Bolivia: Safe Haven Or Cautionary Tale?

Bolivia is a geographically and ethnically diverse country in South America, bordering Brazil, Peru, Chile, Argentina, and Paraguay. It is the third-largest producer of cocaine in the world, which has led to issues with gangs, corruption, and bribery. The country also faces problems with poverty, petty crime, and political instability. However, Bolivia has one of the lowest crime rates in South America, and violent crimes against foreigners are rare. Transportation can be unsafe and unreliable, with issues such as poor road conditions, lack of signage, and unsafe taxis. While natural disasters such as flooding and landslides are common during the rainy season, especially in mountainous areas, overall, with proper precautions, Bolivia can be considered a relatively safe place to live.

Bolivia has the third-largest production of cocaine in the world, which has resulted in gangs, corruption, and bribery

Bolivia is the third-largest producer of cocaine in the world, and this has had a significant impact on the country's safety and security. The cocaine industry has led to the emergence of gangs, corruption, and bribery, posing risks to both locals and tourists.

The presence of gangs and criminal organizations in Bolivia is closely linked to the drug trade. Bolivian narcos gangs are involved in the production and trafficking of cocaine, and they exert influence over certain regions of the country. These gangs are known for their involvement in violent crimes, including kidnappings and assassinations. The country has also witnessed the rise of powerful drug barons, who have established their fiefdoms in various departments, including Cochabamba, Beni, and Santa Cruz. These drug barons use bribes and violence to exert control and protect their illicit activities.

Corruption is another significant issue that has resulted from the cocaine trade. Bolivia has a history of narcotics corruption, with drug traffickers infiltrating various institutions, including the military, security services, police, and judiciary. There have been instances of high-level officials, such as ministers and police chiefs, being implicated in drug-related corruption and even collaborating with drug traffickers. The country's security forces are considered weak and corrupt, facilitating the country's role as a key transit point for narcotics.

Bribery is also prevalent in Bolivia due to the cocaine trade. Drug traffickers have been known to bribe officials, including military personnel and judges, to turn a blind eye to their illicit activities or provide protection. This has further contributed to the climate of impunity and weakened the rule of law in the country.

The cocaine industry has had a detrimental effect on Bolivia's economy and society as a whole. It has accelerated the predominance of the US dollar in the economy, fueling inflation and distorting labor markets. Additionally, the drug trade has been linked to social issues such as drug abuse among Bolivian youth and the importation of Colombian-style drug violence.

While the Bolivian government has implemented various anti-drug measures and eradication programs, the country continues to struggle with the negative consequences of the cocaine trade. The cocaine industry has led to the emergence of powerful gangs, widespread corruption, and a culture of bribery, all of which pose significant challenges to ensuring the safety and security of its citizens and visitors.

La Paz, Santa Cruz, Cochabamba, Copacabana, and Oruro can be unsafe at night

La Paz, Santa Cruz, Cochabamba, Copacabana, and Oruro are popular destinations on the backpacker trail through South America. However, they can be unsafe at night. Here are some safety tips to keep in mind when visiting these places:

• Petty crime, like pickpocketing and theft, is common in these areas, so be aware of your surroundings at all times, especially during festival times.
• Avoid withdrawing cash at night or in secluded locations. Thefts at ATMs are becoming more common, and many of these incidents result in assaults.
• Be cautious of "express kidnappings," which involve criminals targeting foreigners, taking them hostage, and forcing them to withdraw money from ATMs. These crimes often occur in taxi cabs, with the driver being an accomplice. Always use reputable cab companies.
• Avoid the Coronilla Hill area in Cochabamba, as it is known for drug addicts and alcoholics and is dangerous for both locals and foreigners.
• Be vigilant and stay away from large crowds and demonstrations, as they can turn violent.
• Avoid travelling alone, especially at night, as tourists are at risk of "express kidnappings" and other crimes.
• Be cautious when using taxis in Santa Cruz and La Paz, as there has been an increase in robberies involving taxi passengers. Seek local advice, use established companies, and order taxis by phone.
• Keep your belongings secure and try not to look flashy to avoid becoming a target for theft or violent crime.

Petty theft is on the rise, with incidents of sketchy taxis, ATM theft, and kidnappings

Bolivia is a country where travellers need to exercise caution and common sense. While it is a popular destination on the backpacker trail through South America, petty crime is common, and tourists need to be aware of their surroundings at all times. This is especially true in locations popular with visitors: La Paz, Santa Cruz, Cochabamba, Copacabana, and Oruro – particularly during festival times.

Petty theft is on the rise in Bolivia, with incidents of sketchy taxis, ATM theft, and kidnappings. Thefts at ATMs are becoming increasingly common, and many of them result in assaults. It is advised to avoid withdrawing cash at night or in secluded or isolated locations.

