Damon Mcknight
Australia's population is difficult to pinpoint, as it is constantly changing due to factors such as birth rates, death rates, and migration. The population of Australia was estimated to be 26,978,117 people as of January 1, 2024, with a projected increase of 422,477 people by the beginning of 2025. The population of Australia is expected to continue growing, with estimates ranging from 34.3 to 45.9 million people by 2071. The population of Australia is diverse, with a significant proportion of Indigenous Australians and a large number of immigrants, making it the world's eighth-largest immigrant population. The median age in Australia is around 38 years, and the median weekly income is $789. The population is aging, with a growing number of older Australians and a declining birth rate.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Population as of September 2023 | 26.8 million |
| Annual population growth rate | 2.5% |
| Population growth in the September 2023 quarter | 173,000 people (0.6%) |
| Net Overseas Migration (NOM) | 549,000 |
| Natural increase (births minus deaths) | 111,000 |
| Total fertility rate | 1.58 |
| Median age | 38.3 years |
| Life expectancy at birth (males) | 81.1 years |
| Life expectancy at birth (females) | 85.1 years |
| Percentage of population living in urban areas | 86.51% |
| Population density | 4 per Km² (9 people per mi²) |
| Land area | 7,682,300 Km² (2,966,151 sq. miles) |
| Percentage of population born outside Australia | 31.5% |
| Countries with the largest populations in Australia (excluding Australia) | England, India, China, and New Zealand |
| Net undercount for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people | 17.4% |
| Tools to find a person in Australia | White Pages, Reverse Australia, Person Lookup, Precise Investigation, InfoTracer, social media |
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What You'll Learn
Population growth and demographics
Australia's population has grown significantly since British colonisation in 1788, when the population was estimated to be between 300,000 and 2,400,000 Indigenous Australians. As of 20 June 2025, Australia's population is estimated to be 27,886,800, making it the 54th most populous country in the world and the most populous country in Oceania. The population is projected to exceed 30 million by 2029 and is expected to reach between 34.3 and 45.9 million by 2071.
The population growth rate in Australia has been declining, with the current ten-year average annual growth rate at 1.4%, projected to decrease to between 0.2% and 0.9%. The population grew by 445,900 people (1.7%) between 2023 and 2024, with a quarterly growth of 91,133 people (0.3%). The annual natural increase was 105,200, while net overseas migration contributed 340,800 people to the total population growth. The capitals saw the most significant growth, with an increase of 427,800 people (2.4%), comprised mainly of overseas migration (373,000).
Australia's population is concentrated in urban areas, particularly on the Eastern, South Eastern, and Southern seaboards. The country is highly urbanised, with 89% of its population living in urban areas, and it has a low population density of 3.4 to 3.6 people per square kilometre, making it one of the most sparsely populated countries globally.
In terms of demographics, Australia has a median age of 38.5 years, with a projected increase to between 43.8 and 47.6 years by 2071. The population is almost equally distributed between males (49.3%) and females (50.7%), with a median age of 37 for males and 39 for females. The life expectancy at birth is 81.1 years for males and 85.1 years for females, with the Australian Capital Territory having the highest life expectancy for both males (81.7 years) and females (85.7 years).
Fertility rates in Australia have been declining, with a total fertility rate of 1.50 births per woman, which is below the replacement rate of 2.1. This has contributed to an ageing population, with the rate of natural increase falling since its peak in the years 1912-1914 (17.4 per thousand population) and a sharp decline during the Great Depression (7.1 per thousand population in 1934-1935). There was a post-World War II baby boom, with a rate plateau of over 13.0 per thousand population from 1946 to 1962, after which the rate of natural increase has continued to decrease due to falling fertility.
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Urbanisation and density
Australia is one of the most urbanised countries in the world, with 90% of its population living in just 0.22% of its land area. As of the 2016 Census, two-thirds of Australians lived in a capital city, with 40% of the population residing in the two largest cities, Sydney and Melbourne. Australia's urbanisation rate has been above 80% since the 1960s, reaching 86.62% in 2023, the highest rate ever recorded. This high rate of urbanisation is attributed to the significant immigration Australia has experienced since the 20th century, with immigrants often settling in coastal, urban areas.
Despite its high urbanisation rate, Australia's population density is relatively low due to its large land area. In the 1980s, Australian cities began to exhibit signs of sprawl, with declining populations in inner areas and increasing populations in middle-ring suburbs and outer suburbs. This trend led to concerns about environmental, social, and housing affordability issues. In response, governments implemented policies aimed at urban consolidation, such as Greenstreet and Building Better Cities, while advocacy groups like Smart Growth and New Urbanism promoted inner-city development and increased urban density.
Melbourne is a notable example of successful inner-city rebirth, with its population increasing from 3,000 to 4,000 people per square kilometre in the last decade. This turnaround is a significant achievement, considering that between 1981 and 1991, Melbourne experienced a decrease of almost 200 people per square kilometre in its inner 5km ring. Melbourne's success in attracting people back to the inner city has made it a model for other Australian cities aiming to manage future growth and increase density.
