political tension in Bahrain, with protests and demonstrations occurring regularly, particularly on evenings and weekends. These can turn violent, with participants throwing rocks, Molotov cocktails, and using makeshift explosive devices, and security forces responding with tear gas and stun grenades. Even peaceful demonstrations can turn violent without warning, so it is best to avoid all protests and follow the instructions of local authorities.

Women travelling alone may experience some forms of harassment and verbal abuse. Women have also been detained when reporting sexual assault as they must prove the sex was not consensual to avoid being charged under extramarital sex laws. It is advised that women travelling alone take extra precautions and consider avoiding travelling alone at night.

Terrorism threat

There is a high threat of terrorist attacks in Bahrain, with terrorists likely to try to carry out attacks in the country. While there were no successful terrorist attacks in 2020 and 2021, domestic security forces conducted numerous operations to preempt and disrupt attack planning. Terrorists have threatened to carry out attacks in the Gulf region, including Bahrain, targeting residential compounds, military, oil, transport, and aviation interests, as well as crowded public places such as restaurants, hotels, beaches, shopping centres, and mosques. These attacks could be indiscriminate and occur in places visited by foreigners.

In recent years, terrorists have killed and injured people in Bahrain, with targets including police and security services. Previous attacks using explosive devices in public places have resulted in casualties. For example, on 27 October 2017, Shia militants detonated an explosive device along a major highway, killing one officer and injuring eight others. Additionally, on 10 November 2017, an oil pipeline exploded in the village of Buri, although there were no reported casualties.

Bahraini authorities have thwarted several terrorist plots and arrested individuals for planning attacks. For instance, on 6 February 2021, security forces prevented a plot to detonate explosives at two National Bank of Bahrain ATMs. In September 2021, four individuals were arrested for setting fire to a Bahrain National Bank ATM, allegedly funded by the Iran-based al-Wafa group. Bahrain's government continues to prosecute and convict individuals on terrorism-related charges.

The country is a member of counter-terrorism initiatives and works closely with the United States and other allies to disrupt terrorist financing and improve security. Bahrain's National Counterterrorism Committee, chaired by the interior minister, aims to combat extremism, terrorism, and money laundering. The country also participates in the Defeat-ISIS Coalition's Counter-ISIS Finance Group and the Riyadh-based Terrorist Financing Targeting Center.

To enhance security, Bahrain has increased surveillance and security measures, particularly around potential targets such as government buildings, transportation hubs, and tourist areas. Authorities have advised the public to be vigilant and aware of their surroundings, especially in public places and during significant events. They have also warned residents and foreigners to avoid suspicious packages and objects.

Women's safety

Cultural Differences and Dress Code

Bahrain is a conservative society, and women are expected to dress modestly. Visitors should refrain from wearing tight or revealing clothing and should cover their shoulders, arms, and legs. Wearing sunglasses can help avoid eye contact, which may be considered inappropriate in some situations. It is also important to note that Bahrainis often dress conservatively in traditional attire, and dressing inappropriately or not in accordance with Islamic values may cause offence.

Women's Rights and Domestic Violence

There are issues relating to women's rights in Bahrain, and there are currently no laws specifically protecting women against domestic violence. Additionally, there have been reports of women being lured to Bahrain with promises of high-paying jobs, only to end up in prostitution or other forms of exploitation. Women looking for work in Bahrain should be cautious of offers that seem too good to be true and should be aware of the risks associated with certain industries, such as bar work and entertainment.

Solo Female Travellers

Women travelling alone in Bahrain may attract unwanted attention or harassment, as travelling alone is not culturally acceptable. To avoid questions and unwanted attention, some women choose to wear a fake wedding band or carry a photo of a "husband" or "children". It is important to remain vigilant and trust your instincts. If you feel unsafe, seek help from authorities or trusted individuals.

Political Unrest and Demonstrations

Bahrain is currently undergoing a period of political instability, and women travellers should avoid large demonstrations and protests. It is crucial to constantly be aware of your surroundings, especially when alone in crowds of demonstrators, as the situation can quickly turn violent. Fridays after midday prayers are potentially high-risk for demonstrations and civil disorder.

Safety Precautions

• Always carry photo identification, as it is required by law.
• Be mindful of religious festivals and events, particularly those in the Shia calendar, as they may trigger more demonstrations and riots.
• Avoid travelling alone at night, and try to stay in well-lit areas.
• Use reputable taxis or ride-sharing services to get around, especially after dark. There have been reports of unlicensed cab drivers harassing women.
• Keep valuables secure and out of sight, and consider using a money belt for passports and other important documents.
• Be cautious in old market areas (souks) and other tourist hotspots, as pickpocketing and bag snatching are common.
• Stay informed about the latest news and media reports, as the political situation in Bahrain can change rapidly.

Transport safety

Public transport buses are very limited in Bahrain. Visitors can drive using a foreign driver's license and an international driver's license for a certain period. The international license must be endorsed by the Bahraini traffic department or a car rental office. Driving is on the right-hand side of the road, and it is illegal to use a mobile phone while driving. Police can detain drivers for traffic violations.

It is advised to only use reputable, officially marked taxi companies, as there have been reports of unlicensed drivers harassing women at night. Unlicensed vehicles also tend to overcharge, not use meters, and be in poor driving condition.

There is a risk of piracy for anyone travelling by sea in the Gulf. Vessels entering Bahraini waters can be detained and inspected, and there have been occasional arrests. There is a curfew on the waterways around Bahrain between 6.30 pm and 4 am.

Bahrain International Airport is the country's biggest and busiest airport.

Natural disasters

Bahrain has been ranked as one of the safest places in the world, with a low risk of natural disasters. However, there are a few natural disasters that can occur in the region.

Droughts

Bahrain experiences periodic droughts.

Dust Storms

Sand and dust storms are common in Bahrain, especially during the summer months. These storms can cause respiratory problems and affect flights due to poor visibility.

Flooding

The rainy season in Bahrain extends from December to March, and it can lead to severe flooding. Flooding can disrupt overland travel and essential services, making roads impassable and damaging bridges.

Heatwaves

Bahrain often experiences extremely high temperatures, with temperatures above 50°C from June to August. Heatwaves can cause heat stroke and dehydration, so it is important to stay hydrated and avoid prolonged exposure to the heat.

Tsunamis

While the risk of tsunamis in Bahrain is very low, with a less than 2% chance of a potentially damaging tsunami in the next 50 years, it is still a potential natural disaster that could impact the country.

Frequently asked questions