Damon Mcknight
Austria has a history of deporting people, particularly Jews, from its territory. The first deportations of Austrian Jews began in October 1939, when about 1,500 Jews were deported to Nisko. In 1942, at least 10,000 Jews from Germany and Austria were killed in Sobibor. In July 1942, 995 people were deported directly to Auschwitz, and many more followed. By November 1942, only about 7,000 Jews remained in Austria. In recent years, Austria has seen an increase in the number of people placed in immigration detention, with 5,252 non-citizens issued a detention order in 2018.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Number of people deported from Austria to Auschwitz on 17 July 1942 | 995 |
| Number of Jews deported from Vienna to ghettos in eastern Europe | 35,000 |
| Number of Jews deported from Vienna to Theresienstadt | 15,000 |
| Number of Jews deported from Vienna to Lodz Ghetto | 5,000 |
| Number of Jews deported from Vienna to Minsk and Riga | 5,000 |
| Number of Jews deported from Vienna to Terezin | 5,000 |
| Number of Jews deported from Austria to Sobibor in 1942 | 10,000 |
| Number of people placed in immigration detention in Austria in 2015 | 1,436 |
| Number of people placed in immigration detention in Austria in 2016 | 2,434 |
| Number of people placed in immigration detention in Austria in 2017 | 4,962 |
| Number of people placed in immigration detention in Austria in 2018 | 5,252 |
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What You'll Learn
The first deportation of 995 people to Auschwitz in 1942
The first deportation to Auschwitz on 17 July 1942 was the first of 57 transports that departed Slovakia in 1942, carrying away 57,628 Jews of whom only a few hundred returned. The deportation was retroactively legalised in May by Decree 68/1942. The first transport of female prisoners arrived on 26 March 1942 and consisted of 999 prisoners, mostly considered asocial, from Ravensbrück concentration camp.
The mass deportation of Jews to Auschwitz that began in 1942 radically changed the makeup of the prisoner population. After three months of deportation, in mid-1942, Jews already made up the most numerous ethnic group, and their share of the population rose steadily. By November 1942 only about 7,000 Jews remained in Austria, mostly those married to non-Jews. Some Jews remained in hiding. Soviet and American forces occupied Austria in April and May 1945.
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35,000 Jews deported from Vienna to ghettos in eastern Europe
The first deportations of Austrian Jews began in October 1939, when about 1,500 Jews were deported to Nisko. The first deportation of Jews directly to Auschwitz took place on 17 July 1942, when 995 people were sent to the camp. Many more followed, including Hungarian Jews in 1944.
About 35,000 Jews were deported from Vienna to ghettos in eastern Europe, mostly to Minsk, Riga, and Lodz, and to ghettos in the Lublin region of Poland. The first systematic deportations of Jews from Vienna to the Lodz Ghetto (Litzmannstadt) began on 15 October 1941. Soon after, deportations to Minsk, Riga and Terezin (Theresienstadt) followed. Most Jews sent to Minsk and Riga were shot by detachments of the Einsatzgruppen shortly after arrival. Over 15,000 Viennese Jews were deported to Theresienstadt.
By November 1942, only about 7,000 Jews remained in Austria, mostly those married to non-Jews. Some Jews remained in hiding. Soviet and American forces occupied Austria in April and May 1945.
At least 10,000 Jews from Germany and Austria were killed in Sobibor in the months of April, May and June 1942.
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1,500 Jews deported to Nisko in 1939
In October 1939, around 1500 Jews were deported from Austria to Nisko. This was the first deportation of Austrian Jews, and few returned. The deportees were mostly unemployed, evicted from their homes and living with other families, crammed into 'collective' apartments, their bank accounts blocked or frozen.
By 1940, there were still about 50,000 to 60,000 Jews living in Vienna. The first systematic deportations of Jews from Vienna began in October 1941, when Jews were sent to the Lodz Ghetto (Litzmannstadt). Soon after, deportations to Minsk, Riga and Terezin (Theresienstadt) followed. By November 1942, only about 7,000 Jews remained in Austria, mostly those married to non-Jews. Some Jews remained in hiding.
