Lyla Lindsey
Freiburg, a city in southwestern Germany, has had a turbulent history. Founded in 1120 as a free market town, it passed through the hands of various rulers before coming under the protection of the Habsburgs in 1368. From then until 1805, Freiburg was part of Further Austria, serving as the administrative headquarters for the Habsburg territories in southwest Germany. During this time, the city was involved in numerous conflicts, including the Thirty Years' War, and was occupied by different powers such as the Swedes, Bavarians, and French. In 1805, after a defeat at the Battle of Austerlitz, Freiburg was briefly controlled by Napoleon and became part of Baden.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Year Freiburg became part of Austria | 1368 |
| Year Freiburg stopped being part of Austria | 1805 |
| Reason for Freiburg becoming part of Austria | Citizens of Freiburg bought their freedom from the Counts' rule and submitted themselves to the House of Habsburg for protection |
| Administrative role | Administrative centre for the outlying Austrian possessions |
| Other occupiers | Bauernbund (Peasants' and Farmers' League), Swedes, Bavarians, French |
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What You'll Learn
- Freiburg was an administrative centre for Further Austria
- The city was under the protection of the House of Habsburgs
- The citizens of Freiburg had to financially support and provide knights for wars against the Swiss Confederacy
- Freiburg was an important centre for Catholicism on the Upper Rhine
- In 1805, Freiburg became part of Baden
Freiburg was an administrative centre for Further Austria
The city of Freiburg im Breisgau, situated in southwestern Germany, has a long and complex history. From its founding in 1120 as a free market town, Freiburg has undergone numerous changes in rule and ownership. Notably, between 1368 and 1805, Freiburg was under the control of the House of Habsburg and served as an administrative centre for Further Austria.
The relationship between Freiburg and the Habsburgers began in 1368 when the citizens of Freiburg, seeking independence from the Counts of Freiburg, voluntarily submitted themselves to the protection of the House of Habsburg. This decision resulted in Freiburg becoming a part of Further Austria, sharing in the fortunes and misfortunes of the Habsburgers until the German Reich.
During this period, Freiburg served as the administrative headquarters of Further Austria, encompassing the Habsburg territories in southwest Germany. This role was particularly significant between 1648 and 1805, when the town was not under French occupation. As an administrative centre, Freiburg hosted important events such as the Reichstag held by Emperor Maximilian I in 1498. Additionally, in 1520, Freiburg ratified progressive legal reforms that aimed to balance traditions with old Roman Law, further solidifying its administrative significance.
In addition to its administrative role, Freiburg also became a cultural and educational centre. In 1457, Albrecht VI, Regent of Further Austria, established Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, one of Germany's oldest universities. The establishment of this university contributed to Freiburg's reputation as a centre for the arts and sciences.
However, in 1805, Freiburg's association with Austria came to an end. Following Austria's defeat at the Battle of Austerlitz, Napoleon commanded that Breisgau, along with Ortenau, be passed to Baden. As a result, Freiburg was no longer an outpost of Habsburg on the Upper Rhine but instead became a provincial town within the Grand Duchy of Baden.
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The city was under the protection of the House of Habsburgs
Freiburg, a city in southwestern Germany, was under the protection of the House of Habsburg from 1368 until 1805. The city's submission to the Habsburgs came after its citizens bought their freedom from the rule of the Counts of Freiburg.
The House of Habsburg, also known as the Habsburgers, was a powerful and influential family in European history, particularly in the Holy Roman Empire and later in the Austrian Empire. They held significant territories across Europe, including parts of modern-day Germany, Austria, and Switzerland.
Under the protection of the Habsburgs, Freiburg enjoyed a certain degree of freedom and autonomy. However, this also meant that the city was involved in the Habsburgs' wars and conflicts. For example, during the wars against the Swiss Confederacy, the citizens of Freiburg had to provide financial support and knights to fight for the Habsburgs. In 1386, the Swiss Confederacy emerged victorious in the Battle of Sempach, slaying the Austrian Duke Leopold III and nearly the entire Freiburg nobility. This led to a shift in power within the city, with the guilds taking over the city council.
Freiburg's association with the Habsburgs also influenced its religious affiliation. In 1520, the city chose not to participate in the Reformation and instead became an important centre for Catholicism on the Upper Rhine. This decision set it apart from the surrounding villages, which largely became Protestant due to the influence of the Margrave of Baden.
The connection between Freiburg and the House of Habsburg was not without challenges and changes. In the 17th and 18th centuries, Freiburg was captured and occupied by various forces, including the Bauernbund (Peasants' and Farmers' League), the Swedes, the Bavarians, and the French. Despite these occupations, Freiburg continued to be associated with the Habsburgs until 1805 when it became a part of Baden.
Overall, the period under the protection of the House of Habsburgs was a significant chapter in Freiburg's history, shaping its political, religious, and cultural landscape.
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The citizens of Freiburg had to financially support and provide knights for wars against the Swiss Confederacy
Freiburg, a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, was founded and chartered in 1120 by the Dukes of Zähringen as a free market town. The city passed into the hands of the Counts of Urach in 1218, who assumed the title of Counts of Freiburg. In 1368, the citizens of Freiburg bought their freedom from the Counts' rule with 20,000 marks of silver and submitted themselves to the House of Habsburg for protection.
