Leaving Bolivia: The Ease Of Emigration

Bolivia is a culturally and geographically diverse country in the middle of South America. It has a growing economy and is home to some of the world's highest cities, the largest salt flat, and parts of the Amazon rainforest. Most travel is done by road, although flying is an option for longer journeys. Bolivia has three main airports in the cities of La Paz, Cochabamba, and Santa Cruz. While big cities are generally well-connected, only 6% of roads are paved, and some remote villages are difficult to reach during the rainy season.

Bolivia has one of the lowest crime rates in South America, and most major cities have a medium threat level for crime. Santa Cruz is the only city with a high threat level. Violent crimes against foreigners are rare, and there is a special Tourist Police force to help tourists. However, civil unrest and political demonstrations are common and can turn violent, affecting travel plans and disrupting transportation. Therefore, it is recommended to exercise a high degree of caution when visiting Bolivia.

Visa requirements

All US citizens visiting Bolivia are required to obtain a visa. A visa can be obtained at a Bolivian embassy or consulate in the US or a neighbouring country. Tourist visas can also be purchased at any land or air border. Entry is granted for 30 days, which can be extended twice, to a maximum of 90 days per year. A Bolivian visitor visa costs $160 US and can be paid in US or local currency upon arrival.

US citizens who wish to extend their stay can apply for an extension through the Dirección General de Migración (National Migration Service), which has offices in most major cities.

Before travelling to Bolivia, you must complete the web-based registration process (SIGEMIG). If you fail to do so, you will be subject to a fine when you exit the country.

If you plan to work, study, volunteer, or conduct business in Bolivia, you must apply for a separate visa.

Make sure you get entry and exit stamps from the Bolivian authorities every time you enter or leave Bolivia.

If you lose your passport, you will need to get a new visa and pay the visa fee to leave the country, unless you obtained your visa at the Bolivian Embassy/Consulate in the US. In this case, you will need to get an exit stamp but will not be required to pay the visa fee.

Entry Requirements

A valid US passport with at least six months of validity remaining is required to enter Bolivia.

You will also need an international certificate of yellow fever vaccination.

Visitors must show proof of a round-trip ticket or confirmation of plans to depart Bolivia, as well as proof of lodging in Bolivia, such as a hotel reservation. If you are staying with Bolivian friends or family, authorities may require a letter of invitation from the host.

Customs officials may also ask you to show proof of sufficient funds to cover your stay.

When arriving by land, ensure your passport is stamped upon exiting the country you're leaving and upon entering Bolivia. If you fail to do so, you'll be fined upon departure. Avoid travelling at night when border officials and police may not be present.

Transport

Roads

As of 2004, Bolivia had 62,479km of road, of which 3,749km was paved and 58,730km was unpaved. The country has a small network of 4-lane freeways, and the main national roads connect major cities and border crossings.

Buses

The most common way to travel in Bolivia is by bus. Long-distance buses are the cheapest and easiest way of travelling between cities, and they usually travel overnight. Buses are also a great way to experience Bolivia's landscapes. However, many of Bolivia's roads are unpaved, so travelling between cities can be long, bumpy, and uncomfortable.

Taxis

Taxis are the safest mode of transport in Bolivia. There are two types of official taxis: radio taxis, which are dispatched by calls from private clients, and regular taxis, which pick up passengers from the street. There are also unofficial taxis, which are not recommended for foreigners.

Trufis

Trufis (taxi ruta fija or fixed-route taxis) are a type of van/taxi that has a set route and is shared with other passengers. They are cheaper than taxis, with a one-way trip costing around Bs 3 ($0.40).

Micros

Micros are shorter bus routes serviced by minibuses. They are also very cheap, costing around Bs 1 ($0.15) one way.

Cable Car

An urban cable car system in La Paz, known as "teleferico", connects the city to neighbouring El Alto. It is the highest cable car in the world at 4000m above sea level, and it offers stunning views of the city.

Trains

Train travel is one of the least popular modes of transport in Bolivia. There are two separate networks: the Eastern network, which runs from Santa Cruz to the Brazilian border and the Argentine border; and the Western network, which runs from Oruro to Villazón on the Argentine border, via Uyuni and Tupiza.

Air Travel

Air travel is the fastest way to cover large distances in Bolivia, and it is the primary means of connecting isolated settlements in the Oriente to the rest of the country. The main airline is Boliviana de Aviacion (BoA), which operates more than 70 flights per day to domestic and international destinations. Internal flights cost between Bs 350 ($50) and Bs 700 ($100) for a one-way ticket.

