Safer Living: Nicaragua Or Belize?

Nicaragua and Belize are two of the most underrated countries in the world, offering beautiful landscapes, rich food, and fun cultural experiences. However, they are also known for their high crime rates and political instability, which has many potential visitors reconsidering. So, which is the safer option?

Belize

Belize is a small country with a very low population density of about 380,000 people. It has a high crime rate, with around 140 murders a year, and is tied with Colombia in this regard. The murder rate in Belize is somewhere between the 3rd and 6th highest in the world, comparable to major US cities like Detroit, Chicago, and Houston. Belize also has a problem with gangs and is a major port for the transportation of illegal drugs. The US State Department warns that gang members and other criminals have used high-powered weapons to resolve disputes. The Canadian government also writes that criminal activity, including armed robbery, mugging, and sexual assault, is a significant problem throughout Belize.

However, most of the crime in Belize is concentrated in a relatively small pocket in Belize City, which accounts for the vast majority of crimes in the country. The statistical chance of being involved in a serious crime is low, especially in the villages and towns where most tourists and expats live. The statistical chance of being involved in a serious crime is low, and common-sense behaviours can further reduce the risk.

Nicaragua

Nicaragua has a high crime rate and has experienced political instability and civil unrest in recent years. In 2023, it was ranked 123rd on the Global Peace Index's list of safest countries, with a high homicide rate, high incarceration rate, and political instability. Protests against the government have turned violent, and authorities have brutally cracked down on dissidents.

However, Nicaragua has one of the lowest homicide rates in Latin America and the Caribbean, lower than some more popular tourist destinations such as Jamaica and Costa Rica. Nicaragua also does not have the Mara-style street gangs that are notorious in other Central American countries. While organised crime and political violence are concerns, most violent crimes rarely target tourists.

Conclusion

Both countries have their fair share of safety concerns, but with common sense and some simple precautions, these risks can be mitigated. Ultimately, Nicaragua may be the safer option, especially for coastal towns, which tend to have less violent crime. However, Costa Rica is safer than both, with a lower crime rate and less risk of civil unrest.

Crime rates and safety in Nicaragua and Belize

Nicaragua and Belize are both Central American countries that attract millions of tourists every year. However, the region has a reputation for high crime rates and government corruption, which may deter potential visitors and expats.

Nicaragua

Nicaragua has a reputation for being unsafe, but it is considered one of the safest countries in Central America. While the country's murder rate is low, overall crime is increasing and is projected to surpass that of Costa Rica in the coming years. Gangs are becoming more violent, and crimes such as mugging, purse snatching, and armed robberies are common in public places, near ATMs, and on crowded buses. Violent crimes are spreading from poorer to more affluent neighbourhoods and tourist destinations, including major resorts and hotels.

In addition, sexual assaults, home invasions, and robberies are on the rise in remote areas, particularly at beaches. Kidnappings, including "express kidnappings" by taxi drivers, are also a growing concern. The country's poverty and underdeveloped police force contribute to the crime issue, as the majority of crimes go unreported due to police being ill-equipped to respond.

Belize

Belize, an English-speaking country in Central America, is known for its Mayan ruins and excellent diving and snorkelling opportunities. While it is not included in the Global Peace Index (GPI) rankings, it is generally considered safer than the Northern Triangle countries of El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras, where most of the region's violent crime occurs.

Belize's crime rate statistics for 2022 were 0.00, a 100% decline from 2021. However, in 2021, the crime rate was 31.25, a significant increase from previous years. While specific crime statistics for Belize are limited, it is important to note that crime rates can fluctuate, and it is crucial to stay informed about the latest safety information when considering travel to any destination.

In summary, while both Nicaragua and Belize have their safety concerns, Nicaragua appears to be experiencing a more significant increase in overall crime, with a particular rise in violent crimes and kidnappings. Belize, on the other hand, has seen a recent decline in its crime rate, but it is still important to stay vigilant and follow general safety guidelines when visiting.

