Exploring Bolivia: A Popular Travel Destination?

Bolivia is a popular tourist destination, with tourism being one of the country's key economic sectors. In 2020, over 1.2 million tourists visited Bolivia, making it the ninth most visited country in South America. The country's diverse culture, geography, history, and food attract many visitors. Bolivia's salt flats at Uyuni, for example, are a major draw, as is the country's rich archaeological heritage, including the ruins of the city of Tiwanaku, a important site for the Inca Empire and Tiwanaku Empire. Bolivia's growing appeal as a travel destination is underscored by the steady rise in tourism, with an average annual growth rate of 3.2% projected from 2023 to 2028.

Crime and safety in Bolivia

Bolivia is a popular destination on the backpacker trail through South America, but it's important to be aware of the potential dangers and remain vigilant. The country has far lower levels of theft and violent crime than its neighbours Peru and Brazil, and the threat of crime is no greater than in North America or Europe. However, as a foreigner, you are likely to stand out, and opportunistic theft and scams are common.

Common Crimes and Scams

Petty crime, like pickpocketing and theft, is common in Bolivia, especially in locations popular with visitors: La Paz, Santa Cruz, Cochabamba, Copacabana, and Oruro – particularly during festival times. Thefts at ATMs are also becoming more common and can result in assaults, so it's best to avoid withdrawing cash at night or in secluded locations.

More violent crimes include express kidnappings, where criminals target a foreigner, take them hostage, and force them to withdraw money from ATMs. These types of kidnappings have also occurred in taxis, where the driver is an accomplice. To avoid this, always use reputable cab companies.

There are several scams that tourists should be aware of:

• The "spilled substance" scam: A stranger will "accidentally" spill something on you, and another person will offer to help you clean it up, while also stealing your valuables.
• The "fake police" scam: Criminals pose as police officers and "arrest" foreigners, often for supposed drug trafficking, demanding payment of a fine or identification, which they then steal. If you are approached by someone claiming to be an officer, demand to see a warrant and contact your embassy.
• The "false tourist" scam: A friendly "tourist" will try to befriend you and suggest you go with them to a friend's home, where you will likely be kidnapped and robbed.

Safety Advice

• Always be aware of your surroundings and use common sense.
• Keep your valuables secure and out of sight, preferably in a money belt or secure holder under your clothing.
• Keep an emergency stash of cash hidden on your person.
• If staying in Bolivia for an extended period, consider registering with your embassy.
• Avoid travelling after dark, especially in remote areas or by bus.
• Avoid large crowds and political demonstrations, as these can turn violent.
• Never attempt to cross road blockades.
• Be cautious when drinking alcohol or using drugs, as there are strict laws and penalties for drug possession and trafficking.

The country's demographics

Bolivia, officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia, is a landlocked country in central South America. With an area of 1,098,581 square kilometres, it is the fifth-largest country in South America and the 27th largest in the world. Bolivia has a population of approximately 12 million people, making it the 79th most populous country globally. The country's population density is 11 people per square kilometre, with an overall life expectancy of 68.2 years.

Bolivia is a multiethnic country, with a diverse range of inhabitants, including Amerindians, Mestizos, Europeans, Asians, Africans, and other mixed groups. The official and predominant language in Bolivia is Spanish, although 36 indigenous languages also hold official status, the most commonly spoken being Guaraní, Aymara, and Quechua.

The population of Bolivia is dominated by individuals aged 15-64, with a median age of 24.9 years. The country has a relatively balanced gender ratio, with 0.99 males per female. The majority of the population resides in urban areas, with an urbanisation rate of 70.3%.

The vast majority of Bolivians are Mestizo, while minorities include 37 indigenous groups such as the Aymara and Quechua. The main religions in the country are Catholicism (81.8%), Evangelicalism (11.5%), and Protestantism (2.6%). Bolivia has a literacy rate of 91.2% and spends approximately 7.6% of its GDP on education.

The country's economy is based on agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining, and industries such as textiles, clothing, refined metals, and petroleum. Bolivia is rich in natural resources, with mines producing tin, silver, lithium, and copper. However, it is the second-poorest country in South America and remains a developing nation.

Civil unrest and political tension

Bolivia has experienced a period of civil unrest and political tension since 2019, triggered by accusations of election fraud during the presidential election that year. The subsequent resignation of longtime President Evo Morales and the appointment of Jeanine Áñez as interim president led to widespread demonstrations and protests. The country entered a state of political crisis, with Morales's supporters demanding more transparency and accountability from government institutions and political parties.

