Grabowiec Baworow Tarnopol: A Journey Through Time And Place

Grabowiec, Baworów, Tarnopol, and Austria have all been associated with the country of Ukraine. Tarnopol, now known as Ternopil, is a city in western Ukraine. It was founded in 1540 and was previously part of Poland, the Soviet Union, and Austria. Baworów, also known as Bavoriv, is a village in the Ternopil region of Ukraine. Grabowiec is a village in the Lviv Oblast of Ukraine.

Grabowiec, Poland

Grabowiec is a village in Zamość County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It is the seat of the administrative district called Gmina Grabowiec, lying approximately 24km (15 miles) northeast of Zamość and 84km (52 miles) southeast of the regional capital, Lublin.

Grabowiec is one of many places in Poland with the same name. Other instances include:

• Grabowiec in Szamotuły County, Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
• Grabowiec in Turek County, Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
• Grabowiec in Grudziądz County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-central Poland)
• Grabowiec in Toruń County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-central Poland)
• Grabowiec in Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship (central Poland)
• Grabowiec in Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship (central Poland)
• Grabowiec in Opole Lubelskie County, Lublin Voivodeship (east Poland)
• Grabowiec in Radzyń Podlaski County, Lublin Voivodeship (east Poland)
• Grabowiec in Lipsko County, Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
• Grabowiec in Płock County, Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
• Grabowiec in Siedlce County, Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
• Grabowiec in Węgrów County, Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
• Grabowiec in Bielsk County, Podlaskie Voivodeship (northeast Poland)
• Grabowiec in Hajnówka County, Podlaskie Voivodeship (northeast Poland)
• Grabowiec in Siemiatycze County, Podlaskie Voivodeship (northeast Poland)
• Grabowiec in Człuchów County, Pomeranian Voivodeship (north Poland)
• Grabowiec in Gmina Bobowo, Pomeranian Voivodeship (north Poland)
• Grabowiec in Gmina Osiek, Pomeranian Voivodeship (north Poland)
• Grabowiec in Gmina Smętowo Graniczne, Pomeranian Voivodeship (north Poland)
• Grabowiec in Wejherowo County, Pomeranian Voivodeship (north Poland)
• Grabowiec in Braniewo County, Pomeranian Voivodeship (north Poland)
• Grabowiec in Iława County, Pomeranian Voivodeship (north Poland)
• Grabowiec in Lubusz Voivodeship (west Poland)
• Grabowiec in Subcarpathian Voivodeship (southeast Poland)
• Grabowiec in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship (south-central Poland)
• Grabowiec in West Pomeranian Voivodeship (northwest Poland)

The Grabowiec in Zamość County, Lublin Voivodeship, was the site of a massacre of wounded Polish prisoners-of-war by the Soviets during World War II, on September 25, 1939. The village was handed over to Nazi Germany on October 10, 1939, in accordance with the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. Before the Holocaust, 2,356 Jews lived in Grabowiec. They were violently rounded up for slave labour and evicted from their homes, with around 2,000 Jews crowded into a small ghetto area. During the autumn of 1941, the ghetto was fenced in, and exit forbidden. In May 1942, 600 Jews from nearby towns were added to the ghetto, bringing the total number of inmates to 2,050. On May 21, 1942, 33 Jews were shot by German troops. On June 8, 1942, the remaining Jews were assembled in the market square and sent to the station at Miączyn, 10km (6.2 miles) away. Some were murdered, some were sent back to Grabowiec for labour, and around 1,200 were dispatched to the extermination camp at Sobibór. In October 1942, the remaining Jews in Grabowiec were sent to Sobibór and murdered.

Baworow, Ukraine

Baworów, also known as Baworow, is a village in Ukraine, founded in 1522. It is located in the Ternopilska Oblast (Region/Province) and in the Ternopilskyi Raion (County/District). The village is 9.1 miles southeast of Tarnopol and 6.3 miles east-northeast of Mikulinice.

In 1931, Baworow had a population of 1,326, almost half of whom were Poles, with the rest being Ukrainians and Jews. During World War II, from 1940 to 1941, 10 Poles were deported to Siberia based on Ukrainian reports, including Antoni Janowski, a member of the Sejm and former mayor of Baworow. Additionally, between 1941 and 1945, Ukrainian nationalists killed 30 Poles, including the parish priest, Karol Procyk.

The village has a castle on a hill overlooking the Gniezna River and a parish church dedicated to St. Wenceslaus. The church, with its tower on the facade, was built between 1745 and 1747 thanks to the generosity of the Bakowski family, the village's owners. It was consecrated in 1827 and expanded in 1901 by Father Jan Szuber. In the interwar period, the parish had 3,700 faithful living in Baworow and 10 surrounding villages. After World War II, the church was converted into a warehouse by the Soviet authorities but was returned to the Catholics in the 21st century. In 2014, it was reconsecrated by Archbishop Mieczyslaw Mokrzycki of Lviv.