Political instability in Nicaragua and Belize

Nicaragua and Belize have both experienced political instability in recent years, with issues such as government corruption, economic crises, and civil unrest contributing to a volatile situation in both countries.

Nicaragua

Nicaragua has been grappling with a political and economic crisis since 2018, triggered by the decision of the former Marxist revolutionary and current President Daniel Ortega to slash social security benefits. This decision sparked widespread protests, with hundreds of thousands of people taking to the streets to demand Ortega's resignation. The government responded with a crackdown by state and paramilitary forces, resulting in hundreds of deaths and injuries. The violence has drawn widespread condemnation from human rights groups, regional organizations, and foreign governments, including the United States. The instability has also had a significant impact on the country's economy, with a decline in tourism and a contraction of the developing market.

Belize

Belize, a parliamentary representative democratic monarchy, has experienced regular rotations of power through competitive elections. However, the country faces challenges such as government corruption, police brutality, and a high rate of violent crime. Belize has one of the highest per capita murder rates in the world, and a state of emergency was declared in August 2021 due to a spike in shootings in Belize City. Additionally, authorities have been slow to address issues such as human trafficking and gang-related violence. While the political system in Belize allows for opposition parties to increase their support and gain power through elections, there are concerns about the influence of unregulated campaign financing on the transparency of the political process.

In summary, both Nicaragua and Belize have experienced political instability, with issues such as government corruption, economic crises, and civil unrest contributing to a volatile situation. Nicaragua's political crisis has led to widespread violence and condemnation from the international community, while Belize struggles with a high rate of violent crime and persistent problems with police brutality and human trafficking.

Tourist experiences in Nicaragua and Belize

Nicaragua and Belize are countries located in Central America, with a variety of tourist experiences on offer. Both countries have a range of natural attractions, cultural sites, and adventure activities to offer visitors. Here is an overview of some of the tourist experiences you can expect in each country:

Nicaragua:

• Colonial Cities: Nicaragua is home to charming colonial cities such as Granada, the oldest city in the 'New World', and Leon, the second-largest city in the country. Granada, with its Moorish and Andalusian architecture, is set on the banks of Lake Nicaragua. Leon is known for its mural-lined streets and relatively fewer tourists.
• Natural Wonders: Nicaragua boasts impressive natural wonders like the Masaya Volcano National Park, where visitors can witness lava flow in the Santiago Crater. The country is also home to other volcanoes, such as the Maderas and Concepción volcanoes on Isla Ometepe, which require a local guide to visit.
• Adventure Activities: Adventure seekers can enjoy activities like volcano sandboarding, kayaking at Juan Venado Island Nature Reserve, and exploring caves at Actun Tunichil Muknal (ATM caves).
• Cultural Experiences: Visitors can explore markets, such as the Monimbo artist village and the market in Monimbo, and learn about the country's history and culture.
• Beach Experiences: Nicaragua offers beach experiences on both the Pacific and Caribbean coasts, although caution is advised when swimming due to strong currents and undertows.

Belize:

• Caribbean Coastline: Belize boasts a beautiful coastline along the Caribbean Sea, offering activities such as deep-sea fishing, swimming, snorkelling, and scuba diving.
• Jungle Exploration: The vast jungles of Belize are home to exotic plants and animal species, providing opportunities for nature lovers to explore and observe wildlife.
• Mayan Ruins: Belize is home to several Mayan ruins, including the Copan archaeological site, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and the Tikal National Park, with its jungle-shrouded limestone temples.
• Island Relaxation: Caye Caulker, a tiny Belizean island, offers white sand beaches, snorkelling opportunities, and a laid-back atmosphere with beach BBQs and lazy afternoons in hammocks.
• Cultural Immersion: Visitors can immerse themselves in the local culture by interacting with the friendly Belizean people, enjoying traditional dishes like pupusas, and exploring sites like the Macaw Mountain Bird Park.

Transport in Nicaragua and Belize

Nicaragua

Nicaragua is accessible by land and air. The country has a major international airport in the capital, Managua, called the Augusto Cesar Sandino International Airport. The country also has land border crossings with Honduras and Costa Rica.

