Belize's Sun: Unrelenting Intensity

Belize is a tropical paradise, boasting breathtaking beaches, turquoise waters, and lush landscapes. However, the sun in Belize can be unforgiving, and sun protection is crucial. The Caribbean sunshine is significantly stronger than in many other places, and the risk of sunburn and skin damage is high. Belize's proximity to the equator and its location between the tropics result in longer days, with the sun shining vertically from above, leading to intense sunlight. The ozone layer, which protects us from the sun's harmful rays, is thinner in warmer regions like Belize, offering less protection.

To enjoy Belize's natural beauty safely, it is essential to take precautionary measures such as wearing protective clothing, using reef-safe sunscreen, and staying hydrated.

The sun's angle and intensity

Belize is located in the northern hemisphere, with its capital Belmopan at 17 degrees north latitude. This means that the sun's path is quite large, and at midday, it is much higher in the sky than in countries further away from the equator. For example, in New York, the sun only reaches an angle of 73 degrees at the height of summer, whereas in Belmopan, the sun shines vertically from above twice a year, on May 8th and August 3rd. The sun is also more intense due to the thinner ozone layer in the tropics, which provides less protection from UVR.

The combination of the sun's angle, the thin ozone layer, and the reflective properties of the environment contribute to the brutal sun in Belize. It is important for visitors and locals to take precautions, such as wearing protective clothing, using reef-safe sunscreen, and staying out of the sun during the hottest parts of the day, typically between 10 am and 3 pm.

Additionally, the sun in Belize can cause dehydration, so it is crucial to drink plenty of fluids throughout the day. Fair-skinned individuals are more susceptible to sunburn and should take extra care, including using higher SPF sunscreens and wearing wide-brimmed hats and sunglasses.

By understanding the sun's angle and intensity in Belize and taking the necessary precautions, one can safely enjoy the beautiful weather and outdoor activities that the country has to offer.

The ozone layer is thinner in Belize

Belize is a tropical paradise, with its sun-kissed beaches, turquoise waters, and lush landscapes. However, the sun in Belize can be uncomfortably strong, and sun protection is vital. The reason for this intensity is the thinning of the ozone layer in the region.

The ozone layer is a protective shield in the Earth's atmosphere that filters out harmful UVB rays from the sun. In some parts of the world, such as Belize, this layer is thinner, resulting in less protection from the sun's rays. The thinning of the ozone layer in the tropics is a well-known phenomenon, and UVR levels at the equator are 1,000 times higher than at the Earth's poles.

Belize's location near the equator and its proximity to the tropics contribute to the thinning of the ozone layer. The sun's rays are more direct and intense in this region, increasing the risk of sun-related issues such as sunburn, skin cancer, and cataracts. The high intensity of the sun in Belize is also influenced by the angle at which the sun's rays hit the Earth. The sun is much higher in the sky at midday, shining with greater intensity than in more northern or southern regions.

The combination of a thinner ozone layer and the sun's position in the sky means that anyone in Belize needs to take extra precautions to protect themselves from the sun. This includes wearing protective clothing, using sunscreen, and seeking shade during the hottest parts of the day, usually between 10 am and 2 pm. The sun's rays are strongest during these hours, and the risk of sun damage is heightened.

Additionally, the reflective nature of the surrounding environment, such as the sand and water, can also intensify UV exposure. The sand reflects back most of the UV rays that reach the Earth's surface, increasing their intensity by up to 80%. While water reflects less UV radiation, it is still essential to consider when spending time outdoors.

UVB and UVA rays cause skin damage

Belize is located near the equator, which means that the sun's rays have less atmosphere to travel through before reaching the ground. This results in a higher intensity of UV radiation in the region.

UV radiation is a form of electromagnetic energy that is emitted by the sun. It is made up of different types of rays, including UVA and UVB rays, which can affect the skin in different ways.

UVB rays have shorter wavelengths and higher energy levels than UVA rays. They damage the outermost layers of the skin by directly damaging DNA. This can lead to sunburns, and they are the cause of most skin cancers. UVB rays are also associated with skin ageing. While some UVB rays are absorbed by the ozone layer, they can still cause skin damage, especially at high altitudes or on reflective surfaces.

UVA rays, on the other hand, have longer wavelengths and can penetrate deeper into the skin. They cause indirect damage to DNA and are associated with premature skin ageing and some skin cancers. UVA rays make up about 95% of the UV rays that reach the Earth's surface and are not absorbed by the ozone layer. They cause an immediate tanning effect and sometimes sunburn.

