Lyla Lindsey
In 2023, there were 183,131 deaths registered in Australia, a decrease of 7,808 from 2022. The number of deaths in 2022 was 190,939, which means that, on average, around 523 people died each day in Australia that year. There were 911 infant deaths registered in 2023, a 4.9% decrease from the previous year. Suicide was the cause of 3,214 deaths, with 2,419 males and 795 females taking their own lives. This number is expected to increase as coronial investigations are finalised. Homicide and related offences accounted for 68 deaths in Western Australia in 2023, a rise of 19 from the previous year.
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What You'll Learn
Homicide and related offences in Western Australia
Homicide and related offences are among the most serious criminal offences in Western Australia. The Criminal Code Compilation Act 1913 (WA) governs murder, manslaughter, and other homicide offences. The Act prescribes mandatory minimum sentences that can be imposed on both adults and children found guilty of these offences.
Under Section 279 of the Criminal Code Compilation Act, a person is guilty of murder if they:
- Intend to cause the death of a person (regardless of whether or not they intended to kill the person who was actually killed)
- Intend to cause an injury likely to endanger the life of a person
- Cause a death by an act that is done in prosecution of an unlawful purpose and that is likely to endanger human life (regardless of whether or not they intended to hurt anyone)
Other criminal defences, such as mental impairment and immature age (where the accused is under 14), may also be applicable when a person is charged with a homicide offence. Under Section 280, a person who unlawfully kills another in circumstances that do not constitute murder is guilty of manslaughter. The maximum penalty for manslaughter is life imprisonment. For an accused to be found guilty of manslaughter beyond a reasonable doubt, the death of the victim must have been reasonably foreseeable.
Provocation is a partial defence to murder in Western Australia. If provocation is successfully raised, the accused will be found guilty of manslaughter rather than murder. The defence applies where there was provocative conduct by the victim, which caused the accused to lose their self-control and form an intention to kill the victim. The provocative conduct must have been serious enough that it could have caused an ordinary person to lose their self-control and kill without time for their passion to cool (Section 246).
The Road Traffic Act 1974 also contains offences that involve causing death. Under Section 59BA of this Act, a person is guilty of a crime if they cause another person's death by driving without due care and attention. The maximum penalty for this offence is three years' imprisonment or a fine of 720 penalty units.
In 2023, there were 183,131 deaths registered in Australia, with 96,180 male deaths and 86,951 female deaths. Suicide was the cause of 3,214 deaths, although this number is preliminary and expected to increase as coronial investigations are finalised. There were 911 infant deaths registered in 2023, a 4.9% decrease from 2022.
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Suicide rates
In 2023, there were 183,131 deaths registered in Australia, a decrease of 7,808 from 2022 (190,939). Of these deaths, 9,6180 were male, and 86,951 were female, resulting in a sex ratio of 110.6 male deaths for every 100 female deaths. Suicide accounted for 3,214 of these deaths (2,419 males and 795 females). This number is preliminary and is expected to increase as coronial investigations are finalised. The median age at death by suicide was 45.5 years. Suicide was the 16th leading cause of death in Australia in 2023.
Overall, while the suicide rate in Australia has shown a general downward trend since the mid-1990s, with a 23% decrease between 1999 and 2009, it remains a significant issue, particularly for certain demographic groups.
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Infant mortality
According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, there were 183,131 registered deaths in Australia in 2023, a decrease of 7,808 since 2022. Of these deaths, 911 were infants (517 boys and 394 girls), a 4.9% decrease compared to 2022. This represents a broader downward trend, as the number of infant deaths has decreased overall from 1,094 in 2013.
The infant mortality rate is the number of deaths of children under 1 year of age registered during the calendar year per 1,000 live births in the same period. In 2016, Australia's infant mortality rate was 3.1 per 1,000, ranking 12th out of 36 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. This was ahead of the OECD average of 3.9 per 1,000. Iceland had the lowest rate of 0.7 per 1,000, followed by Finland at 1.9, and Slovenia and Japan, both with 2.0.
In Australia, SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome) accounted for 3% of all infant deaths. The rate of SIDS deaths per 100,000 live births has declined since the beginning of national public education campaigns about risk factors associated with SIDS in 1991. Between 2007 and 2017, the rate declined from 28 per 100,000 to 6 in 2017, following a peak of 32 per 100,000 in 2009.
The Council of Australian Governments (COAG) established the Closing the Gap framework in 2008, with a key priority of halving the gap between Indigenous and non-Indigenous child deaths (ages 0-4) by 2018. While Indigenous death rates have decreased, the rate in 2017 was not on track to meet the target by 2018.
The leading causes of death in Australia in 2023 included ischaemic heart disease (9.2%), dementia (9.1%), and breast cancer (the second-leading cause of cancer deaths with 3,215 deaths). COVID-19 was the 10th leading cause of death, down from fourth in 2022. Suicide data for 2023 is preliminary, with 3,214 deaths (2,419 males and 795 females) expected to increase as coronial investigations are finalised.
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Ischaemic heart disease
In 2023, there were 183,131 deaths registered in Australia, a decrease of 7,808 from 2022. Ischaemic heart disease was the leading cause of death, accounting for 9.2% of all deaths. This is a significant decrease from 1968, when ischaemic heart disease was responsible for 30.5% of deaths.
Lifestyle habits that can increase the risk of ischaemic heart disease include a diet high in saturated fats, refined carbohydrates, and salt, lack of physical activity, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, exposure to second-hand smoke, stress, and insufficient sleep. Additionally, certain medical conditions such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, chronic kidney disease, and metabolic syndrome can also raise the risk.
It is important to note that the risk of heart disease increases with age and that it is a leading cause of death for most racial and ethnic groups in the United States. However, by making heart-healthy lifestyle changes and managing any underlying medical conditions, individuals may be able to lower their risk of developing ischaemic heart disease.
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Assault
Indigenous Australians are significantly more likely to be hospitalised due to assault than non-Indigenous Australians. After adjusting for differences in population age structure, Indigenous Australians were 14 times more likely to be hospitalised for assault in 2021-22.
In 2023, the number of victims of assault in Australia increased by 10% from the previous year to 76,533 victims. This increase was driven by rises in all states, with the largest occurring in Western Australia, which saw an 11% increase to 42,826 victims, the highest recorded in a 31-year time series. South Australia also recorded a notable increase of 11% to 21,878 victims.
The majority of assault victims in 2023 were aged between 25 and 34, and nearly half of all assaults were family and domestic violence-related. Assaults often involve the use of bodily force, such as punching and kicking, but can also include sexual assault, neglect, and other forms of maltreatment.
Sexual assault is a significant issue in Australia, with police-recorded incidents increasing by 11% from 2022 to 36,318 victims in 2023. This rise in sexual assault is part of a broader trend, with sexual assault offences increasing annually for six consecutive years between 2009-10 and 2016-17.
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Frequently asked questions
There were 183,131 deaths registered in Australia in 2023, including 911 infant deaths.
The leading cause of death in 2023 was ischaemic heart disease, which accounted for 9.2% of deaths. The second leading cause was dementia, including Alzheimer's disease, which accounted for 9.1% of deaths. COVID-19 was the tenth leading cause of death.
There were 3,214 deaths by suicide in 2023, with a median age of 45.5 years. However, this number is preliminary and expected to increase as coronial investigations are finalised.
