Lexi Webster
Australia is a country with a sparse population. It is the sixth-largest country in the world in terms of physical area, but its population density is low, at 3.4 people per square kilometre or 8.8 people per square mile as of June 2022. This makes Australia the third least densely populated country in the world, after Mongolia and Namibia. Australia's low population density is due to its desert geography, urbanisation, and the fact that most of the population lives along the coast in major cities.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Population density (June 2022) | 3.4/km2 (8.8/sq mi) |
| Population density (June 2020) | 3.3/km2 |
| Ranking in population density | 3rd least densely populated country |
| Population | 23 million |
| Land area | 7.6 million km2 (2,969,907 sq mi) |
| Population density in cities | Melbourne: 19,500 people per sq km; Potts Point to Woolloomooloo, Sydney: 16,300 people per sq km |
| Most isolated city | Perth |
| Percentage of population living in urban areas | 89% |
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What You'll Learn
Australia's population density
Australia has one of the lowest population densities in the world. As of June 2022, the country's population density was 3.4 people per square kilometre or 8.8 people per square mile. This makes Australia the third least densely populated country globally, after Namibia and Mongolia.
The country's low population density is due to its vast geographical size and extreme landscapes. Australia is the sixth-largest nation in the world in terms of physical area, spanning nearly 2,485 miles in width and 2,299 miles from north to south, covering an area of 2,969,907 square miles. It is characterised by its arid and desert geography, with the interior of the country presenting extremely difficult living conditions. Coastal areas with rainfall make up only five per cent of Australia's territory, but they are home to 95 per cent of the population. Northern Australia is less desert-like than the central and western regions, but the soils are nutrient-deficient, and the lack of mountains results in little rainfall and very few rivers. Groundwater is also scarce or too saline for irrigation. These factors make it challenging to sustain human settlements in Northern Australia.
Despite its low overall population density, Australia has several densely populated cities. Melbourne, for example, has a population density of 19,500 people per square kilometre, followed by Potts Point to Woolloomooloo in inner Sydney, with 16,300 people per square kilometre. Australia is one of the world's most urbanised countries, with 89% of its population living in a handful of urban areas. The country's most isolated cities include Perth, which is more than 1,240 miles from the nearest urban settlement, Adelaide, and Alice Springs, located in the middle of the Australian desert.
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Coastal vs inland living
Australia is the third least densely populated country in the world, with only three people per square mile as of June 2022. The country's extreme geography, semi-arid and desert landscapes, isolated towns and cities, and limited water sources make it one of the least populated countries in the world. Coastal areas with rainfall make up only five per cent of Australia's territory but are home to 95 per cent of its population.
The decision to live on the coast or inland in Australia is heavily influenced by these factors. Coastal living in Australia offers a range of advantages, including easier access to water sources and more temperate climates. The coastal regions, particularly those in the north, tend to have milder weather patterns due to the moderating influence of the ocean. Additionally, the coastal areas are generally more developed and urbanized, providing better infrastructure and access to essential services. The coastal lifestyle is also appealing to those who enjoy water-based activities, such as swimming, surfing, and boating, which are popular recreational pursuits in Australia.
However, coastal living in Australia also comes with certain challenges. The high population density in these areas can lead to increased competition for resources, housing, and employment opportunities. Additionally, the coastal regions are often more vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, including rising sea levels and extreme weather events. Moreover, the development and urbanization of the coast have led to environmental concerns, such as habitat destruction and pollution, affecting the natural beauty and ecology of these areas.
In contrast, inland living in Australia offers a different set of advantages and disadvantages. One of the main benefits is the opportunity to experience the country's unique and diverse landscapes, including its rugged outback, vast deserts, and remote natural wonders. Inland areas often provide a sense of space and seclusion, attracting those who prefer a quieter and more relaxed pace of life. Additionally, the cost of living in inland regions may be more affordable due to lower demand and less tourism.
On the other hand, the extreme geography and isolation of inland Australia can also present challenges. Access to essential services and infrastructure may be more limited, and travel distances to major urban centres can be significant. The inland regions are also more likely to experience extreme weather conditions, including heatwaves and droughts, which can impact the availability of water and overall livability.
In conclusion, the decision between coastal and inland living in Australia depends on various factors, including personal preferences, lifestyle choices, and adaptability to different environments. Both options offer unique advantages and challenges, and it is essential to consider the specific characteristics of each region within the country. While the coastal regions provide better access to resources and infrastructure, the inland areas offer a more remote and natural lifestyle. Ultimately, the choice between coastal and inland living in Australia depends on an individual's priorities and their desire to either be closer to the country's vibrant cities or its untouched natural landscapes.
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Isolated cities
Australia has one of the lowest population densities in the world, with only 3.4 people per square kilometre or 8.8 people per square mile. This makes it the third least densely populated country in the world, after Mongolia and Namibia.
The country's semi-arid and desert geography, as well as its urbanisation, contribute to this low population density. Coastal areas with rainfall make up only five per cent of Australia's territory but are home to 95 per cent of its population. Northern Australia is less desert-like than central and western regions, but the soils are nutrient-deficient, and the lack of mountains results in little rainfall and few rivers.
