
Australia, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands have vastly different populations. Australia's population is around 27 million, with a median age of 38.3 years and a density of 4 people per square kilometre. The United Kingdom, on the other hand, has a much higher population density of 287 people per square kilometre and a total population of approximately 68.2 million people, with a median age of 40.1 years. The Netherlands falls between the two in terms of population, with a density of 544 people per square kilometre and a total population of over 18 million, and a median age of 41.5 years.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Australia's population | 27.2 million (June 2024); almost 28 million (2025) |
| Australia's population born in Australia | 18.6 million (June 2024) |
| Australia's population born outside Australia | 8.6 million (June 2024); 31.5% (June 2024) |
| Australia's median age | 38.3 years (2025) |
| Australia's urban population | 86.51% (23,335,357 people in 2025) |
| Australia's population density | 4 per Km² (9 people per sq. mi) |
| The UK's population | N/A |
| The Netherlands' population | N/A |
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What You'll Learn

Australia's population in 2022 was 26 million
The country's two most populous cities, Sydney and Melbourne, each have more than five million inhabitants. Australia's population also includes a significant number of foreign-born residents, with 31.5% of the population born outside the country as of 2024. This proportion has been increasing over the years, with the overseas-born population growing at a faster rate than the Australian-born population since post-World War II migration.
In 2024, Australia's estimated resident population included 18.6 million people born in the country and 8.6 million people born overseas. The countries of birth outside Australia with the largest populations within the country are England, India, China, and New Zealand. Additionally, at the 2021 census, there were 66,481 Australian residents born in the Netherlands, and 381,946 people of Dutch ancestry, representing 1.5% of the population.
The population of Australia has been growing over the years, with an estimated population of 27.2 million in 2024 and almost 28 million in more recent estimates. This growth is influenced by migration, with more people migrating to the country than leaving, contributing to the increasing population.
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The UK's population density is 287 people per km²
Australia, the UK, and the Netherlands have vastly different population densities. The UK's population density is 287 people per km², while Australia's is 3.5 people per km², and the Netherlands' is 420 people per km². This means that the UK has a much higher population density than Australia but is less densely populated than the Netherlands.
The UK's high population density is due to its relatively small land area and large population. The country has a total area of 243,610 km² and a population of approximately 67.5 million people. This makes it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world. The high population density in the UK has led to the development of a comprehensive transportation network, with a focus on road, rail, and urban infrastructure.
In contrast, Australia has a low population density, with only 3.5 people per km². This is due to its large land area of 7,682,300 km² and a population of approximately 28 million people. Australia's population is highly urbanized, with about 86.51% of its population living in urban areas, particularly on the eastern seaboard. The low population density in Australia has resulted in unique challenges, such as the need for long-distance transportation and communication infrastructure.
The Netherlands, on the other hand, has a much higher population density than both the UK and Australia. With a population of over 17.4 million people and a land area of 41,543 km², it has a population density of 420 people per km². The Netherlands is known for its innovative approaches to urban planning and efficient use of space, with a focus on sustainability and compact cities.
The varying population densities in these countries have influenced their urban development, transportation systems, and overall approach to infrastructure planning. The UK and the Netherlands, with their higher population densities, have had to focus on efficient use of limited space, while Australia, with its low population density, has had to address the challenges of managing a vast land mass with a dispersed population.
Overall, the population density of 287 people per km² in the UK falls between the denser Netherlands and the more spread-out Australia, presenting unique challenges and opportunities for infrastructure development and urban planning in each country.
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The Netherlands is the 33rd most densely populated country
Australia has a population of almost 28 million people, with 18.6 million born in Australia and 8.6 million born overseas. The population density is 4 per Km² (9 people per mi²), which is one of the lowest in the world. The country is highly urbanised, with 86.51% of the population living in urban areas. The median age is 38.3 years.
The UK does not feature in the list of countries with the largest populations born in Australia. However, it is one of the countries that recognise Australia's claim over 42% of the Antarctic continent.
In summary, Australia has a relatively low population density, with a high proportion of its residents born overseas. The Netherlands, in contrast, has a much higher population density, with a significant number of its citizens residing in Australia.
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31.5% of Australia's population was born overseas
Australia has a population of almost 28 million people, with a population density of 4 per Km² (9 people per sq. mi²). It is highly urbanised, with 86.51% of the population living in urban areas. The population is also heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard, with about 95% of people living within 100 km of the coast.
As of 30 June 2024, 31.5% of Australia's population was born overseas, which equates to around 8.6 million people. This is an increase from 30.7% in 2023, and 29.5% in 2022. The COVID-19 travel restrictions in 2021 caused a decline in the proportion of Australia's population born overseas, but this rebounded in 2022 when restrictions were lifted. The proportion of Australia's population born overseas has been increasing since the beginning of post-World War II migration. In 1891, 32% of the population was born overseas, but this fell to a low of 10% in 1947 due to decreased migration during World War I, the Great Depression, and World War II.
The countries of birth with the largest populations in Australia are England, India, China, and New Zealand. Those born in India recorded the largest increase since 2014, while Nepal contributed 155,000 people between 2014 and 2024. In 2024, nearly every country in the world was represented in the birthplaces of Australia's population. The median age of Australia's overseas-born population has decreased from 46 years in 2004 to 43 in 2024. In 2020, Australia had one of the highest amounts of foreign-born residents in the world, with immigrants accounting for 30% of the population, the highest proportion among major Western nations.
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The median age in the UK is 40.1 years
Australia, the UK, and the Netherlands have estimated populations of 27.2 million, 67.5 million, and 17.7 million, respectively. The median age in the UK, which is the age that divides the population into two numerically equal groups, is 40.1 years. This figure represents the average age of the total population in the country and is used to compare the country's age distribution with that of other countries.
The median age in a country can provide insights into the demographic makeup and overall population structure. In the case of the UK, the median age of 40.1 years suggests that half of the population is above this age, while the other half is below. This indicates a relatively even distribution between younger and older age groups.
Over time, the median age in a country can fluctuate due to various factors, such as birth rates, life expectancy, and migration patterns. For example, an increase in the median age could be influenced by improvements in healthcare and life expectancy, resulting in a larger proportion of older individuals. On the other hand, high birth rates or immigration of younger individuals could contribute to a decrease in the median age.
In recent years, the UK has experienced an increase in its elderly population as the baby boomer generation has aged. This trend has led to expectations of age-related fiscal pressures in the coming years, as the government will need to allocate more resources towards welfare schemes and statutory pensions to support retirees.
The median age of 40.1 years in the UK is slightly higher than the median age in Australia, which is reported to be 38.3 years. This slight difference in median age between the two countries may be influenced by a variety of factors, including cultural, social, and economic differences that impact birth rates, life expectancy, and migration patterns.
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Frequently asked questions
Australia's population was 27,400,013 people at the end of 2024. In 2021, the population was 25.7 million, and in 2022, it was 26 million.
The UK had an estimated population of over 68.2 million people in 2023.
The Netherlands has a population of over 18 million people.











































