Ruqayyah Snyder
New Brunswick is part of the Appalachian region, one of Canada's seven physiographic regions. The province is largely dominated by mountains that are part of the Appalachian Range, which extend from the southeastern United States to the Gaspe Peninsula in Quebec, cutting through the western and northern portions of New Brunswick. The highest peak in the province, Mount Carleton, rises to 2,690 feet above sea level. The interior of the province features rolling hills and plateau landscapes, with forests covering approximately 80-85% of its landmass. New Brunswick's eastern and southern regions showcase extensive coastal plains, including the Acadian Peninsula, Chaleur Bay, and the Northumberland Strait. The Bay of Fundy, known for its record-breaking tides, defines the southern coastline of the province.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Location | Eastern Canada |
| Area | 72,908 sq. km or 28,150 sq. miles |
| Borders | Quebec to the north, Maine to the west, Nova Scotia to the east, and Prince Edward Island to the south |
| Topography | Rolling hills, Appalachian Mountains, coastal plains, tidal marshes, lowland plain |
| Highest Peak | Mount Carleton (809-820 m or 2,654-2,690 ft) |
| Rivers | Saint John, Petitcodiac, Miramichi, St. Croix, Restigouche, Meduxnekeag, Tobique, Oromocto, Kennebecasis, Salmon, Nepisiguit, etc. |
| Lakes | Grand, Oromocto, Chiputneticook, Magaguadavic, Washademoak, Belleisle, etc. |
| Climate | Humid continental, tempered by the ocean, mild winters and cool summers along the coast |
| Forests | 80%-85% forest cover, predominantly mixed-wood and softwood forests |
| Agriculture | 5% of the province is farmland, with the bulk of arable land in the Upper Saint John River Valley |
| Population | 775,000 people, making it the 8th most populous Canadian province |
| Administrative Divisions | 236 Local Service Districts, 104 municipalities, 12 Regional Service Commissions, 8 cities, 61 villages, 26 towns, 8 rural communities, 1 regional municipality |
What You'll Learn
The Appalachian Range
The Appalachian Mountains are divided into three large physiographic regions: northern, central, and southern. The northern division includes subranges such as the Notre Dame Mountains in Quebec, the Long Range on the island of Newfoundland, and the White Mountains in New Hampshire. The central region includes the Allegheny Mountains and the northern section of the Blue Ridge Mountains. The southern region includes the Unaka Mountains, the Black Mountains, and the Great Smoky Mountains.
The Appalachians are known for their heavily forested terrain and rugged hiking trails, with thousands of miles of hiking trails crisscrossing the range. The range is considered ancient, even by geologic standards, with its formation beginning around 480 million years ago. The mountains were created through a series of tectonic plate collisions and geological processes that shaped the landscape over millions of years.
The range is home to a diverse array of plant and animal life, with northern reaches exhibiting a mix of northern hardwood forests, wetlands, and coniferous forests. The southern and central regions are mostly part of the Appalachian-Blue Ridge forests ecoregion, known for its high biodiversity and a large number of endemic species.
The Appalachian Mountains have played a significant role in the settlement and development of North America, acting as a natural barrier between the eastern Coastal Plain and the Interior Lowlands. They influenced the expansion of the British colonies and continue to shape cultural identities in both Canada and the United States.
New Brunswick, a province in eastern Canada, is part of the Appalachian region. The northern reaches of the province are dominated by mountains that are an extension of the Appalachian Range, with Mount Carleton standing as the highest peak at 820 meters (2,690 feet). The landscape of New Brunswick is characterized by rolling hills, extensive coastal plains, and a network of rivers and lakes.
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The Bay of Fundy
The tidal range in the Bay of Fundy is approximately 16 metres (52 ft), whereas the worldwide average tidal range is only one metre (3.3 ft). Tides are semidiurnal, meaning they have two highs and two lows each day, with about six hours and 13 minutes between each high and low tide. The specific size and shape of the bay help create these extreme tides. Each day, 100 billion tons of seawater crash onto the shore, with water levels rising and falling by as much as 48 feet. Because of tidal resonance in the funnel-shaped bay, the tides that flow through the channel are incredibly powerful. In a single 12-hour tidal cycle, about 100 billion tonnes of water flow in and out of the bay, which is twice the combined total flow of all the rivers of the world over the same period.
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The Saint John River
The river also boasts a diverse ecology, with the middle section being the only place in Atlantic Canada where the Appalachian Hardwood Forest is found. This forest type, also known as the Saint John River Valley Hardwood Forest, has been reduced to less than one percent of its original land area due to human activities. The lower basin of the river consists of lakes, islands, wetlands, and a tidal estuary, contributing to the abundant freshwater resources of the province.
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The Acadian Peninsula
The peninsula has a rich history dating back to the Expulsion of the Acadians during the Gulf of St. Lawrence Campaign in 1758, when British personnel forcibly removed them from their homes in southern New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. The ancestors of those who stayed in Eastern Canada and hid in the woods make up the majority of the Acadian Peninsula's population today. The Acadian Village, a living museum, portrays the daily lives of the Acadians from 1770 to 1949, offering visitors a glimpse into the past.
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The Chaleur Bay
The Chaleur Region, nestled at the southernmost tip of Chaleur Bay, boasts a collection of vibrant coastal towns in northeastern New Brunswick. This region offers a plethora of outdoor activities, including hiking trails, snowmobiling, and kayaking. The dynamic rivers, countless warm beaches, and adventure-ready forests make it a sought-after destination for nature enthusiasts. The area is also known for its delicious seafood, burgeoning microbrewery industry, and multicultural entertainment, providing a well-rounded experience for visitors.
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Frequently asked questions
New Brunswick is in the Appalachian region, one of Canada's seven physiographic regions.
The Appalachian region is characterised by ancient, eroded mountains, river valleys, and low, gently rolling hills.
The other physiographic regions of Canada include the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Lowlands, the Canadian Shield, the Arctic Lands, the Interior Plains, and the Cordillera.