Both types of rays are harmful and can lead to skin cancer and premature ageing. To protect against their damaging effects, it is important to wear sunscreen, protective clothing, and hats, and to limit sun exposure during the middle of the day when UV rays are strongest.

How to choose the right sunscreen

The sun is particularly strong in Belize due to the thin ozone layer in tropical regions. This means that sun protection is vitally important when visiting Belize, and sunscreen is one of the most common ways to protect yourself. Here are some tips on choosing the right sunscreen:

Understand the Different Types of Sunscreen

There are two main types of sunscreen: chemical and natural/physical. Chemical sunscreens, such as those containing avobenzone, oxybenzone, and homosalate, act like a sponge and absorb the sun's rays. Natural or physical sunscreens, on the other hand, contain mineral-based ingredients like titanium dioxide and zinc oxide, which reflect and scatter the sun's rays.

Choose a Broad-Spectrum Sunscreen

Dermatologists recommend using sunscreens with broad-spectrum SPF coverage, which means they protect against both UVA and UVB rays. While SPF measures protection against UVB rays, it's important to protect against UVA rays as well, as they contribute to skin damage, including skin cancer and wrinkles.

Consider Your Skin Type and Colour

Different sunscreens are formulated for different skin types and colours. People with fair skin are more susceptible to sunburns and should opt for higher SPF values, typically above 30. Those with darker complexions have more melanin, which provides some natural protection from the sun, but they can still burn and sustain sun damage. It's important to choose a sunscreen that suits your skin type (normal, oily, dry, etc.) and blends well with your skin tone.

Look for Waterproof and Reef-Safe Options

If you plan to spend time in the water, opt for a waterproof sunscreen to ensure it doesn't wash away with sweat or water. Additionally, choose a reef-safe sunscreen that doesn't contain oxybenzone, octinoxate, octocrylene, or other chemicals that contribute to coral bleaching and deterioration. Look for sunscreens marked "non-nano" or "mineral-based."

Don't Forget to Reapply

Sunscreen should be applied generously and reapplied regularly, especially after swimming or sweating. It is recommended to apply sunscreen at least 20 minutes before sun exposure and then reapply it every two hours or more frequently if you are active.

By following these tips and choosing a suitable sunscreen, you can effectively protect yourself from the sun's harmful rays and enjoy your time in Belize safely.

The importance of staying hydrated

Belize is a tropical paradise, with its beautiful beaches and clear blue waters. However, the sun in Belize can be unforgiving, and sunburn and dehydration are common issues for travellers. The sun in Belize is stronger than in many other places due to its proximity to the equator and the thinner ozone layer in that region. The sun's rays are at their strongest between 10 am and 3 pm, and it is important to take precautions during this time to avoid dehydration and other heat-related issues.

Staying hydrated is crucial for your health and can help prevent dehydration-related problems. Here are some reasons why staying hydrated is essential:

• Regulating Body Temperature: Water helps maintain body temperature, especially in hot climates like Belize. Sweating is a natural cooling mechanism, but it can lead to fluid loss, so drinking enough water is vital to replace lost fluids and prevent overheating.
• Lubricating Joints: Water acts as a lubricant for your joints, helping them move smoothly and comfortably. Dehydration can lead to joint stiffness and pain.
• Preventing Infections: Staying hydrated helps your body fight off infections. Water aids in flushing out toxins and waste products, supporting your immune system in keeping you healthy.
• Delivering Nutrients: Water assists in transporting essential nutrients to your cells, ensuring they function optimally. This nutrient delivery system is crucial for overall health and energy levels.
• Organ Function: All organs in your body rely on water to function correctly. For example, the kidneys need water to filter waste from the blood, and the digestive system needs water for proper digestion and absorption of nutrients.
• Improving Sleep and Cognition: Adequate hydration improves sleep quality and enhances cognitive function, including concentration and mood. Dehydration can lead to fatigue, dizziness, and impaired thinking.

To stay hydrated in Belize, or any hot climate, it is recommended to drink plenty of water throughout the day. Carry a reusable water bottle with you, and remember that you may need to increase your fluid intake during physical activities or when spending time in the water. While plain water is best, you can also stay hydrated by consuming fruits and vegetables with high water content, such as watermelon, tomatoes, and lettuce. It is also important to limit sugary drinks and caffeine, as these can contribute to dehydration.

In addition to staying hydrated, it is crucial to protect yourself from the sun's harmful UV rays by wearing protective clothing, a wide-brimmed hat, and sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30. Remember to reapply sunscreen regularly, especially if you are swimming or sweating, and consider using reef-safe sunscreen to protect Belize's delicate marine ecosystem.

Frequently asked questions