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New Brunswick is the name of a city in New Jersey, as well as a Canadian province. Saint John, New Brunswick, is Canada's first incorporated city. New Brunswick, New Jersey, has a population of over 5,000, while the Canadian province has a population of 775,610 as of 2021. The Canadian province of New Brunswick is one of thirteen provinces and territories of Canada and is bordered by Quebec to the north, Nova Scotia to the east, and the US state of Maine to the west.
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| Is New Brunswick a city? | New Brunswick is the name of a city in New Jersey, USA, and a province in Canada. Saint John, the first incorporated city in Canada, is located in the province of New Brunswick. |
What You'll Learn
New Brunswick, Canada
New Brunswick is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is one of the three Maritime provinces and one of the four Atlantic provinces. New Brunswick is bordered by Quebec to the north, Nova Scotia to the east, the Gulf of Saint Lawrence to the northeast, the Bay of Fundy to the southeast, and the U.S. state of Maine to the west. The province covers a surface area of 72,908 km2 (28,150 sq mi) and had a population of 775,610 inhabitants as of the 2021 census.
New Brunswick has a humid continental climate, with snowy winters and temperate summers. The province is about 83% forested, and its northern half is occupied by the Appalachians. The southeast corner of the province is connected to Nova Scotia at the Isthmus of Chignecto.
New Brunswick was inhabited by First Nations such as the Mi'kmaq and Maliseet before the arrival of European explorers in the 16th century. The first documented European exploration of the region was made by Jacques Cartier in 1534, when his party set foot in Miscou and explored the coasts of Chaleur Bay. In 1604, Acadia, the first New France colony, was founded with the creation of Port-Royal. For 150 years afterwards, Acadia changed hands multiple times due to conflicts between France and the United Kingdom. In 1784, following the arrival of loyalists fleeing the American Revolution, the colony of New Brunswick was officially created, separating it from what is now Nova Scotia. In 1867, New Brunswick joined with Nova Scotia and the Province of Canada (now Quebec and Ontario) to form Canada.
New Brunswick's largest city is Moncton, while its capital is Fredericton. The province is officially bilingual, with both English and French recognised as official languages. Anglophone New Brunswickers make up about two-thirds of the population, while about one-third are Francophone.
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New Brunswick, New Jersey
New Brunswick was first inhabited by the Lenape Native Americans. The first European settlement was made in 1681, and was called Prigmore's Swamp. The settlement was renamed Inian's Ferry in 1691, and in 1714, it was given the name New Brunswick, after the German city of Braunschweig. New Brunswick was incorporated as a town in 1736 and chartered as a city in 1784.
New Brunswick is home to Rutgers University, the state's largest university, as well as several medical teaching and research institutions. The city has a growing skyline, with new high-rise towers filling the downtown area. New Brunswick is also known for its arts and cultural activities, with several museums, galleries, and theatres located in the city.
The city has a population of approximately 55,000, as of the 2020 census, and is governed by a Mayor-Council system, with the current mayor being Democrat James Cahill. New Brunswick is served by NJ Transit and Amtrak trains, as well as local bus services and Rutgers Campus buses.
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History of New Brunswick
New Brunswick is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is one of the three Maritime provinces and one of the four Atlantic provinces. It is the only constitutionally bilingual (English-French) province in Canada.
New Brunswick was first inhabited by First Nations like the Mi’kmaq and Maliseet. In 1604, Acadia, the first New France colony, was founded with the creation of Port-Royal. For 150 years afterwards, Acadia changed hands multiple times due to numerous conflicts between France and the United Kingdom. From 1755 to 1764, the British deported Acadians en masse, an event known as the Great Upheaval. This, along with the Treaty of Paris, solidified Acadia as British property. In 1784, following the arrival of many loyalists fleeing the American Revolution, the colony of New Brunswick was officially created, separating it from what is now Nova Scotia. In the early 1800s, New Brunswick prospered and the population grew rapidly. In 1867, New Brunswick decided to join with Nova Scotia and the Province of Canada (now Quebec and Ontario) to form Canada.
New Brunswick was named in 1784 in honour of George III, King of Great Britain, King of Ireland, and prince-elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg in the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation (until 1806) in what is now Germany.
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Demographics of New Brunswick
New Brunswick, New Jersey, has a population of 56,707 as of 2024, growing at a rate of 0.63% annually. The population has increased by 2.56% since the 2020 census, which recorded a population of 55,289. The median age in New Brunswick is 24 years: 23.9 years for males, and 24.2 years for females.
New Brunswick's population is ethnically diverse. In the past, 25% of the total Hungarian population of the state lived in New Brunswick, and 35% of the city's population was Hungarian in 1930. While the Hungarian community remains active, there are also growing Hispanic and Asian communities, particularly around French Street. New Brunswick now has the 12th largest number of Hispanic residents in the state but one of the highest in terms of proportion at nearly 50%. The state's Asian population is also growing, especially in suburban areas of Middlesex County like New Brunswick and nearby Edison and Woodbridge. The number of Asian people in the county has climbed more than 50%, accounting for 21% of the county's population by 2010.
According to the most recent ACS, the racial composition of New Brunswick was:
- Black or African American: 14.76%
- Two or more races: 7.98%
- Native American: 3.52%
- Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander: 0%
The average household income in New Brunswick is $81,409, with a poverty rate of 31.88%. 45.73% of New Brunswick residents speak only English, while 54.27% speak other languages. The non-English language spoken by the largest group is Spanish, which is spoken by 45.46% of the population.
In terms of education, approximately 30.92% of the population in New Brunswick holds a high school degree, while 33.71% have attained a college certificate and 11.34% have a bachelor's degree. The highest rate of high school graduation is among white people with a rate of 93.41%. The highest rate of bachelor's degrees is among Asian people with a rate of 78.45%.
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Economy of New Brunswick
New Brunswick, Canada, is projected to have the second-best rate of recovery in Canada, according to the Bank of Montreal. The province's economy is expected to fully rebound and grow by 1.2% beyond its pre-pandemic levels by 2021. This is largely credited to the successful handling of the COVID-19 crisis. New Brunswick's budget deficit of $304.9 million in 2020 was the smallest per capita deficit in Canada.
New Brunswick's economy is largely driven by the service sector, which includes government services and public administration, contributing about 43% of the provincial GDP. Other significant sectors include construction, manufacturing, and utilities, contributing 24%; real estate rental, at 12%; wholesale and retail, at 11%; and agriculture, forestry, fishing, hunting, mining, oil, and gas extraction, contributing 5%. Tourism also plays a vital role, accounting for 9% of the labour force.
Historically, New Brunswick's economy was centred around natural resource-based industries such as forestry, which accounted for over 80% of exports in the mid-1800s. The province's rich forest resources stimulated the lumber trade and shipbuilding industry. However, by the end of the 1800s, external economic factors led to the decline of these industries. In the early 1900s, new industries emerged, including textile manufacturing, iron mills, and pulp and paper mills.
Today, a large portion of New Brunswick's economy is controlled by the Irving Group of Companies, which has significant holdings in various sectors, including agriculture, forestry, food processing, freight transport, media, oil, and shipbuilding. The group's influence has led to descriptions of the province as being subject to a form of economic feudalism.
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Frequently asked questions
New Brunswick is the name of both a city in New Jersey and a province in Canada. Saint John, the first incorporated city in Canada, is located in the province of New Brunswick.
The population of New Brunswick, New Jersey, was estimated to be 5,000 or more as of July 1, 2023.
The population of New Brunswick, Canada, was 775,610 as of the 2021 census.
