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Australia held its most recent federal election on Saturday, 3 May 2025, following a five-week campaign. The election saw Prime Minister Anthony Albanese's centre-left Labor party face off against the conservative Liberal-National coalition, led by Peter Dutton. The election was marked by concerns over the economy, cost of living, housing affordability, and global uncertainty fuelled by U.S. President Donald Trump, who was deemed to have had an influence on the Australian election. The outcome resulted in a majority government, with Labor securing 76 seats in the House of Representatives, the minimum required to form a government.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Date of Election | 3 May 2025 |
| Election Type | Federal |
| Prime Minister | Anthony Albanese |
| Opposition Leader | Peter Dutton |
| Number of Seats in House of Representatives | 150 |
| Number of Seats Needed for Majority Government | 76 |
| Number of Seats in Senate | 76 |
| Voting System | Preferential |
| Compulsory Voting | Yes |
| Eligible Voters | Australian citizens aged 18 or older |
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What You'll Learn
Who are the candidates?
Australia's 2025 federal election is a close race between incumbent Prime Minister Anthony Albanese of the Labor Party and opposition leader Peter Dutton of the Liberal-National coalition. Albanese enjoyed a period of broad popularity after coming to power but has recently come under pressure over his handling of divisive topics like housing, Indigenous affairs, antisemitism, and Islamophobia. Dutton, meanwhile, is known as a staunch conservative and has experience holding important ministerial portfolios, such as defence and home affairs.
The Labor Party is defending two seats, with Senators Helen Polley, Anne Urquhart, Jana Stewart, Lisa Darmanin, Don Farrell, and Penny Wong not up for re-election. The Liberal-National coalition is also defending two seats, with Senators Wendy Askew, Jonathon Duniam, Sarah Henderson, Bridget McKenzie, Leah Blyth, Kerrynne Liddle, Andrew McLachlan, and James McGrath not up for re-election.
The Greens, Australia's third-largest political party, are defending one seat, with Senators Penny Allman-Payne, Barbara Pocock, Peter Whish-Wilson, and Murray Watt not up for re-election. The Jacqui Lambie Network is also defending one seat.
There are also several independent candidates, including David Pocock, Tammy Tyrrell, and Lidia Thorpe.
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What are the key issues?
The upcoming Australian federal election is scheduled for 3 May 2025. The election will see Prime Minister Anthony Albanese of the Labor Party face off against Peter Dutton of the conservative Liberal-National coalition. The election will be the first in which millennials and Gen Z voters will outnumber baby boomers as the dominant voting bloc.
The Australian election of 2025 has several key issues that are likely to influence voters' decisions. Firstly, the cost of living has become a defining issue, encompassing concerns about day-to-day expenses, interest rates, and housing affordability. While the Coalition is traditionally regarded as a superior economic manager, analysis of the 2022 election data reveals a shift in perception, with more voters considering Labor to be more aligned with their views on economic matters.
Secondly, environmental concerns remain prominent, particularly in light of recent natural disasters such as floods, bushfires, and cyclones. The impact of these events has brought climate change to the forefront of political discourse. The performance of the Australian Greens, a party traditionally associated with environmental issues, will be worth monitoring.
Thirdly, issues related to immigration, refugees, and asylum seekers are expected to play a pivotal role. Historically, these topics have been considered strongholds of the Coalition. However, in a notable shift, a majority of voters in the 2022 election perceived Labor as more closely aligned with their perspectives on these matters.
Additionally, the influence of former US President Donald Trump on the Australian election has been noted. Albanese has distanced himself from Trump, asserting Australia's independence and strength. Being criticised by Trump may even be seen as advantageous for candidates seeking to defend Australia's honour.
Finally, the 2023 Australian Indigenous Voice referendum has featured prominently in political discussions. The Labor Party supported the inclusion of an Indigenous Voice to Parliament as part of its 2022 election platform, demonstrating a commitment to reconciliation and Indigenous representation.
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How does the voting system work?
