Using Cell Phones In Afghanistan: What You Need To Know

Yes, you can use your cell phone in Afghanistan. The country has a number of mobile phone companies, including Afghan Telecom, Afghan Wireless, Etisalat, MTN, Roshan, and Salaam, and there are over 18 million mobile phone users in the country. However, it is important to note that there may be security risks associated with using cell phones in Afghanistan, especially for soldiers. Cell phones are vulnerable to data leaks and can be exploited by attackers. Additionally, the local phone provider may be monitored by intelligence agencies, which could compromise your privacy.

International calling on a Verizon pay-as-you-go phone

To make international calls, you will need to add an international plan to your account for your trip. Verizon offers two types of international plans: TravelPass and Monthly International Plan. TravelPass allows you to use your domestic plan's talk, text, and data allowances just like you do at home. You are only charged for the days that you use your phone. The charges are $5 per day in Canada and Mexico and $10 per day in other countries. The Monthly International Plan costs $100 and is ideal for trips of 10 days or more. It offers unlimited data and texts and 250 minutes for international use.

If you do not choose an international plan, you will be charged a pay-as-you-go rate per minute, per text, and per MB of data used when you are abroad.

To add an international plan to your account, you can use the My Verizon website or the My Verizon app. On the website, go to your International Plan page and use the Trip Planner. In the app, select Plans & Services from your account, then scroll to International Plans and add a new plan. Alternatively, you can add TravelPass by texting "Travel" to 4004.

Before travelling internationally, make sure your device's roaming is turned on so that it can connect to cellular networks in your destination country.

Cell phone coverage in Afghanistan

Afghanistan has a number of telecommunication companies that provide mobile phone coverage across the country. These include Afghan Telecom, Afghan Wireless, Etisalat, MTN, Roshan, and Salaam.

According to a 2013 statistic, there were 20,521,585 GSM mobile phone subscribers and 177,705 CDMA subscribers in Afghanistan. By 2022, the number of mobile phone connections in the country had increased to 22.68 million, which corresponds to an average of 0.57 mobile phones per person.

The availability of cell phone coverage varies between different providers and regions within Afghanistan. For example, MTN covers 27 out of 34 provinces and provides mobile services to 75% of the country. Roshan Telecommunication Company claims to have the largest coverage with 6.4 million subscribers across all 34 provinces.

Some areas of Afghanistan may have limited or no cell phone coverage, especially in remote or rural areas. The Afghan government and telecommunication companies have been working to expand and improve mobile network infrastructure across the country.

In terms of network technology, Afghanistan has 2G, 3G, and 4G coverage in many areas, with some regions also having access to 5G. The availability of 4G and 5G networks depends on the specific provider and location within the country.

Cell phone security risks and data leaks

Cell phones have become an integral part of our daily lives, but they also pose significant security risks and can be a channel for data leaks. Here are some of the dangers and precautions to be aware of:

Vulnerabilities and Exploits:

Cell phones use various communication protocols such as SMS, MMS, WiFi, Bluetooth, and GSM, each with inherent security vulnerabilities. Network providers also use signalling protocols that have known weaknesses, making it relatively easy to intercept calls and messages. Attackers can exploit these weaknesses to gain access to sensitive information such as passwords, track your location, and even control your phone's camera and microphone.

Apps and Data Collection:

Many apps collect vast amounts of personal data, including your name, date of birth, financial information, location history, contacts, and photos. This data can be exposed through data breaches or sold to third parties without your knowledge. Be cautious about the apps you download and the permissions you grant, especially those that request excessive access to your phone's functions and data.

Public Wi-Fi and Phishing:

Connecting to unsecured public Wi-Fi networks can expose your online activities to nearby cybercriminals. They can create fake hotspots to trick you into connecting and steal your data. Be cautious of phishing attempts, where scammers pose as legitimate entities to trick you into giving up sensitive information. Always verify the identity of anyone contacting you for personal information.

Stalkerware and Spyware:

Consumer-grade spyware, often marketed as child tracking or monitoring software, can be used to track and monitor individuals without their consent. These apps run silently, collecting data such as call records, text messages, photos, and location data. Be cautious of apps that promise to monitor the activity of loved ones, as they can be a front for invasive digital surveillance.

SIM Card Swapping and Caller ID Spoofing:

Scammers may trick your wireless provider into transferring your number to a new SIM card, giving them control of your phone number. Be vigilant about unusual charges or activity on your phone bill. Additionally, cybercriminals can manipulate Caller ID information to make it seem like they are calling from a legitimate number. Do not answer calls or messages from unknown numbers, and be cautious of requests for sensitive information.

Poor Password Security:

Using weak or reused passwords makes it easier for cybercriminals to gain access to your accounts. Always use strong, unique passwords and enable multi-factor authentication whenever possible. Consider using a password manager to generate and store complex passwords.

Outdated Devices:

Using outdated phones that no longer receive security updates puts your device at risk. Older phones may have vulnerabilities that hackers can exploit. Regularly update your phone's operating system and apps to patch security flaws.

