Japan: Belize Or Mongolia, Which Is Closer?

Belize and Mongolia are two countries on opposite sides of the world. Belize is a Central American country nestled on the northeastern coast of Central America, with Mexico to the north, Guatemala to the west and south, and Honduras to the southeast. It is known for its diverse ecosystems, including coral reefs, and its rich history, with the Maya civilisation flourishing in the region until about 1200. On the other hand, Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by China to the south and Russia to the north. It has a long history of nomadic cultures and was once part of the Mongol Empire, which attempted to invade Japan in the 13th century.

When considering the distance between these two countries and Japan, it is clear that Mongolia is much closer to Japan than Belize. Japan and Mongolia are separated by the Sea of Japan, with a distance of about 1,100 kilometres (683 miles) between the two countries. In contrast, Belize is located on the other side of the world, with a distance of over 11,000 kilometres (6,835 miles) between Belize and Japan.

While both countries have distinct cultures and histories, their relationships with Japan differ significantly. Belize and Japan have no direct territorial disputes or significant historical conflicts. In contrast, Mongolia and Japan have a long history, with the Mongol Empire's failed attempts to invade Japan in the 13th century being a defining event in both countries' histories. Despite this, Japan and Mongolia have worked to improve their diplomatic relations in recent decades, with Japan providing economic cooperation and investment in Mongolia.

Japan and Mongolia's diplomatic relations

Belize is closer to Japan than Mongolia.

The Battle of Khalkhiin Gol of 1939, known as the Nomonhan Incident in Japan, was a significant event in the history of the two countries' relations. It was the culmination of the geopolitical competition between Japan's Kwatung Army and Soviet Russia over the eastern territories, including Mongolia's borders. The defeat of the Battle of Khalkhiin Gol led to a shift in Japan's expansionist ideology, ultimately impacting the course of the Pacific War.

It was not until 1968 that Mongolia and Japan actively discussed bilateral friendship, opening the door for future diplomatic relations. In 1970, Mongolian Prime Minister Tsedenbal Yumjaa reiterated Mongolia's readiness to normalise relations with Japan.

On February 24, 1972, diplomatic relations between Japan and Mongolia were officially established with the signing of diplomatic accords by the respective ambassadors to Moscow. This marked a significant step towards normalising relations between the two countries.

Since the establishment of diplomatic relations, Japan has become an important democratic supporter and financial donor to Mongolia, becoming Mongolia's first "third neighbour" in Asia. Japan has provided significant financial assistance and investments in various sectors, including metallurgy, energy, cashmere, and mining. In 1977, Japan granted aid for the construction of the state-owned Gobi Cashmere Factory, which played a crucial role in jump-starting Mongolia's cashmere sector.

In 1991, Japan's Prime Minister Kaifu Toshiki visited Mongolia and offered development assistance through cash grants for the country's economic recovery. During this period, Mongolia secured $320 million in economic assistance from Japan, demonstrating Japan's commitment to supporting Mongolia's development.

Japan and Mongolia's relations have continued to evolve, with Japan becoming a favourable destination for Mongolian students, scholars, and intellectuals. Additionally, Japan has provided military and defence support, including training for military medical professionals during disaster relief.

In recent years, Japan and Mongolia have sought to improve their relationship further. In 2008, Japan provided a loan of ¥28.8 billion (US$385 million) to Mongolia for the construction of a new international airport in Töv Province. This project reflects the ongoing collaboration and desire to strengthen ties between the two nations.

Almost 40% of Mongolians regard Japan as a more important foreign partner than China, highlighting the significance of the relationship between the two countries.

Belize's and Costa Rica's beaches

Belize and Costa Rica are two Central American countries that offer stunning beaches and inland adventures. If you're looking for the perfect beach vacation spot, here's a detailed comparison of the beaches in Belize and Costa Rica to help you choose your ideal destination.

Belize's Beaches

Belize, located on the northeastern coast of Central America, boasts a diverse range of ecosystems, including extensive coral reefs, making it a key destination within the globally significant Mesoamerican Biological Corridor. With its Caribbean Sea coastline, Belize offers an array of beach experiences. The country is home to the Belize Barrier Reef, the second-largest barrier reef in the world, providing abundant marine life and vibrant corals for snorkelling and scuba diving enthusiasts.