One of the most common scams in Bolivia involves sketchy taxis. There are many types of taxis in Bolivia, and it can be challenging to distinguish between legitimate and illegal taxis. Some illegal taxis are just random cars with a "TAXI" sign on the side. These taxis are fake and illegal, and it is best to avoid them. It is recommended to use reputable cab companies and radio taxis, which are registered with the police and have insurance.

Another scam involves criminals targeting foreigners, taking them hostage and driving them from ATM to ATM, forcing them to withdraw money. This type of crime, known as "express kidnapping", often occurs in La Paz, with Plaza Abaroa, Plaza Humbolt, Plaza Isabel La Católica, and Plaza del Estudiante being high-risk areas. The criminals typically work with accomplices who pose as taxi drivers, luring unsuspecting victims into their vehicles.

To stay safe, it is recommended to use only reputable cab companies and avoid travelling alone at night. By following these precautions and staying vigilant, travellers can reduce their risk of becoming victims of petty theft and kidnapping in Bolivia.

La Paz is the world's highest-altitude capital, and visitors are at risk of altitude sickness

La Paz, Bolivia's capital city, is located in the Andes Mountains and sits at 11,942 feet (3,640 metres) above sea level. This makes it the highest administrative capital city in the world. While this lofty setting offers amazing views of the surrounding mountains and valleys, it also poses challenges for visitors due to the risk of altitude sickness.

Altitude sickness, also known as acute mountain sickness or "soroche" in Spanish, is a common issue for travellers visiting La Paz. The low oxygen levels at high elevations can cause a range of symptoms, including headaches, nausea, dizziness, fatigue, insomnia, and malaise. The severity and duration of these symptoms depend on how quickly a person ascends to the higher elevation and how long they stay there.

To prevent and manage altitude sickness in La Paz, here are some important considerations:

• Gradual Acclimatisation: It is recommended to spend a day or two in lower-altitude cities like Cochabamba, Bolivia, or Bogota, Colombia, before ascending to La Paz. Even after arriving in La Paz, avoid strenuous activities and give your body time to adjust.
• Hydration: Proper hydration is crucial as increased respiration at high altitudes can lead to dehydration. Aim for at least 2 litres of water per day, or half your body weight in ounces.
• Rest and Avoid Overexertion: Take it easy during the first few days in La Paz. Avoid intense physical activities and allow your body to rest and adjust to the new elevation.
• Sleep: Altitude sickness can disrupt sleep, but getting adequate rest is essential for your body to adapt and recover. Aim for 7-9 hours of sleep per night.
• Limit Alcohol Consumption: Alcohol can worsen dehydration and symptoms of altitude sickness. It is best to avoid or limit alcohol intake during the initial days of your stay in La Paz.
• Consume Coca Leaves: Coca leaves have been traditionally used to prevent and treat altitude sickness. They are legally sold in La Paz and can be chewed or mixed with tea.
• Supplement with Glutathione: High altitudes can cause oxidative stress, and supplementing with glutathione can help boost antioxidant levels.
• Medications: Consult your doctor about medications for altitude sickness prevention and treatment, such as acetazolamide (Diamox).

By following these guidelines, visitors to La Paz can better manage the risks associated with altitude sickness and have a more enjoyable experience exploring this captivating high-altitude capital.

Protests and demonstrations can turn violent, and it's advised to stay away from large gatherings

Bolivia has a history of political instability, with protests and demonstrations occurring frequently and with little prior notice. While some demonstrations are peaceful, others can turn violent, and it is advised that visitors stay away from large gatherings and be vigilant and aware of their surroundings.

In 2019, there were widespread protests in response to claims of electoral fraud in the 2019 general election. While many demonstrations were peaceful, there were also numerous violent clashes between pro- and anti-government supporters, resulting in injuries and deaths. Protestors set fire to electoral buildings and ballot boxes, and there were also attacks on the homes of senior members of the Movement for Socialism (MAS) and their families, including acts of vandalism and arson. In response to these protests, the interim government imposed curfews and states of emergency in several cities, and there were reports of human rights abuses by security forces, including the use of excessive force and violence against journalists and civilians.

In addition to the risk of violence, protests in Bolivia can also result in road blockades and disruptions to public transport, stranding travellers and affecting their ability to reach their destinations. It is important for visitors to monitor local media and follow the advice of local authorities to stay safe during these times.

It is also worth noting that Bolivia has a high rate of petty crime, and tourists are often targeted. Tourists should be vigilant and take precautions to protect their belongings, especially in central La Paz, other popular tourist destinations, on buses, and in crowded areas.

Frequently asked questions