Australia's electoral system is governed primarily by the Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918. The system has several distinctive features, including compulsory enrolment, compulsory voting, and majority-preferential instant-runoff voting in single-member seats to elect the lower house, the House of Representatives. Federal elections must be held at least once every three years, with the next one scheduled for 3 May 2025.
Compulsory voting applies to all citizens aged 18 and above. Those who fail to vote without a valid reason are subject to a $20 penalty. Voters rank candidates in order of preference (1, 2, 3, etc.). To be considered valid, all candidates on the ballot paper must be ranked. Political parties often provide ''how-to-vote' cards to guide voters in ranking candidates.
If a candidate receives more than half of the first-preference votes, they are elected outright. If not, the candidate with the fewest votes is eliminated, and their votes are redistributed to each voter's next preference. This process continues until a candidate achieves a majority and is elected.
The House of Representatives is composed of 150 or 151 members, elected in single-member constituencies. The upper house, the Senate, has 76 members: 12 from each of the six states and two from each of the two less-populous territories. Senators are elected using the proportional Single Transferable Vote (STV) system, with states and territories serving as constituencies. Voters can choose to vote 'above the line' for parties or 'below the line' for individual candidates.
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When is election day?
Australia will hold its next federal election on Saturday, 3 May 2025. The election will be held for both the House of Representatives and the Senate, which together make up the Australian Parliament.
The House of Representatives, or the lower house, has 150 members, each of whom is elected to represent a single electoral district or constituency. To form a majority government, a party or coalition needs to win 76 out of the 150 seats. The Senate, or the upper house, also has 76 members, 12 from each of the six states and two from each of Australia's two less-populous territories. Half of the Senate seats will be contested in this election.
The election will be conducted by the Australian Electoral Commission (AEC), which is responsible for enrolling voters, managing the electoral roll, and conducting elections and referendums. Voting is compulsory for all Australian citizens aged 18 years or older. Citizens can vote in person at polling stations or by mail using postal votes. The AEC will begin counting ballots from 6 p.m. Australian Eastern Time (AET) on election day, and results will be progressively published on their website. However, the commission does not officially declare the results of a federal election on election night.
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What are the results?
The results of the 2025 Australian federal election indicate a victory for the incumbent centre-left Labor party, led by Prime Minister Anthony Albanese, who secured a second term. The Labor party achieved a majority government, winning 76 or more of the 150 seats in the House of Representatives. This outcome contradicted most opinion polls, which predicted a hung parliament or a smaller majority for Labor.
The conservative Liberal-National coalition, led by Peter Dutton, conceded defeat and underwent leadership changes following the election. The Coalition faced challenges due to global economic conditions and cost-of-living concerns in Australia, contributing to their loss. The influence of US President Donald Trump was also evident, with some analysts suggesting a "negative Trump effect" on the Conservative vote.
The Greens, led by Adam Bandt, made gains in the election, winning a record number of seats. Other independent and minor parties also secured a significant number of seats, impacting the composition of the Senate. The Senate, comprising 76 members, saw half of its seats contested in this election, with the remaining seats held by senators not up for re-election.
The election was held on Saturday, May 3, 2025, with ballot counting starting at 6 p.m. Australian Eastern Time. While official results are typically not declared on election night, the tallies are progressively published on the Australian Electoral Commission website.
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Frequently asked questions
The next federal election in Australia will be held on Saturday, May 3, 2025.
The key players in the upcoming election include the current Prime Minister, Anthony Albanese, and the leader of the opposition, Peter Dutton. Other key players include Greens leader Adam Bandt, Nationals leader David Littleproud, and independent Kylea Tink.
Australia has a preferential voting system for the House of Representatives. Voters rank local candidates in order of preference on their ballot papers. A candidate who gets more than 50% of the first-preference votes wins the seat. If no candidate reaches that threshold, the one with the fewest votes is excluded, and their votes are distributed to the second preference. The upper house, the Senate, has 76 members - 12 from each of the six states and two from each of Australia's two less-populous territories.