One of the most popular beach areas in Belize is Ambergris Caye, known for its vibrant marine life, including angelfish, manatees, turtles, rays, and dolphins. For a more secluded and tranquil beach experience, Seine Bight offers an uncrowded stretch of coastline. Laughing Bird Caye is ideal for families, with mild waves and shallow sapphire waters. Belize's beaches cater to a range of interests, from water sports and underwater exploration to quiet relaxation.

Costa Rica's Beaches

Costa Rica, nestled between the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, offers two distinct coastlines. While Costa Rica's beaches are renowned for their white sand and natural beauty, they are not as swimmable as those in Belize due to rougher waves and strong rip currents. However, there are family-friendly swimming spots, such as Manuel Antonio National Park and Samara Beach. Costa Rica's beaches are more popular for surfing and snorkelling, with world-class destinations like Santa Teresa and Nosara.

Costa Rica also offers unique beach experiences, such as the only coral reef on its Caribbean coast within Cahuita National Park. The country's beaches often feature thick tropical rainforests that extend right up to the coast, creating a stunning contrast of lush greenery and azure waters.

Both Belize and Costa Rica offer exceptional beach experiences, but they cater to slightly different interests. If you're seeking gentle waves, accessible beaches, and a vibrant barrier reef, Belize is the ideal choice. On the other hand, if you're a surfer or prefer beach activities like surfing, snorkelling, and scuba diving, Costa Rica's beaches will better suit your tastes.

Belize's and Mongolia's safety

While Belize and Mongolia are both beautiful countries to visit, there are some safety concerns to be aware of.

Belize

Belize has a high level of violent crime throughout the country, including gang and drug-related violence, with Belize City being a particular hotspot. Tourists are not usually targeted, but it is advised to be vigilant and aware of your surroundings at all times. The local police may lack the resources and training to respond effectively to serious criminal incidents, so it is important to take precautions such as avoiding walking or driving at night, not resisting robbery attempts, and not displaying signs of wealth. It is also important to note that Belize has one of the highest per capita murder rates in the world, and there is a high prevalence of drug and human trafficking, organized crime, and street gang activity. Additionally, there have been reports of credit card and ATM fraud, as well as sexual assault and harassment, particularly against women travelling alone.

Mongolia

Mongolia, on the other hand, has one of the lowest crime rates in Asia. However, petty crimes such as purse snatching and pickpocketing are common, especially in larger cities, on public transportation, and at tourist landmarks. It is important to keep your valuables secure and be vigilant, especially in areas like Ulaanbaatar, the State Department Store, and the Tedy Center IT Market. There have also been reports of ethnically-motivated violence and attacks on interracial couples, particularly targeting white, black, or ethnic-Chinese men speaking with Mongolian women. It is advised to keep a low profile, avoid travelling alone at night, and avoid political discussions with locals.

In summary, while both countries have their own set of safety concerns, with proper precautions and awareness, travellers can still enjoy the unique experiences that Belize and Mongolia have to offer.

Belize's and Japan's ancient civilisations

Belize and Japan have ancient civilisations that date back thousands of years.

Belize's Ancient Civilisations

Belize was first settled around 3000 BC by the Paleo Indians, with the Olmec people laying down roots in 1000 BC. However, it was the Maya civilisation that became the most prominent ancient society in Belize. The Classic period of the Maya began around 250 AD, with populations concentrated in the north of the country, in what is now the Orange Walk District. They spread further south, to the city-states of Caracol and Cahal Pech. The Maya were able to settle the area successfully due to their knowledge of agriculture, cultivating corn and making the soil more fertile with additives like charcoal and pottery. At the height of the Mayan empire, it is believed that Belizean Mayans numbered around 2 million. The Mayans of Caracol even overtook the prominent Guatemalan Mayan city of Tikal. However, around 800 or 900 AD, the Maya culture in Belize rapidly disintegrated, for reasons that are still unclear. Theories range from overpopulation to drought and natural disaster.