Identity Theft:

Stolen or lost phones can lead to identity theft, as they contain sensitive data such as photos, documents, and access credentials. Enable remote tracking and wiping features to protect your information if your phone falls into the wrong hands. Additionally, create a password or PIN with your carrier to secure your mobile phone account.

The Taliban's stance on mobile phones in Afghanistan

Leveraging Mobile Phones for Propaganda and Control: The Taliban has recognized the power of mobile phones and other modern technologies in spreading their influence and shaping public perception. They have utilized text messages, video messages, and social media platforms to disseminate propaganda and deter support for the Afghan government and security forces. The group has sent graphic content, including beheadings and explosions, to intimidate the populace and warn them against cooperating with government or international forces. This tactic was particularly effective in areas with limited landline infrastructure, where mobile phones were the primary means of communication.

Disrupting Mobile Phone Services: The Taliban has a history of disrupting mobile phone services, particularly during night-time blackouts in insecure areas. They have destroyed transmission masts and network towers of companies that refuse to comply with their orders. The group justifies these actions by claiming that foreign forces use mobile signals to monitor and target Taliban commanders and fighters. By disrupting these signals, the Taliban aims to demonstrate their control and authority in certain regions.

Targeting Telecommunication Companies: Telecommunication companies in Afghanistan have often found themselves caught between the demands of the Taliban and the government. The Taliban has threatened and coerced telecom workers, accusing them of providing information to foreign forces. In some cases, they have destroyed network infrastructure, causing significant financial losses to these companies. The companies face a challenging situation where they must balance complying with the Taliban's demands and avoiding retaliation.

Transition to Governance: As the Taliban transitioned from a rebel force to a governing coalition, their approach to mobile phones and communication evolved. They sought to project an image of strength and moderation, both domestically and internationally. While they continued to spread propaganda, they also made efforts to assure the international community of their changed ways, particularly regarding their respect for women and girls within the framework of Islamic law.

Censorship and Surveillance: The Taliban has a history of attempting to control the flow of information and monitor communications. They have imposed censorship on various forms of media and sought to intercept and track phone calls made by diplomats, military personnel, and other individuals. This surveillance tactic was not limited to the Taliban, as other foreign intelligence agencies were also believed to be engaging in similar activities within Afghanistan.

In summary, the Taliban's stance on mobile phones in Afghanistan has been multifaceted. They have utilized mobile technology as a tool for propaganda and control while also imposing restrictions and censorship to consolidate their power and shape public perception. The group has leveraged the widespread availability of mobile phones to spread their message and influence, adapting their tactics to suit their goals and target audience.

Mobile phone companies in Afghanistan

Mobile phone usage in Afghanistan is a complex issue, with security risks and data leaks posing significant challenges. While local and international phone services are available in the country, the choice of carrier coverage is crucial for ensuring reliable connections.

Communications in Afghanistan are regulated by the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (MCIT). The sector has witnessed rapid expansion since the formation of the Karzai administration in 2001, encompassing wireless companies, internet services, radio stations, and television channels. As of 2013, approximately 90% of the country's population had access to communication services, including mobile phone networks.

Several mobile phone companies operate in Afghanistan, providing a range of services to subscribers:

• Afghan Telecom: Afghan Telecom is a government-owned company that provides 4G services to its customers. It is obligated to contribute 2.5% of its income to the communication development fund annually.
• Afghan Wireless: Afghan Wireless, founded in 2002, was the first mobile services company in Afghanistan. It covers all provinces in the country and has invested significantly in developing a robust wireless communications network. The company also engages in social initiatives through the Bayat Foundation, an active NGO it supports.
• Etisalat Afghanistan: Etisalat Afghanistan is a subsidiary of Etisalat UAE, one of the largest telecommunications companies in the world. It started operations in Afghanistan in 2007 and is the fastest-growing mobile phone company in the country. Etisalat provides voice and data services in 34 provinces and over 200 districts, with more than 12,000 retail outlets. They also offer 3G coverage in 21 provinces.
• MTN Group: MTN Group is a global brand that entered the Sudanese market in 2005 and expanded to Afghanistan in 2006. They provide 4G services and have been facing challenges due to the return of the Taliban regime, which has disrupted the country's economy and telecom sector.
• Roshan: Roshan is one of the leading telecommunication companies in Afghanistan, with 6.5 million active customers and a network covering over 287 districts and cities across 34 provinces. Since its establishment in 2003, Roshan has invested nearly $700 million in the country and is considered Afghanistan's largest investor and taxpayer. The company has major stakeholders like the Aga Khan Foundation for Economic Development (AKFED) and Monaco Telecom International (MTI).
• Salaam Network: Salaam Telecom is a prominent player in the Afghan telecom market, having successfully secured additional spectrum in a 4G auction. They provide 3G services and contribute to the communication development fund, supporting the expansion of services to remote areas.

These mobile phone companies play a crucial role in Afghanistan's economic growth and development, providing essential communication infrastructure to the country.

Frequently asked questions