Under the rule of the Habsburgs, Freiburg was the administrative centre for the outlying Austrian possessions from 1648 to 1805. The citizens of Freiburg had to financially support and provide knights for wars against the Swiss Confederacy. The Swiss Confederacy, also known as Switzerland or the Old Swiss Confederacy, was a loose confederation of independent small states (cantons) within the Holy Roman Empire and the precursor to the modern state of Switzerland.
The Swiss Confederacy was formed at the end of the 13th century, and by the middle of the 14th century, it had expanded to include the cities of Zurich and Bern. This union of rural and urban communes was politically and militarily successful for over a century, and it continued to grow in size and influence. By the end of the 15th century, the Confederacy had expanded to thirteen cantons, and in 1499, they secured their de facto independence from the Holy Roman Empire with their victory in the Swabian War against Emperor Maximilian I.
In 1386, the Swiss Confederacy was at war with the Habsburgs, and the citizens of Freiburg were called upon to provide financial support and knights for the conflict. The Swiss were victorious in the Battle of Sempach, slaying Austrian Duke Leopold III and almost the entire Freiburg nobility. As a result, the guilds took over the power of the city council in Freiburg, and the city became an imperial city from 1415 until 1425.
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Freiburg was an important centre for Catholicism on the Upper Rhine
Freiburg was a part of Austria until 1805. It was founded in 1120 by Konrad and Duke Berthold III of the House of Zähringen as a free market town. Strategically located at the junction of trade routes between the Mediterranean Sea and the North Sea regions, and the Rhine and Danube rivers, it was an important commercial centre.
In 1520, Freiburg decided not to take part in the Reformation and became an important centre for Catholicism on the Upper Rhine. Erasmus moved to Freiburg after Basel accepted the Reformation. The Freiburg Minster, the only German cathedral to be completed in the Gothic style between the 12th and 16th centuries, is an important site for Catholicism. It is also the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Freiburg, led by an archbishop who serves as the metropolitan bishop of the Upper-Rhine ecclesiastical province. The cathedral houses many works of art depicting the patron saints of Freiburg, Saint George, Lambert of Maastricht, and the catacomb saint, Alexander.
Freiburg's importance as a Catholic centre is further demonstrated by the presence of other notable religious buildings, such as the Franciscan Church of St. Martin, the Jesuit Church, and the Collegium Borromaeum (CB), a priestly seminary where candidates for priesthood reside during their theological studies at Freiburg's Albert-Ludwigs-Universität. The university itself, founded in 1457, is one of Germany's oldest and contributed to the city's intellectual and cultural life.
Freiburg's role as a Catholic centre was not without its challenges. In 1536, the city experienced its first witch-hunt, driven by a strong belief in witchcraft. During the French Revolution, the city was ceded to the Duke of Modena by the treaty of Campo Formio (1787), and later to the House of Zähringen by the Treaty of Pressburg (1805). In 1805, with the attack of Breisgau by a Catholic ruler, many Protestants moved into the city. Despite these changes in ruling powers, Freiburg remained a significant Catholic centre in the region.
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In 1805, Freiburg became part of Baden
Freiburg, a city in southwestern Germany, was part of Austria until 1805. It was founded and chartered in 1120 by the dukes of Zähringen as a free market town. In 1218, it passed to the counts of Urach, who assumed the title of counts of Freiburg. In 1368, the citizens of Freiburg bought their freedom from the Counts' rule with 20,000 marks of silver and submitted themselves to the House of Habsburg for protection. The city then belonged to Further Austria and shared its ups and downs with the Habsburgers until 1805.
In 1805, Freiburg, together with the Breisgau and Ortenau areas, became part of Baden. This change occurred due to the War of the Third Coalition, in which Austrian Emperor Francis I challenged the self-proclaimed French Emperor Napoleon. Austria suffered a crushing defeat at the Battle of Austerlitz, leading Napoleon to command that Breisgau and Ortenau pass to Baden. As a result, Freiburg was degraded from an outpost of Habsburg on the Upper Rhine to a provincial town in a buffer state.
The Grand Duchy of Baden was a state in southwest Germany on the east bank of the Rhine. It existed as a sovereign state from 1806 to 1871 and later became part of the German Empire until 1918. Baden was enlarged in 1806, following the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, and joined the German Confederation in 1815. During the French Revolutionary Wars, Baden initially joined the First Coalition against France but changed sides in 1805 to ally with Napoleon's France.
Freiburg's history was turbulent during the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. The Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) significantly reduced its population, and it was occupied by various powers, including the Swedes, Bavarians, and French, between 1632 and 1805. During World War II, Freiburg was heavily bombed, and in 1945, it was occupied by the French Army. After the war, the French military government created the State of Baden, with Freiburg as its capital. In 1949, Baden became a state of West Germany and later merged with other states in 1952 to form Baden-Württemberg.
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Frequently asked questions
Freiburg, or Freiburg im Breisgau, was founded in 1120 as a free market town. In 1368, the citizens of Freiburg bought their independence from the lords and sought the protection of the House of Habsburg. From then on, Freiburg was under the administrative control of Further Austria, the Habsburg territories in southwest Germany, until 1805.
In 1805, Freiburg was passed from Austrian control to become a part of Baden, which is a part of Baden-Württemberg today.
After the War of the Third Coalition in 1805, Austrian Emperor Francis I suffered a crushing defeat at the hands of Napoleon. Napoleon commanded that Freiburg, along with Breisgau and Ortenau, be passed to Baden. Freiburg was then a part of the Grand Duchy of Baden.