Safety and security

Bolivia has one of the lowest crime rates in South America, and most major cities have a medium threat level for crime, comparable to larger cities in the United States. However, it is important to be vigilant and aware of your surroundings at all times. Here are some essential safety tips to keep in mind when travelling to Bolivia:

• Keep your valuables close to you at all times, especially in crowded markets. Avoid carrying large sums of money, and try to use a cross-body bag that you can keep zipped and in sight.
• Violent crimes, such as assault and robbery against foreigners, are rare, but it is important to take precautions. Avoid travelling alone at night, and stay away from areas with a high level of violent crime, such as the Chapare and Yungas regions.
• Be cautious when using public transportation and taxis. Only use reputable taxi companies or ride-sharing apps, and avoid hailing taxis on the street. Criminals sometimes pose as taxi drivers or police officers to target tourists.
• Pickpocketing and purse snatching are common in large cities like La Paz and Santa Cruz, especially in tourist areas and on public transportation. Stay alert and be aware of your surroundings to lower the risk of becoming a victim.
• Protests and demonstrations are common in Bolivia and can turn violent. Avoid participating in or getting close to these gatherings, and monitor local media to stay informed about any potential disruptions.
• Roadblocks and strikes are frequent and can disrupt travel plans. Always check for updates before travelling and take extra food, water, and warm clothing in case you encounter any roadblocks.
• Be cautious when consuming food and drinks, especially in bars and restaurants. There have been reports of criminals spiking drinks to target tourists for robbery or sexual assault.
• Hiking and trekking in remote areas can be dangerous. It is recommended to join an organized group or hire a reputable guide, and always let someone know your plans and expected return time.
• Enroll in your country's safe traveler program to receive updates and alerts about potential security risks in Bolivia.
• Make local friends and ask for advice. Bolivians are known for their warmth and hospitality, and they will be happy to share recommendations to ensure you have a safe and enjoyable experience in their country.
• Stay informed about potential health risks and get the necessary vaccinations before travelling to Bolivia.

By following these safety guidelines and staying vigilant, you can have a memorable and enjoyable trip to Bolivia while minimizing potential security risks.

Healthcare

Bolivia's healthcare system is currently undergoing reform, with efforts to improve access to basic healthcare, expand immunisation, and tackle infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and diarrhoea. In 2010, the country introduced a free Unified Health System (SUS) that provides health coverage to 70% of the population. This system is not insurance-based but rather a medical services program. An additional 12.5% of the population is covered under the Sumi and Health Insurance of the Elderly programs, targeting mothers and children under five, and the elderly, respectively.

Despite these efforts, healthcare expenditures in Bolivia remain low compared to other South American countries, with an annual per capita spending of US$145. The number of physicians has doubled in recent years, reaching about 130 per 100,000 citizens, but the system continues to face challenges.

Bolivia faces a high burden of infectious diseases, including food and waterborne illnesses such as bacterial diarrhoea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever, as well as vector-borne diseases like dengue fever, malaria, and yellow fever. HIV/AIDS is also a concern, with an estimated prevalence of 7,000 to 17,000 people affected.

Obesity is an emerging health issue, with 20.2% of the population classified as obese. Additionally, the country's cocaine industry has contributed to serious health problems, particularly among youth, with the spread of coca paste addiction.

When it comes to travel advisories, visitors to Bolivia are often warned about the risk of infectious diseases, including yellow fever, Zika virus, malaria, and dengue fever. Recommendations include getting vaccinated, using insect repellent, and taking anti-malarial medication if necessary. Visitors are also advised to be cautious when consuming food and water to reduce the risk of travellers' diarrhoea and other illnesses.

The quality of healthcare in Bolivia varies, with good healthcare available mainly in private hospitals in larger cities. Public medical services, particularly in rural areas, have limited resources and may not meet international standards. Ambulance services are limited, and medical evacuation can be challenging, especially in high-altitude locations like La Paz. Language barriers also exist, as many healthcare providers speak only Spanish.

Travellers to Bolivia are strongly advised to obtain comprehensive travel insurance that covers medical emergencies and evacuation. It is recommended to carry essential medications and a copy of prescriptions, as there may be shortages of prescription drugs in the country.

Border control

• All visitors must have a valid passport with at least six months of validity remaining from the date of entry.
• A visa is required for most visitors, which can be obtained from a Bolivian embassy or consulate, or purchased at land or air borders. The cost of a tourist visa is $160 USD, payable in US or local currency.
• Visitors must show proof of a round-trip ticket or confirmation of their plans to depart Bolivia.
• Proof of lodging in Bolivia, including the address, is mandatory. If staying with friends or family, a letter of invitation from the host may be required.
• Obtaining entry and exit stamps from Bolivian authorities is crucial each time one enters or leaves the country. Failure to obtain the necessary stamps can result in fines.
• Bolivian citizen minors travelling alone or with one parent may need permission from the non-travelling parent(s) and might need to present their original birth certificate.
• Dual citizens may need to present a valid Bolivian identity document, such as a "cedula de identidad," upon entry or exit.
• Visitors are encouraged to purchase medical evacuation insurance as emergency medical care outside major cities, in rural areas, and inside national parks is inadequate.
• Strict luggage screening measures are in place at international airports, and all luggage is routinely X-rayed upon arrival.
• Bolivia has specific requirements for the entry and exit of minors (under 18 years old), including special documentation. Parents travelling with children are advised to contact the nearest Bolivian embassy or consulate before departure to ensure compliance with the latest regulations.
• It is essential to declare amounts over $10,000 USD upon arrival, including all forms of currency.
• US dollars are the most easily exchangeable foreign currency in Bolivia.

In addition to the above, it is worth noting that border control procedures and requirements can change without notice. Therefore, visitors are advised to contact the nearest Bolivian embassy or consulate for the most up-to-date information before their trip.

Frequently asked questions