The political turmoil continued with the 2020 presidential election, which was postponed multiple times due to the coronavirus pandemic. The election of Luis Arce, a former Economics and Finance Minister and member of Morales's party, the left-wing Movement for Socialism (MAS), further divided the country. While many Bolivians supported MAS's return to power, there was also significant opposition, particularly in the departments of Cochabamba, Santa Cruz, and La Paz. Citizens demanded an audit of the election process and protested against MAS candidates in municipal elections.

The arrest of Luis Fernando Camacho, the main opposition leader and governor of Santa Cruz, in 2022, further escalated tensions and led to renewed social unrest. Camacho was accused of leading a coup in 2019, which his supporters denied, claiming that the events were only protests that led to Morales's resignation. The detention sparked protests and road blockades in Santa Cruz, with concerns about potential shortages amid the unrest.

In 2024, a military coup attempt led by Juan José Zúñiga took place but was quickly suppressed within five hours. The ongoing political and social unrest in Bolivia has raised concerns about the country's stability and the potential for further escalation.

Entry requirements

To enter Bolivia, you must meet the country's entry requirements. Here is a detailed guide on what you need to know:

Passport and Visa Requirements:

• Your passport must be valid for at least six months beyond your date of entry into Bolivia. Ensure you have blank pages for entry and exit stamps.
• Citizens of the United States require a visa to enter Bolivia. Tourist visas can be purchased at land or air borders, and they cost $160 USD. This allows a stay of up to 30 days, which can be extended through the Dirección General de Migración.
• Citizens of Ireland and the United Kingdom do not require a visa for tourist visits of up to 90 days. However, you should receive an entry stamp in your passport upon arrival, which can be extended for an additional 60 days by presenting your passport at an emigration office.

Health Requirements and Recommendations:

• It is recommended that you consult your doctor at least eight weeks before your trip to discuss any necessary vaccinations or medications.
• A yellow fever vaccination certificate is required if you are entering Bolivia from a country listed as a transmission risk.
• Dengue fever, Zika virus, and malaria are present in certain regions of Bolivia. Discuss appropriate precautions with your healthcare provider.
• The World Health Organization recommends ensuring your regular vaccinations (such as measles, mumps, and rubella) are up to date.
• Consider purchasing travel insurance that covers medical expenses and emergency services, especially if you plan adventurous activities like mountain trekking.

Other Entry Requirements and Customs Regulations:

• You may need to provide proof of accommodation, such as a hotel booking confirmation, for at least your first night in Bolivia.
• If you are travelling with children, there are special requirements. For example, if only one parent or legal guardian is accompanying the child, you cannot stay in Bolivia for longer than 90 days without obtaining a judicial permit.
• Be cautious about what you pack and declare any items that may be prohibited or subject to duty or taxes upon entry.
• If you plan to work, study, or conduct business in Bolivia, you must meet additional entry requirements, including obtaining the appropriate visa and providing necessary documentation.
• Be aware of restrictions on importing and exporting certain goods, particularly those related to wildlife and plant products.

Health and safety advice

Civil Unrest and Crime

Bolivia experiences frequent civil unrest and political tension, which can lead to violent protests and demonstrations with little to no warning. It is advised to avoid all protests and large gatherings and monitor local media for updates. Violent crime, associated with drug trafficking, is also prevalent in certain regions. Petty theft and robbery are common in tourist areas, so remain vigilant and keep your belongings secure at all times.

Transport

Road safety is poor throughout the country, with accidents and fatalities occurring regularly. Roads are often in poor condition, and public transport is generally unsafe. It is recommended to use only reputable taxi companies or ride-sharing apps and avoid hailing taxis on the street.

Health

There is a risk of contracting several diseases, including malaria, dengue fever, Zika virus, and yellow fever. Ensure your accommodation is insect-proof, use insect repellent, and consider taking anti-malarial medication. The risk of altitude sickness is also high in many parts of Bolivia, so consult your doctor before travelling and ensure you have adequate travel insurance.

Food and Water

Waterborne, foodborne, and parasitic infections are common. To reduce the risk of illness, drink boiled or bottled water, avoid raw and undercooked food, and wash your hands frequently.

Other Considerations

• Be cautious when taking photographs, especially in remote areas, and always ask for permission.
• Homosexuality is frowned upon by many Bolivians, and same-sex relationships are not widely accepted.
• Ayahuasca ceremonies, while not illegal, have led to serious illnesses and even deaths. These ceremonies often take place in remote areas without access to medical facilities.
• There is a shortage of prescription medication in Bolivia, so bring enough medication for your entire trip.

Frequently asked questions