Exploring Azerbaijan: Essential Behavior And Etiquette Guide

Azerbaijan is a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It has a rich history, with influences from Zoroastrianism, Islam, and Christianity, and a diverse population, with many ethnic and religious minorities. The country's official language is Azerbaijani, but most people also speak Russian as a second language.

Azerbaijan has a complex and sometimes contradictory culture, with influences from Russia, Turkey, Iran, and the West. While the country is secular, with a long history of women's rights, there is still a minority with a more traditional, Soviet-era mindset.

Azerbaijan is famous for its tea culture, with tea being considered almost sacred. Hospitality is also an important part of Azerbaijani culture, with locals going out of their way to help guests and visitors.

Greeting people and being polite

Greeting People

When greeting people in Azerbaijan, it is customary to shake hands. Men may also pat each other on the back or hug, especially if they are close friends. Women may also hug or kiss each other on the cheek. Greeting elders with respect is important, so it is customary to bow your head and kiss them on the cheek or hand.

Being Polite

Azerbaijani culture is known for its hospitality, and locals go out of their way to help guests and visitors. It is considered polite to offer guests tea, snacks, and sweets, and endless cups of tea are a sign of good hospitality. When asking for directions, locals may even show you the way rather than just telling you.

Language and Communication

The official language of Azerbaijan is Azerbaijani, which belongs to the Turkic language family. However, due to the country's historical ties with Russia, most residents also speak Russian as a second language. In recent years, younger Azerbaijanis have started learning English as well. Knowing some basic phrases in Azerbaijani, such as "How are you?" ("Necəsiniz?") and "Nice to meet you" ("Sizi görməyimə şadam), can be helpful when interacting with locals.

Cultural Sensitivities

Azerbaijan has a complex cultural landscape due to its diverse religious and ethnic influences. While the country follows Shia Islam, it has good relations with Israel, and many Azerbaijanis are also pro-Russian and pro-Western. Additionally, it is important to note that the relationship between Azerbaijan and neighbouring Armenia is tense due to the dispute over the Nagorno-Karabakh region. Therefore, it is best to avoid mentioning Armenia when conversing with locals.

Dining Etiquette

Azerbaijani tea culture is an important aspect of social interactions. Tea is considered sacred and is served in a pear-shaped glass called an "armuda," and it is customary to dip a cube of sugar into the tea before sipping it. This tradition dates back to medieval times when rulers were afraid of poison.

Gender Dynamics

Azerbaijani society generally respects women, and men often give up their seats on public transportation, pay for meals, and hold doors open for women. In 1918, Azerbaijan became one of the first countries in the world to grant women the right to vote, and women continue to hold high positions in government and serve in the military.

Table manners and tea-drinking rituals

Tea is an integral part of Azerbaijani culture. The drink is considered almost sacred and is served in a pear-shaped glass called an armuda. Tea is served without milk, accompanied by a cube of sugar, which is bitten into before sipping the tea. This tradition dates back to medieval times when rulers, fearing assassination by poison, would dip the sugar into their tea to test for toxins.

Hospitality is also a key part of Azerbaijani culture, and guests are treated with endless cups of tea and snacks.

In terms of table manners, it is customary for men to give up their seat on a bus for a woman and to insist on paying for her. Men will also hold doors open for women.

How to act in public

When in Azerbaijan, it is important to be aware of the country's conservative and traditional culture, especially when in public. Here are some guidelines on how to act respectfully and appropriately in public while in Azerbaijan:

• Dress modestly and conservatively, especially when visiting religious sites. While Azerbaijan is a secular country, the majority of its population identifies as Muslim, so it is important to respect their religious and cultural norms.
• Avoid public displays of affection. While social norms are changing, and younger generations are more liberal, it is still best to refrain from public displays of affection out of respect for the country's traditional values.
• Be mindful of your behaviour during the holy month of Ramadan. If you are visiting during this month, refrain from eating, drinking, or smoking in public during daylight hours out of respect for those who are fasting.
• Greet people with a handshake. It is customary to greet people with a handshake and a friendly greeting, especially when meeting someone for the first time. Address people with their title and last name until invited to use their first name.
• Respect personal space. Azerbaijanis generally stand closer to each other while talking than people from some other cultures, but it is still important to be mindful of personal space and not stand too close or touch someone without their consent.
• Be cautious when taking photographs. Always ask for permission before taking someone's photograph, especially in rural areas or near religious or historical sites. Some people may view photography near certain monuments or sites as disrespectful.
• Be respectful when discussing politics and religion. Azerbaijan has a complex political history, and it is best to avoid discussing sensitive topics in public or with people you do not know well. Similarly, avoid making negative comments about the country's government or its leaders.
• Be mindful of your table manners. Table manners are important in Azerbaijan, and it is considered rude to eat with your hands or talk with your mouth full. It is also considered rude to refuse food or drink offered by your host.
• Respect the elderly. Azerbaijan has a strong culture of respecting elders, so it is important to greet and interact with older people respectfully and politely.

