Exploring The Caucasus: Road Tripping In Georgia, Armenia, And Azerbaijan

Renting a car is a great way to explore Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan, but there are a few things to keep in mind before hitting the road. Here's an introduction to help you plan your trip and make the most of your time in the Caucasus region.

First, consider your comfort level with driving in unfamiliar areas. The road conditions and driving culture in these countries may differ significantly from what you're used to. While some find it manageable, others prefer to stick to taxis, trains, and buses, especially in busy cities like Baku.

If you decide to rent a car, be prepared for potential bureaucratic hurdles, as crossing borders with a rental car can be complicated due to the complex relationships between these countries. Additionally, there are varying requirements for driving licences and the minimum age for rentals in each country.

When planning your route, keep in mind that there is no direct border crossing between Armenia and Azerbaijan due to their ongoing conflict. You will need to enter one of these countries via Georgia and plan your trip accordingly.

To navigate and find your way around, it's recommended to download offline maps and consider renting a SIM device for internet access. Be prepared for longer drive times than estimated, and avoid driving after dark due to poorly lit roads and roaming livestock.

Lastly, familiarise yourself with the rules and regulations of each country, including speed limits, seat belt laws, and drink-driving limits.

Driving in Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan requires an understanding of the varying speed limits and road conditions across each country

Driving in Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan requires careful planning and an understanding of the local rules and road conditions. Each country has different speed limits and varying road standards, so it's essential to be prepared before setting off.

In Armenia, driving can be hazardous due to inconsistent road conditions and unpredictable drivers. While the speed limits are not always clear, drivers often travel at extremely high speeds, and accidents are common. Drivers should be cautious, especially when travelling through towns at night, as pedestrians may attempt to cross unlit streets in dark clothing. Winter travel can be dangerous, especially in mountainous regions, and winter tires or even snow chains may be required. Secondary roads are often in poor condition and are frequently unpaved, so an SUV may be necessary for certain parts of the country.

In Azerbaijan, the country is rebuilding its road system, so drivers may encounter a mix of new and old road sections. The older sections are poorly constructed and lit, and driving hazards such as open manholes and potholes are common, especially in Baku. Outside the city, roads are often in poor repair, lack lane markings, and are sometimes unpaved. Fatalities from traffic accidents are high and continue to rise, with inconsistent enforcement of traffic laws.

While information about driving in Georgia is limited, it is always important to be aware of the local rules and regulations. For example, in Georgia, speed limits are posted on mile markers on Interstates, US routes, and major state routes.

When driving in any of these countries, it is essential to follow the local rules and regulations, be cautious of potential road hazards, and adjust your driving to the varying speed limits and road conditions.

You must be aware of the specific documentation and equipment required when driving in each country

When driving in Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan, it is important to be aware of the specific documentation and equipment required. Here are some key points to consider:

Georgia

• Driving Licence: Foreign driving licences are accepted for up to a year as long as they are printed in a Latin or Cyrillic language. If your licence is in another script, such as Arabic or Japanese, you will need an International Driving Permit (IDP).
• Insurance: Insurance is mandatory, and you will need to purchase Georgian vehicle insurance on arrival if your existing insurance is not valid in Georgia.
• Safety Equipment: Ensure your vehicle is equipped with safety items such as a first aid kit, a warning triangle, and spare bulbs.
• Vehicle Documents: If you are driving your own vehicle, bring the necessary documents, such as registration papers.

Armenia

• Driving Licence: You will need both a valid UK driving licence and a 1968 International Driving Permit (IDP) to drive in Armenia.
• Insurance: Armenian insurance is mandatory and can be purchased at the border.
• Border Crossing Certificate: If you are renting a car, make sure to obtain a border crossing certificate from the rental company.
• Vehicle Passport: This is a small card that proves your vehicle is legally registered. It is usually located under the sun visor on the driver's side.

Azerbaijan

• Driving Licence: Check with the rental company about the requirements for driving in Azerbaijan. Some sources suggest that an International Driving Permit (IDP) may be needed if your licence is not in the Roman alphabet.
• Age Requirements: The minimum age to rent a car in Azerbaijan is 17 years old.
• Border Crossing: Be prepared for additional documentation and fees when crossing borders, such as taxes and insurance for the respective country.

In all three countries, it is important to carry the necessary documentation with you when driving and to have the proper safety equipment in your vehicle. It is also worth noting that road conditions and driving styles can vary, so it is essential to stay vigilant and adapt to the local driving culture.

