Us States Bordering Manitoba And New Brunswick

Manitoba and New Brunswick are two of Canada's thirteen provinces that share a border with the United States. Located at Canada's longitudinal centre, Manitoba is bordered by the US states of Minnesota and North Dakota to the south. New Brunswick, on the other hand, shares its entire border with the state of Maine.

Minnesota and North Dakota border Manitoba

The US states of Minnesota and North Dakota border the Canadian province of Manitoba. The border between the US and Canada is the world's longest international boundary, stretching 5,525 miles (8,891 km) from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west.

Minnesota shares a 547-mile (880 km) border with the Canadian provinces of Manitoba and Ontario. Manitoba is located in the northwestern corner of Minnesota, while Ontario is to the north and northeast. The Red River, which flows northward through the Red River Valley, forms most of the border between Minnesota and North Dakota and continues into Manitoba. The river is about 885 kilometres (550 mi) long, of which about 395 kilometres (245 mi) are in the US and about 158 kilometres (98 mi) are in Canada. The river empties into Lake Winnipeg, whose waters join the Nelson River and ultimately flow into Hudson Bay.

North Dakota's 310-mile (499 km) northern border has 18 international ports of entry shared with the Canadian provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba. The most heavily used border crossings are at Pembina, Portal, Peace Garden, and Neche. These crossings are also major trucking portals between the US and Canada. The International Peace Garden Airport, located adjacent to the International Peace Garden, cuts across the national boundary.

Maine borders New Brunswick

The US state of Maine shares a border with the Canadian province of New Brunswick. Maine's border with New Brunswick is part of the Canada–United States border, which is the world's longest international boundary. Stretching for 5,525 miles (8,891 km), the boundary cuts across lakes, forests, glaciers, and towns.

Maine has 24 land border crossings along the 611 miles it shares with Quebec and New Brunswick. The most popular of these crossings are Madawaska Edmundston, Houlton Woodstock, and Calais St. Stephen. The other border crossings include Coburn Gore Woburn, Armstrong-Jackman Ste Theophile, Sainte Aurelie, Sainte Zacharie, St Juste, Saint Pamphile, Estcourt Station, Fort Kent Clair, St Leonard-Van Buren Bridge, Hamlin Grand Falls, Limestone Gillespie Portage, Fort Fairfield Perth-Andover, Easton River de Chute, Bridgewater Centreville, Monticello Bloomfield, Houlton Richmond Corner, Orient Fosterville, Forest City, Vanceboro Ste Croix, Milltown Saint Stephen, and Ferry Point Crossing Calais FDR Bridge.

Maine and New Brunswick were involved in territorial disputes over their shared boundary between 1838 and 1839. The dispute was formally ended by the Webster–Ashburton Treaty, which was signed by the United Kingdom and the United States in 1842.

New Brunswick has an ocean border in the Bay of Fundy

The Canadian province of New Brunswick shares a border with Quebec, Nova Scotia, and the US state of Maine. It has an ocean border on the Atlantic Ocean and the Bay of Fundy.

The Bay of Fundy is a bay between the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, with a small portion touching the US state of Maine. It is an arm of the Gulf of Maine and has the highest tidal range in the world. The name is probably derived from the French word "fendu", meaning "split". The powerful tides in the Bay of Fundy are due to tidal resonance in the funnel-shaped bay, with about 100 billion tonnes of water flowing in and out during a 12-hour tidal cycle. This is twice the combined total flow of all the rivers in the world over the same period.

The Bay of Fundy is known for its craggy cliffs, thundering waves, and ecological wonders. It offers a unique experience with its extreme tides, revealing boulders carved into dramatic shapes by centuries of water, such as the Hopewell Rocks. The bay also provides opportunities for kayaking and other water activities.

New Brunswick's ocean border in the Bay of Fundy is an important aspect of the province's geography and contributes to its natural wonders and ecological significance.

The Maine-New Brunswick border can be crossed by land or ferry

The Canadian province of Manitoba borders the US states of Minnesota and North Dakota. The US state of Maine, on the other hand, shares a border with the Canadian province of New Brunswick.

The MV Fundy Rose ferry sails across the Bay of Fundy between Digby, Nova Scotia, and Saint John, New Brunswick. The journey takes just over two hours.

Alternatively, travellers can opt for a high-speed ferry service. The CAT ferry operated by Bay Ferries connects Bar Harbor, Maine, to Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, in 3.5 hours.

For those looking to travel by bus, there is an option to take the bus from Moncton, New Brunswick, to Portland, Maine, with multiple transfers along the way. This journey takes approximately 11 hours and 49 minutes.

The US and Canada almost went to war over border disputes

The US and Canada share the longest international border in the world, stretching 5,525 miles (8,891 km) from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west. Despite this close proximity, the two countries have a long history of disputes over the border's demarcation, with several treaties signed to prevent armed conflict.

The Treaty of Paris (1783)

The boundary was established by the Treaty of Paris in 1783, following the American War of Independence. However, the United States and Canada differed on the demarcation of several locations, and almost engaged in armed conflict.

The Jay Treaty (1794)

The Jay Treaty of 1794 created the International Boundary Commission, which was responsible for surveying and mapping the boundary. It also provided for the removal of British forces from Detroit and other frontier outposts on the US side.

The Treaty of Ghent (1814)

The Treaty of Ghent in 1814 ended the War of 1812, returning the boundaries of British North America and the United States to their pre-war state.

The Rush-Bagot Treaty (1817)

The Rush-Bagot Treaty of 1817 laid out a plan for demilitarizing the two sides in the War of 1812 and established preliminary principles for drawing a border between British North America and the United States.

The Treaty of 1818 (London Convention)

The Treaty of 1818 expanded the boundaries of British North America and the United States westward along the 49th parallel. It extinguished British claims to the south of the 49th parallel in the Red River Valley and US claims to land north of the 49th parallel in the watershed of the Missouri River.

The Webster-Ashburton Treaty (1842)

Disputes over the interpretation of border treaties and surveying mistakes led to the Webster-Ashburton Treaty of 1842. This resolved issues such as the Aroostook War, a dispute over the boundary between Maine, New Brunswick, and the Province of Canada.

The Oregon Treaty (1846)

A boundary dispute during the Presidency of James K. Polk was resolved by the Oregon Treaty of 1846, which established the 49th parallel as the boundary through the Rocky Mountains.

The Treaty of 1908

In 1908, the United Kingdom and the United States agreed to survey and delimit the boundary using modern techniques, making several changes to the border.

Ongoing Border Disputes

Despite these treaties, some border disputes remain unresolved. Canada and the United States have one land dispute over Machias Seal Island off the coast of Maine, and four maritime disputes in the Arctic and Pacific.

One notable dispute is over Dixon Entrance, a passageway off the Alaskan coast between the Haida Gwaii archipelago and the southern tip of Alaska's Panhandle. This dispute centres around fishing rights, particularly the annual Pacific salmon run, which is a key industry in the Pacific Northwest. While Canada considers the A-B line to be the dividing line between the nations on land and at sea, the US declares that the decision only pertains to the land border, with the sea boundary falling 20km south, halfway across Dixon Entrance.

Another ongoing dispute is over the Strait of Juan de Fuca, where both countries declared fishing zones in 1977, using slightly different methods to define an equidistant water boundary. The two separate water areas in dispute amount to about 51.5 km2 (19.9 sq mi).

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