Some of Australia's most isolated cities and towns include:
Perth
Perth is considered the most isolated city in the world, located more than 1,240 miles from the nearest urban settlement, Adelaide. Geographically, it is closer to East Timor and Jakarta, Indonesia, than to Sydney. Perth is the fourth-largest city in Australia, with 2,192,229 inhabitants. It is characterised by its long stretches of beaches, wide-open spaces, abundant sunshine, and natural beauty. Rottnest Island, known for its pristine beaches and turquoise waters, is a popular destination near Perth.
Cape York
Cape York is one of the most remote places in Australia, situated at the tip of the peninsula and the northernmost point of mainland Australia. This area is the largest untouched space in the country, with flat terrain and half of the land used for livestock. It is known for its environmental importance, featuring wooded savannas and tropical rainforests.
Alice Springs
Alice Springs is located in the middle of the Australian desert and has a population of 28,605. It is the third-largest city in the Northern Territory of Australia, covering 10% of the region. It is a popular tourist destination, as it is near Uluru Mountain.
Kiwirrkurra Community
The Kiwirrkurra Community is known as the most remote community in Australia, located in the Gibson Desert, nearly 430 miles west of Alice Springs and over 745 miles east of Port Hedland. This indigenous community maintains its cultural heritage, with fishing and hunting as the primary means of gathering food, and storytelling, singing, and performing as entertainment.
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Population growth
Australia has one of the lowest population densities in the world, with a land area of over 7.6 million square kilometres and a population of 23 million, giving it a density of 3.4 people per square kilometre or 8.8 people per square mile. This makes Australia the third least densely populated country in the world, after Namibia and Mongolia.
The low population density is due to a variety of factors, including the semi-arid and desert geography of much of the interior of the country, urbanisation, and the concentration of the population in a handful of urban areas along the coast. 89% of Australia's population lives in urban areas, making it one of the world's most urbanised countries. The coastal areas with rainfall make up only 5% of Australia's territory but are home to 95% of the population. Northern Australia is less desert-like than the central and western parts, but the soils are nutrient-deficient, and the lack of mountains results in little rainfall and few rivers. Groundwater is also scarce or too saline for irrigation. These factors make it difficult to sustain human settlements in Northern Australia.
The low population density has led to challenges in designing cities that respect the planet and provide a high standard of living for the population. As Australia's population continues to grow and age, the country has sought to attract more migrants to maintain the percentage of the economically active population. Australia has the 9th highest immigrant population globally, with 6.7 million immigrants, making up 28.2% of its population. The country's abundant natural resources, including large reserves of natural gas, oil, gold, uranium, and metal ores, have attracted migrant workers to support their exploitation.
The population is concentrated in major cities such as Sydney and Melbourne, with inner-city Melbourne being the most densely populated suburb in Australia with 19,500 people per square kilometre, followed by Potts Point to Woolloomooloo in inner Sydney, with 16,300 people per square kilometre. These high population densities in cities can lead to drawbacks such as increased pollution, less autonomy, and a negative impact on the environment. However, they also provide benefits such as instant access to a community of people and more lifestyle perks.
To accommodate future population growth, semi-desert areas could be developed, but water shortages may pose a challenge. Urban sustainability programs aim to create self-sufficient cities that are less reliant on the surrounding countryside through sustainable construction and greener city planning.
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Migration
Australia is the third least densely populated country in the world, with only three people per square mile or 3.4/km2 as of June 2022. The country's population density is attributed to its semi-arid and desert geography, with most of its population living close to coastlines. Coastal areas with rainfall make up only five per cent of Australia's territory but are home to 95 per cent of its population. Northern Australia is less desert-like than Central and Western parts, but the soils are nutrient-deficient, and the lack of mountains results in little rainfall and very few rivers. Groundwater is also scarce or too saline to be used for irrigation. These factors make it difficult to sustain human settlements in Northern Australia.
The history of migration to Australia is a long one, with the earliest accepted timeline for the first arrivals of humans to the continent of Australia placed at least 65,000 years ago, most probably from the islands of Indonesia and New Guinea. The indigenous population was estimated to have been between 315,000 and 750,000, divided into as many as 500 tribes speaking many different languages.
From 1788 until the Second World War, the vast majority of settlers and immigrants came from the British Isles, with significant immigration from China and Germany during the 19th century. In the decades immediately following World War II, Australia received a large wave of immigration from across Europe, particularly Southern and Eastern Europe.
Today, Australia is one of the world's most urbanised countries, with 89% of its population living in a handful of urban areas. The country has also been seeking to attract more migrants to maintain the percentages of its economically active population as its population ages.
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Frequently asked questions
No, Australia is the third least densely populated country in the world, with a population density of 3.4 people per square kilometre or 8.8 people per square mile.
The least densely populated country in the world is Mongolia, with a population density of 2.1 people per square kilometre.
Australia's sparse population is due to its extreme geography, with most of the country's interior being desert and semi-arid. The country is also very urbanised, with 89% of its population living in a handful of urban areas along the coast.
Monaco has the highest population density in the world, with 26,337 people per square kilometre.
Living in a sparsely populated country like Australia can offer a higher quality of life, with less pollution, more autonomy, and better access to natural resources.
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