It is important to know the rules and regulations of driving in each country, such as which side of the road to drive on and the laws surrounding mobile phone usage

When travelling by car in Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan, it is important to be aware of the rules and regulations that apply in each country. These regulations include which side of the road to drive on, speed limits, and laws surrounding mobile phone usage. Being informed about these regulations will help you stay safe and avoid fines or other penalties. Here is some essential information to keep in mind:

Georgia

Georgia drives on the right-hand side of the road. The country has strict distracted driving laws that prohibit text messaging and handheld cell phone use for all drivers. This means you cannot physically hold or support a wireless telecommunication device or a stand-alone electronic device while operating a vehicle. Georgia's law defines "wireless telecommunication" devices to include cell phones, text-messaging devices, personal digital assistants, computers, and GPS receivers. However, you can still use hands-free technology, such as an earpiece or voice-operated technology, to make phone calls while driving. Additionally, Georgia has a Slowpoke Law, which requires drivers in the left lane on a highway to move over for faster-moving traffic.

Armenia

Similarly, Armenia also drives on the right-hand side of the road. In Armenia, it is illegal to use your phone while driving unless you have a hands-free setup. Headlights or passing beams should be turned on at night or during poor visibility caused by bad weather. Children under 12 years old are not allowed to sit in the front passenger seat, and seat belt usage is mandatory for front-seat occupants. Drunk driving is strictly prohibited, with a legal blood alcohol level of 0.0%.

Azerbaijan

When driving in Azerbaijan, it is important to have a valid driving licence that meets the country's requirements. The legal driving age varies depending on the type of vehicle. For example, the minimum age is 14 years for a bicycle or cart, 16 for A1 category vehicles, 18 for categories A, B, and C, and so on. Ensure you are familiar with the specific regulations for the type of vehicle you will be operating.

When renting a car, it is worth noting that there are different car rental companies and pick-up locations across the three countries

When renting a car in Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan, it is worth noting that there are different car rental companies and pick-up locations across the three countries.

In Georgia, car rental locations can be found in larger towns, such as Tbilisi and Kutaisi, as well as at the international airport. The number of car rental companies continues to grow, and most well-known car rental brands are available.

In Armenia, car rental companies are located in the southern part of Yerevan and at the international airport. It is recommended to avoid picking up a car at the airport if landing after dark, as Yerevan is a busy city with lots of traffic.

In Azerbaijan, most well-known car rental companies can be found at the airport, which is a better option than downtown offices.

Some car rental companies offer drop-off and pick-up services in different locations for a fee. However, this can be quite expensive, so it is usually more cost-effective to start and end your rental at the same location.

When renting a car, it is important to consider the requirements and restrictions of each country. For example, the minimum age for renting a car is 21 in Armenia, 18 in Georgia, and 17 in Azerbaijan. Additionally, check with the rental company about the requirements for an International Driving Permit (IDP). While this is officially required in Armenia, some rental companies may not ask for it.

When planning your trip, keep in mind that crossing borders with a rental car can be complicated, especially between Armenia and Azerbaijan due to their difficult diplomatic relationship. Some rental companies may allow cross-border travel to these countries, but it is best to check with the companies directly and be aware of any additional costs or restrictions.

Overall, renting a car can be a great way to explore Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan, offering flexibility and the freedom to travel to off-the-beaten-path locations. However, it is important to be comfortable with the local driving conditions and road rules before embarking on your journey.

Driving in winter conditions may require the use of winter tires and/or snow chains, especially in mountainous regions

Driving in Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan can be challenging, even dangerous, for those who are inexperienced or unfamiliar with local driving customs. The roads in these countries are unlikely to be what you are used to in your home country. However, if you have rented cars abroad previously and are comfortable driving in areas with few road signs and unpredictable motorists, renting a car can be a great way to explore the Caucasus.

If you plan to drive in winter, be aware that ice and snow can cause roads to close in mountainous regions between November and February. To navigate these conditions safely, you will need to use winter tires and/or snow chains.

Winter tires are designed for driving in cold, harsh weather conditions. They provide better traction and grip on snow and ice than regular tires, helping to prevent skidding and improve braking performance. Snow chains are metal or plastic chains that are wrapped around the tires of a vehicle to provide additional traction in snowy and icy conditions. They are particularly useful when driving in mountainous regions, where roads may be steep and winding.

In Georgia, winter sports enthusiasts can enjoy skiing, snowboarding and sledging in mountain resorts such as Gudauri, Bakuriani, Goderdzi, Hatsvali and Tetnuldi. The ski season usually runs from late December to April. The highways to Kazbegi and Svaneti remain open throughout the winter, only closing temporarily if there is an avalanche risk or heavy snowfall.

Armenia also offers excellent opportunities for winter sports lovers, especially in the ski resorts. Tsakhkadzor, the most popular ski resort in the country, typically experiences temperatures ranging from +3°C to -10°C during the winter months. The whole winter, you can enjoy skiing, snowboarding and sledging as the snow stays until the end of February.

Azerbaijan has two new ski resorts, The Shahdag and Tufandag, which offer a beautiful view and a high level of service. The ski season in both resorts lasts from the end of December to the end of March.

If you plan to rent a car and drive in Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan during the winter, be sure to check the weather conditions and road closures in advance. Also, ensure that your vehicle is equipped with winter tires and/or snow chains, especially if you will be driving in mountainous regions.

Frequently asked questions