Remember that these are general guidelines, and the best way to navigate any cultural differences is to be respectful, open-minded, and willing to learn from the locals.

How to dress

When travelling to Azerbaijan, it's important to consider the variety of climates and contexts you may encounter. The country is mountainous with a large sea coast, and its capital city, Baku, can see temperatures ranging from chilly to hot and sticky.

In terms of clothing customs, Azerbaijan is a secular country with a majority-Muslim population. While there is no expected dress code for women, erring on the side of conservative dress is advisable. In Baku, both local and foreign women usually wear Western-style clothing, and most people wear Western clothing in Baku and the surrounding area. However, outside of Baku, it's best to avoid wearing shorts as this can attract unwelcome attention. It's also important to dress modestly when visiting religious sites.

If you're planning to spend time in the countryside or do any hiking, be sure to bring appropriate clothing and footwear. Comfortable walking shoes are a must for exploring Azerbaijan's cities, too. Layering is key, as temperatures can vary throughout the day.

• Comfortable walking shoes
• Sandals with good traction
• Breathable and lightweight dresses or pants
• A light jacket or cardigan
• Modest clothing to wear when visiting religious sites, such as a scarf and clothing that covers your knees and shoulders
• Swimwear
• Closed-toed shoes
• Sunglasses
• A hat or headscarf to protect from the sun
• Warm socks
• Thermal layers for winter travel or visiting ski resorts
• A raincoat or umbrella for rainy days

How to communicate

When it comes to communication, Azerbaijan has a lot to offer in terms of language, customs, and hospitality. Here are some tips on how to communicate effectively while in Azerbaijan:

Language

Azerbaijani, a Turkic language, is the country's official language. While many Azerbaijanis, especially the younger generation, are starting to learn English, knowing some basic Azerbaijani phrases can be helpful. Common phrases include "How are you?" ("necəsiniz?"), "I'm good, thank you" ("çox sağ olun, yaxşıyam"), and "What is your name?" ("sizin adınız nədir?"). Learning these phrases can show respect for the local culture and make communication smoother.

Additionally, due to historical influences, many Azerbaijanis also speak Russian as a second language, and some consider it the language of culture, similar to how fluency in French is viewed in some European countries.

Tea Culture

Tea holds a special place in Azerbaijani culture and is almost sacred. Tea is typically served in a pear-shaped glass called an "armuda," and it is customary to dip a cube of sugar into the tea before drinking it. This tradition dates back to medieval times when rulers were afraid of being poisoned, as the sugar was believed to react to any toxins in the tea. Joining locals for tea and partaking in this ritual can be a great way to connect and communicate.

Hospitality

Azerbaijanis are known for their unparalleled hospitality. They go out of their way to help guests and ensure they feel valued. Staying in a homestay can provide opportunities to experience this firsthand, as hosts will often treat guests with endless cups of tea, snacks, and conversation. They may even prefer to show you directions rather than just telling you, and younger locals who speak English are usually happy to chat about their country.

Cultural Sensitivity

When communicating in Azerbaijan, it is important to be mindful of certain cultural sensitivities. For example, due to the ongoing conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia over the Nagorno-Karabakh region, even mentioning the name "Armenia" can evoke suspicion and tension. Hundreds of thousands of Azerbaijani refugees were displaced due to this conflict, and the wounds are still fresh for many.

Additionally, while Azerbaijan is a secular nation with a good relationship with Israel, it follows Shia Islam, similar to its neighbour Iran. Understanding these nuances can help you navigate conversations and avoid any unintentional offences.

Non-Verbal Communication

Beyond spoken language, understanding non-verbal communication is also essential. Azerbaijan has a rich history of carpet weaving, with each region having its own distinct style. Carpets are not just decorative but often convey symbolic meanings and stories. Learning to interpret these symbols can provide insight into the local culture and facilitate communication through a shared appreciation for this traditional art form.

In conclusion, effective communication in Azerbaijan goes beyond just language. Embracing their tea culture, understanding historical and religious influences, and showing respect for their traditions can go a long way in connecting with the locals and making your stay memorable.

Frequently asked questions