To promote higher-density living and combat urban sprawl, various interventions have been implemented across Australian cities. These include subdivision, dual occupancy, infill development, smaller block sizes, inner-city apartments, and the repurposing of non-residential buildings. By encouraging more compact urban development, these interventions aim to create more sustainable and livable cities.
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Religion and multiculturalism
Australia is a culturally diverse country, and its religious diversity goes hand-in-hand with this multiculturalism. The country has seen a shift in religious demographics over the years, with a decline in traditional Christian affiliations. In 1966, almost nine in ten (88%) Australians identified as Christian, but in 2016, this figure dropped to 52.1%. This decline in Christianity is accompanied by a rise in other religions, with those professing faith in religions other than Christianity growing from 0.7% in 1966 to 8.2% in 2016, an increase of almost 12 times. This includes religions such as Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Sikhism, which have gained adherents amid the decline of traditional churches.
The Sikh community in Australia has grown significantly, with about 210,000 adherents today compared to just 12,000 25 years ago. The town of Woolgoolga, located between Sydney and Brisbane, is home to a large Sikh community, with the Guru Nanak Gurdwara temple serving 1,300 Sikhs, who make up more than a quarter of the town's population.
While the number of Australians with secular and spiritual beliefs (no religion) has also increased, growing from less than 1% (0.8%) to 30.1% over the same 50-year period. This rise in secularism and the diversity of religious beliefs presents a challenge for Australian society and its political system, as debates around freedom of religion and speech continue to be navigated.
Religion often intersects with politics and plays a crucial role in shaping morals, virtues, worldviews, and the type of society we live in. As Australia continues to embrace multiculturalism, its religious landscape will likely continue to evolve, reflecting the diverse beliefs and practices of its population.
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Employment and income
The largest employing industry in Australia is Health Care and Social Assistance, employing 14.5% of the workforce. This is followed by Retail Trade (9.1%) and Construction (8.9%). The top three reported occupations are Sales Assistants (General), Registered Nurses, and General Clerks. The national median personal income is $805 per week, a $143 increase since 2016. This includes people aged 15 and above, including those unemployed or retired. There are over 9.6 million people earning below the national median income or earning no income.
The sub-major occupation groups with the highest median weekly earnings differ by role and industry. Chief Executives, General Managers, and Legislators earn a median of $2,669 per week. This is followed by Specialist Managers ($2,400) and ICT Professionals ($2,284). The industries with the highest median weekly earnings are in Mining ($2,593 per week), followed by the Australian Capital Territory ($1,688 per week). The state or territory with the lowest median weekly earnings is Tasmania ($1,208 per week).
In terms of labour supply services, 390,400 people held jobs in this sector in December 2024, with 335,800 people (86%) having it as their main job. 68.1% of labour hire workers worked full-time, and 73.6% did not have paid leave entitlements.
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Online people search tools
There are a variety of online tools available to search for people in Australia. Some of the more popular options include RecordsFinder.com, InfoTracer, Precise Investigation, and People Search. These websites offer varying levels of detail and have different requirements for the information needed to conduct a search.
RecordsFinder.com provides access to over 2 billion public records, including state, federal, county, municipal, and private data sources. It allows users to search for people by name, phone number, email address, or social user ID, and provides a report with relevant information. RecordsFinder.com is subject to terms of service and a privacy notice, and the information obtained cannot be used for unlawful purposes.
InfoTracer is another popular option, providing access to billions of records. Users can search by name, phone number, email address, or phone number. InfoTracer provides detailed reports with information such as past and present locations, contact details, possible relationships, relatives, associates, and more. It is important to note that InfoTracer is not a consumer reporting agency under the Fair Credit Reporting Agency (FCRA) and has specific restrictions on how the information obtained can be used.
Precise Investigation offers skip-tracing and locate services, allowing users to engage a professional private investigator to assist in their search. They also provide tips and suggestions on their website for conducting a people search in Australia.
People Search is a free Australian search, people finder, and reunion site. It offers a simple platform to search for individuals and provides resources and an FAQ section to assist in the process.
In addition to these dedicated search tools, social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Google Plus can also be useful in finding people, especially if they have shared their contact information or personal details on their profiles.
While these online tools can provide a wealth of information, it is important to be mindful of privacy laws and ethical considerations when conducting people searches in Australia.
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Frequently asked questions
You can use a reverse phone number lookup service such as Reverse Australia or PayID to find someone's address and full name.
You can use a people search tool such as InfoTracer to find information such as full names, addresses, relationships, jobs, phone numbers, and social media channels.
Yes, you can use social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Google Plus to find information about someone. Additionally, White Pages can show you a person's phone number if you know their full name and suburb.
You can use Person Lookup with Google to find the name and telephone number of someone who lives at a particular address.
In this case, finding someone can be costly and time-consuming. You may need to employ a professional private investigator to assist you in your search.
