Lexi Webster
Australia's population is spread across six states: New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Western Australia, Victoria, and Queensland. The country also has ten territories located beyond state borders. As of 2024, Sydney is the largest city in Australia, with a population of 4,627,345 people. In this article, we will explore the 10 most populous cities in Australia, including their locations, populations, and any other notable characteristics.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Number of cities with more than a million people | 5 |
| Number of cities with between 100,000 and 1 million people | 14 |
| Number of cities with between 10,000 and 100,000 people | 375 |
| Largest city | Sydney, with a population of 4,627,345 people |
| Population density as of June 2024 | 3.5 people per square kilometre |
| City with the highest growth rate in 2023-24 | Perth, with a growth rate of 3.1% |
| City with the largest growth in population in 2023-24 | Melbourne, with an increase of 142,600 people |
| Number of territories located beyond state borders | 10 |
| Number of territories governed by the Commonwealth | 7 |
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What You'll Learn
Sydney: Australia's largest city
Sydney is Australia's largest city, with a population of 4,627,345 people. It is located in the state of New South Wales and is known for its iconic landmarks, such as the Sydney Harbour Bridge and the Sydney Opera House. Sydney is a vibrant and diverse city, offering a range of cultural, recreational, and economic opportunities for its residents and visitors.
The city has a high population density, with the majority of its residents living in the urban centre and its surrounding suburbs. In recent years, Sydney has experienced significant population growth, with an increase of 107,500 people between 2023 and 2024. This growth has been attributed to overseas migration, natural increase, and internal migration. Sydney's outer areas, such as Schofields and Austral, have seen particularly notable population increases.
As the largest city in Australia, Sydney plays a crucial role in the country's economy. It is a major financial and business hub, housing the headquarters of numerous multinational companies and contributing significantly to Australia's gross domestic product. The city is also a popular tourist destination, attracting millions of visitors each year who come to experience its natural beauty, cultural attractions, and famous landmarks.
Sydney is known for its beautiful harbour, stunning beaches, and diverse natural environment. The city offers a range of outdoor activities, including sailing on the harbour, surfing at world-famous beaches like Bondi and Manly, and exploring the nearby Blue Mountains National Park. Sydney also boasts a thriving arts and cultural scene, with numerous museums, art galleries, and performance venues. The Sydney Opera House, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is a prominent cultural icon that hosts a variety of performances and events throughout the year.
In conclusion, Sydney, Australia's largest city, is a bustling metropolis that combines a rich cultural heritage with a modern and dynamic atmosphere. Its diverse population, economic significance, and range of attractions make it a prominent and influential city, not just in Australia but also on the global stage.
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Melbourne: high population density
Melbourne is one of the most populous cities in Australia, with a high population density of 69 km² in the high and very high-density classes. In the 2023-24 financial year, Melbourne experienced the largest population growth among Australian capital cities, increasing by 142,600 people, which represented a growth rate of 2.7%. This growth was driven by overseas migration, natural increase, and internal migration.
Melbourne's population density is influenced by its urban structure and geography. The city has a mix of dense central business districts, such as the bustling CBD, and sprawling suburbs that extend outwards. The Yarra River, which runs through the city, also influences the concentration of development in certain areas, creating pockets of higher density along its banks and surrounding areas.
The city's population density is not uniform across all areas. Certain neighbourhoods and suburbs within Melbourne have higher population densities than others. Factors such as proximity to the city centre, access to public transportation, and the presence of employment hubs or educational institutions can contribute to higher population densities in specific locations.
Melbourne's high population density has implications for urban planning and infrastructure development. The city has had to address challenges related to transportation, housing, and the provision of adequate amenities and services for its growing population. Strategies such as promoting public transport, investing in high-density housing projects, and creating green spaces have been employed to manage the density and ensure a high quality of life for residents.
The high population density of Melbourne also contributes to the city's vibrant culture and diverse offerings. The dense urban environment fosters a lively atmosphere, with bustling cafes, restaurants, and art scenes. The concentration of people and activities in certain areas of the city creates a sense of energy and excitement, attracting tourists and locals alike to its numerous attractions and events.
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Brisbane: population growth
Australia's 10 most populated cities include Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth, Adelaide and Canberra.
Brisbane is one of Australia's fastest-growing cities. Between 2023 and 2024, the population of the Greater Capital City Statistical Area (GCCSA) of Brisbane grew by 72,900 people, a 2.7% increase. This growth rate was the same as Melbourne's and second only to Perth's 3.1%.
In June 2024, Brisbane's population density was 24 km², placing it third after Sydney and Melbourne. Brisbane is unique among Australia's state capital cities in that its Local Government Area (LGA) covers a significant portion of its urban area.