Japan's Ancient Civilisations

The Jomon Period, from c. 14,500 BCE to c. 300 BCE, is considered the first historical era of Japanese history. The period is named after the distinctive pottery produced at the time, which featured simple rope-like decoration. While the production of pottery does not necessarily indicate fixed settlements, it is believed that by c. 5000 BCE, the first signs of agriculture appeared, with the earliest known settlement at Sannai-Maruyama dating to c. 3500 BCE. The Jomon people are believed to be the ancestors of the present-day minority group, the Ainu.

The next historical period in Japan is the Yayoi Period, from c. 300 BCE to c. 250 CE. This period saw the arrival of migrants from continental Asia, especially the Korean peninsula. These new arrivals either conquered or integrated with the indigenous peoples, bringing with them improved metalworking techniques, and contributing to the development of specialised trades and professions, social classes, and an established ruling class.

The Kofun Period, from c. 250 CE to 538 CE, takes its name from the large burial mounds constructed during this time. This period saw a significant influx of people from the Korean peninsula, particularly the Baekje kingdom and Gaya Confederation. While there are conflicting theories about the nature of this influx, it is believed that Koreans held high government positions and mixed with the imperial bloodline.

The Asuka Period, from 538 CE to 710 CE, saw the introduction of Buddhism to Japan, which was officially adopted by Emperor Yomei. Prince Shotoku, who ruled as regent until 622 CE, is credited with reforming and centralising the government, creating the Seventeen Article Constitution, and encouraging greater ties with China.

The Nara Period, from 710 CE to 794 CE, saw continued expansion of Buddhism, with Emperor Shomu's project of building a temple in every province. The capital, Nara, was built on the Chinese model, with a regular grid layout and public buildings in the Chinese architectural style.

The Heian Period, from 794 CE to 1185 CE, was named after the capital during this time, Heiankyo, known today as Kyoto. This period is noted for its cultural achievements, including the creation of a Japanese writing system using Chinese characters, which led to the production of literary works such as the world's first novel, the "Tale of Genji".

Belize's and Mongolia's cultural differences

Belize and Mongolia are vastly different countries with distinct cultures. Here are some of their cultural differences:

Language

Belize's official language is English, but many other languages are spoken throughout the country, including Spanish, Creole, Mayan, German, Chinese, Lebanese, and Arabic. On the other hand, Mongolian is the official language of Mongolia, which belongs to the Ural-Altaic language family and is spoken by over 10 million people worldwide.

Religion

Belize is a predominantly Christian country, with a majority of the population being Roman Catholic. However, due to British influence, there is also a significant Protestant population. In Mongolia, the traditional belief systems are Tengrism and Shamanism, which have been practised since ancient times. Tibetan Buddhism became the dominant religion in the 17th century and continues to be widely followed. A small Muslim community, mostly ethnic Kazakhs, also exists in Mongolia.

Ethnic Groups

Belize is home to various ethnic groups, including Creole, Garifuna, Maya, Mestizo, Chinese, East Indian, European, Lebanese, Mennonite, and more. In contrast, Mongolia has a more homogeneous population, with the majority being ethnic Mongols. However, there are also small populations of ethnic Kazakhs and other groups.

Cuisine

Belizean cuisine is diverse, influenced by its history and various cultural groups. It includes spicy Creole dishes, English staples like corned beef, and Mayan delicacies such as fried paca. Rice and beans are a staple, and coconut milk, plantains, and hot peppers are commonly used ingredients. In Mongolia, the cuisine is heavily based on meat and dairy products, with mutton being the most common type of meat consumed. Traditional dishes include "buuz" (meat dumplings), "khuushuur" (meat pastry), and "khorkhog" (a meat stew).

Arts and Literature

Belize has a rich cultural heritage that includes music, dance, and literature. The country's oral traditions and storytelling play a significant role in shaping its literature. On the other hand, Mongolian arts and literature are closely tied to their nomadic traditions and history. Traditional Mongolian arts include music, dance, and literature, with throat singing and the Morin Khuur (horse-headed fiddle) being unique aspects of their musical tradition. Mongolian literature has a long history, including both oral and written traditions, with "The Secret History of the Mongols" being a well-known example.

Architecture

Belize's architecture reflects the country's Caribbean and Central American influences. In contrast, Mongolian architecture is shaped by its nomadic traditions and harsh winters. The traditional Mongolian home, known as a "ger," is circular, portable, and constructed using felt, wood, and canvas.

Frequently asked questions