Notable people associated with Baworow include Marian Łomnicki, a Polish geologist and zoologist born in the village in 1845, and Andrzej Michał Horodyski, a Polish playwright, politician, translator, and Freemason born in November 1773.

Tarnopol, Ukraine

Tarnopol, now known as Ternopil, is a city in western Ukraine, located on the banks of the Seret River. The city was founded in 1540 by Polish commander and Hetman Jan Amor Tarnowski, from whom the city derives its name. The Polish name, Tarnopol, means 'Tarnowski's city' and stems from a combination of the founder's family name and the Greek term 'polis', meaning city.

Ternopil has changed hands several times throughout its history. It was initially under Polish rule, then Austrian rule from 1772, followed by Russian rule in 1809, and back to Austrian rule in 1815. After World War I, the city passed between German and Austro-Hungarian forces and Russia several times. Following the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, it was proclaimed part of the West Ukrainian People's Republic in 1918. The city then became part of Poland in 1920, followed by annexation by the Soviet Union in 1939. During World War II, it was occupied by Nazi Germany in 1941, and many of its residents, particularly Jews, were killed or sent to extermination camps.

Ternopil has a rich cultural and religious diversity, with a historical presence of Jewish, Catholic, and Orthodox Christian communities. The city has several notable religious sites, including the 16th-century Nativity Church and the 18th-century Dominican Church.

The city has played an important role as a trade and transit centre, particularly between the Austrian and Russian Empires in the 19th century. The arrival of the railroad in 1870 further bolstered its economic significance. Today, it remains an important railway junction and is served by the Ternopil Airport.

Ternopil has a population of over 200,000 people and is one of the major cities in Western Ukraine and the historical regions of Galicia and Podolia. It serves as the administrative centre of the Ternopil Oblast and the surrounding Ternopil Raion.

Austria's Tarnopol rule

Tarnopol, now known as Ternopil, is a city in Ukraine, formerly in the province of Lviv, Poland. The city was founded in 1540 by Polish commander and Hetman Jan Amor Tarnowski. The name "Tarnopol" means "Tarnowski's city" and is a combination of the founder's surname and the Greek word "polis".

In 1772, after the First Partition of Poland, Tarnopol came under Austrian rule. This period saw the deterioration of the Jewish community's position, as the authority of the manorial lord was diminished and taxation became increasingly burdensome. Despite this, Tarnopol's Jewish community flourished economically, controlling the grain and cattle trade.

In 1809, after the War of the Fifth Coalition, the city came under Russian rule and was incorporated into the newly created Ternopol krai. However, in 1815, following the Congress of Vienna, the city returned to Austrian rule. During this second period of Austrian rule, Tarnopol was connected by railway to Lemberg in 1870, accelerating the city's growth.

Below is a timeline of the rule of Tarnopol, now Ternopil:

• 1540-1569: Kingdom of Poland
• 1569-1772: Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
• 1772-1809: Austrian Habsburg Monarchy
• 1809-1815: Russian Empire
• 1815-1867: Austrian Empire
• 1867-1918: Austro-Hungarian Empire
• 1918-1919: West Ukrainian People's Republic
• 1919-1920: Ukrainian People's Republic
• 1920: Soviet Union (Galician SSR)
• 1920-1939: Second Polish Republic
• 1939-1941: Soviet Union (Ukrainian SSR)
• 1941-1944: German Third Reich
• 1944-1991: Soviet Union (Ukrainian SSR)
• 1991-present: Ukraine

Austrian Jewish school in Tarnopol

Tarnopol, now known as Ternopil, is a city in Ukraine that was founded in 1540. It was previously part of the Austrian Empire and was situated in the province of Lviv, Poland.

In 1788, Naphtali Herz Homberg founded the first modern Jewish school in Tarnopol. The school was taught by Hirsh Eisenstaedter and emphasised instruction in German and secular subjects. However, it was closed down in 1806, along with similar institutions.

At this time, Joseph Perl began his efforts to establish a Jewish school with a similar emphasis on German and secular subjects. With the assistance of the maskil Dov Ginzburg and others, Perl succeeded in 1813 when Tarnopol was under Russian rule. Perl financed the school himself and donated the building. He also published a Hebrew periodical, Ẓir Ne'eman, from 1814 to 1816. In 1818, Perl transferred the school and its prayer house to the community, and it received official recognition as a public school. The syllabus was revised to conform to that of the general school system.

The school faced violent opposition from Orthodox circles and was banned in 1816 by the rabbi of Lviv, Jacob Ornstein. The Ḥasidim also opposed it. The controversy between the Ḥasidim and the Maskilim caused by the school resulted in a victory for the latter, and the institution was placed under communal control. Since 1863, the school's policy has been gradually modified by Polish influences, and very little attention has been given to instruction in German.

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