Brisbane's population growth is driven by overseas migration, with 373,000 overseas migrants moving to Australian capital cities in 2023-24. During this period, Melbourne saw the largest increase in population, with 142,600 new residents, followed by Sydney and Brisbane.
The areas with the highest population growth rates in 2023-24 were generally either located in Australia's inner cities or on the outskirts of the country's capitals. Brisbane's outer suburbs of Strathnairn, Denman Prospect and Taylor saw some of the highest population growth rates during this period.
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Perth: high growth rate
Perth has experienced a notable surge in population, recording the highest growth rate among Australia's capital cities in the 2023-24 financial year. Its population increased by 72,700 people, resulting in a growth rate of 3.1%. This growth rate surpasses that of other major cities like Melbourne and Brisbane, which had growth rates of 2.7%.
Several factors contribute to Perth's high growth rate. One significant factor is migration. In recent years, Perth has attracted people from across Australia and overseas due to its strong economy, job opportunities, and attractive lifestyle. The resources sector in Western Australia has been a particular drawcard, offering employment in mining, construction, and related industries.
The state of Western Australia, where Perth is the capital, has experienced significant population growth. This growth has been driven partly by interstate migration, with people moving west in search of a different lifestyle, often seeking more space and a closer connection to nature. The state's vast landscapes, pristine beaches, and sunny weather hold immense appeal for those seeking a change from the east coast cities.
Additionally, Perth's growth can be attributed to its role as a regional hub. As the westernmost capital city in Australia, Perth serves as a gateway to the Indian Ocean and enjoys close proximity to Southeast Asian countries. This strategic location has fostered the development of industries such as maritime, logistics, and international education, creating more job opportunities and attracting a diverse range of talent.
The city's growth has been concentrated in specific areas. Suburbs on the outskirts of Perth, such as those in the city's north-west and south-west, have experienced significant population increases. These areas offer more affordable housing options and a balance between urban conveniences and a sense of community. The Western Australian government has also invested in infrastructure projects to support this growth, ensuring that new and existing residents have access to necessary amenities and services.
Perth's high growth rate has had a notable impact on the city's dynamics. It has led to a greater diversity of cultures and communities, enriching the social fabric of the city. Additionally, the increasing population has driven development in various sectors, including housing, transportation, and local businesses, enhancing the overall livability of the city. As Perth continues to grow, it will be crucial to ensure that infrastructure and services keep pace with the expanding population to maintain the city's attractiveness and high quality of life.
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Canberra: population density
Canberra is Australia's capital city and its largest inland city. It is the eighth-largest Australian city by population. As of June 2024, Canberra's estimated population was 473,855. The population grew by more than 50% every five years from 1955 to 1975. Canberra's population in 1950 was 19,921. By 1971, the population had exceeded 100,000, and by 2000, it had surpassed 300,000. The 2021 census recorded 452,670 residents in Canberra, with 32.5% born overseas, most of whom were born in Asia and Europe. The top three countries of origin were India, England, and China. The 2016 census showed that 32% of Canberra's inhabitants were born outside of Australia, with the most common countries of birth being England, China, India, New Zealand, and the Philippines.
Canberra's population density is influenced by its urban planning and road network design. The city is designed with arterial roads connecting inhabited clusters through areas of open land or forest, resulting in a lower population density than other Australian capital cities. This layout also ensures that idle land is available for future transport infrastructure development. Canberra's districts are generally connected by parkways—limited-access dual carriageways with speed limits up to 100 km/h (62 mph). The automobile is the dominant mode of transportation in the city.
Canberra's estimated population density as of 2016 was 495.6 people per square kilometre, calculated based on a population estimate of 403,468 and a land area of 814 square kilometres. In comparison, Australia's population density as of June 2024 was 3.5 people per square kilometre. Canberra's population growth has been steady, with a 1.13% annual increase from 2024 to 2025, resulting in an estimated population of 482,986 in 2025.
Canberra's development as the capital city has not always been smooth. After World War II, it was criticised for resembling a village, with its scattered buildings considered unsightly. However, under Prime Minister Sir Robert Menzies, the development of the city accelerated, and government housing projects were initiated to accommodate the growing population.
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Frequently asked questions
The 10 most populated cities in Australia are spread across the six states of New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Western Australia, Victoria and Queensland. The largest city in Australia is Sydney, with a population of 4,627,345 people. The other cities in the top 10 include Melbourne, Brisbane and Perth.
Australia's population density as of June 2024 was 3.5 people per square kilometre.
70% of the Australian population lives in the top eight most populous cities. However, an exact figure cannot be provided as the population numbers fluctuate.
The most populated city in Australia as of 2024 is Sydney, with a population of 4,627,345 people.
Perth had the highest growth rate of 3.1% in 2023-24, followed by Melbourne and Brisbane at 2.7%.