In 1942, at least 10,000 Jews from Germany and Austria were killed in Sobibor. A report from June 20, 1942, describes the deportation of a transport of Austrian Jews directly to Sobibor. On July 17, 1942, 995 people were deported directly to Auschwitz, and many more followed. In 1944, this included Hungarian Jews.
In total, about 35,000 Jews were deported from Vienna to ghettos in eastern Europe, mostly to Minsk, Riga, and Lodz, and to ghettos in the Lublin region of Poland. Over 15,000 Viennese Jews were deported to Theresienstadt, and thousands more were sent to concentration camps in Germany. Most Jews sent to Minsk and Riga were shot by detachments of the Einsatzgruppen shortly after arrival.
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5,000 Jews deported to Poland between 1940 and 1941
Between February and March 1941, 5,000 Jews were deported from Austria to Poland. The deportations were part of a wider effort to remove Jews from Vienna, with most being sent to ghettos in eastern Europe. The 5,000 Jews were sent to Opole, Kielce, Modliborzyce, and Lagow.
By December 1940, there were still about 50,000 to 60,000 Jews living in Vienna. They were mostly unemployed, evicted from their homes, and living with other families in crowded conditions. Their bank accounts were blocked or frozen, and they were barely surviving.
October 15, 1941, marked the beginning of the first systematic deportations of Jews from Vienna to the Lodz Ghetto (Litzmannstadt). Soon after, deportations to Minsk, Riga, and Terezin (Theresienstadt) followed. By November 1942, only about 7,000 Jews remained in Austria, mostly those married to non-Jews. Some Jews remained in hiding.
The first deportation of Jews directly to Auschwitz began on July 17, 1942, when 995 people were sent to the camp. Many more followed, including Jews who happened to be in Austria at the time (i.e. non-Austrians). In 1944, this included Hungarian Jews. According to evidence given at the Sobibor/Bolender trial, at least 10,000 Jews from Germany and Austria were killed in Sobibor between April and June 1942.
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10,000 Jews from Austria and Germany sent to Sobibor in 1942
In 1942, 10,000 Jews from Austria and Germany were sent to Sobibor, a killing centre in German-occupied Poland. The deportations began in April 1942 and continued until mid-October 1943. During this time, the German SS and their auxiliaries killed at least 167,000 people at Sobibor.
The first deportations of Austrian Jews began in October 1939, when about 1,500 Jews were deported to Nisko. Between February and March 1941, another 5,000 were deported to Poland. By December 1940, there were still about 50,000 to 60,000 Jews living in Vienna. They were mostly unemployed, evicted from their homes, and living with other families.
On 17 July 1942, the first deportation of 995 persons directly to Auschwitz took place. Many more followed, including Jews who happened to be in Austria at the time (i.e. non-Austrians). In 1944, this included Hungarian Jews. By November 1942, only about 7,000 Jews remained in Austria, mostly those married to non-Jews. Some Jews remained in hiding.
Sobibor was one of three killing centres linked to Operation Reinhard, the SS plan to murder almost two million Jews living in the German-administered territory of occupied Poland, called the General Government. Jews deported to Sobibor were driven through the camp gate on foot, by truck or horse-drawn cart. The train track led through a separate entrance to the right of the camp.
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Frequently asked questions
Over 35,000 Jews were deported from Vienna to ghettos in eastern Europe, mostly to Minsk, Riga, and Lodz, and to ghettos in the Lublin region of Poland.
Yes, thousands of Jews were also sent to concentration camps in Germany.
Yes, over 15,000 Viennese Jews were deported to Theresienstadt.
Yes, at least 10,000 Jews from Germany and Austria were sent to Sobibor in 1942.
Between 2015 and 2018, the number of people placed in immigration detention increased more than three-fold. 1,436 non-citizens were issued a detention order in 2015, 2,434 in 2016, 4,962 in 2017, and 5,252 in 2018.