By Land

There are three main land border crossings with Honduras: Las Manos, El Espino, and Guasaule. There are also two main land border crossings with Costa Rica: Peñas Blancas and San Pancho.

By Air

The Augusto C. Santino International Airport in Managua is the only international airport in Nicaragua. However, many people choose to fly to the nearby Liberia Guanacaste Airport in Costa Rica and cross the Nicaraguan land border at Peñas Blancas.

Within the Country

Public transport in Nicaragua is mostly served by buses on both short and long-range distances. There are five different types of buses, based on the size of the vehicle, target group, frequency of stops, and distance. Urban buses can be found in Managua, Estelí, León, Chinandega, Matagalpa, and Bluefields. The cost of these buses ranges from 2.50 C$ in Managua to 10 C$ in Bluefields.

Another mode of transport in Nicaragua is the ferry. There are a number of ferry services that go to Ometepe Island in the middle of Lake Nicaragua. Most ferries to Ometepe Island go from San Jorge, which is a 15-minute drive from Rivas.

Safety

Public transport is a safe, easy, and cheap way to travel around Nicaragua. However, petty crime can be an issue, so it is important to keep an eye on your belongings and be aware of your surroundings. When it comes to road safety, roads between major cities in Nicaragua are generally well-maintained. However, roads in beach and rural areas may be unsealed and susceptible to flooding during the rainy season.

Belize

Belize is considered a relatively safe place to visit, but there are some safety concerns to be aware of, especially in Belize City, which has the highest crime rate in the country. Violent crime is on the rise in urban areas, and the country ranks consistently in the top 10 countries in the world with the highest rate of homicides. However, tourists are usually not the target of violent crimes and most concerns about safety in Belize are due to gang activity and corresponding violent crimes in Belize City.

Within the Country

Getting around Belize can be done through various means, including buses, taxis, and hitchhiking. Hitchhiking is quite common and safe in Belize, and it is a great way to get around the country.

Buses in Belize are usually old, colourfully decorated American school buses that have been converted for public transportation. These buses are known as "chicken buses" and are a cheap and fun way to get around, but they can also be crowded, slow, and packed.

Taxis in Belize are safe and preferred for getting around at night. Authorized taxis can be identified by their green license plates. It is recommended to have your accommodation call a taxi for you to ensure you get a reputable driver.

Safety

While Belize is generally considered safe, it is important to take certain precautions to ensure your safety. Here are some tips for staying safe while using transportation in Belize:

• Avoid isolated areas, especially at night, as you may be at a greater risk of getting robbed.
• Be aware of your surroundings, especially in crowds, as tourists are often targets for pickpockets.
• Do not wear flashy items or display signs of wealth, as this can make you a target for petty theft.
• Avoid public transportation at night, and if possible, take a taxi instead.
• Be careful on public transit, especially at night, and keep your valuables secure.

Healthcare in Nicaragua and Belize

Healthcare in Nicaragua

Healthcare in Nicaragua is a collaboration between private and public institutions. The Nicaraguan government guarantees universal free healthcare for its citizens. However, limitations in the current delivery models and unequal distribution of resources and medical personnel contribute to the persistent lack of quality care in more remote areas of the country, especially among rural communities in the Central and Atlantic regions.

The current Nicaraguan public health system follows a decentralized model that consists of three distinct administrative levels, each associated with different health services: the central level, the SILAIS (Local Systems of Comprehensive Care) level, and the municipal level. The Nicaragua Ministry of Health (MINSA) directs the central level and is committed to ensuring universal access to free health services.

Since the 1990s, the Nicaraguan government has been adopting more market-oriented economic policies that have affected the health sector. This shift has involved increased private sector activity and the decentralization of public services. Access to privately-operated healthcare services in Nicaragua may pose challenges for rural communities due to factors such as high costs, chronic understaffing, limited diagnostic and pharmaceutical resources, and remote locations requiring extended travel.

Nicaragua has seen improvements in health outcomes over the past few decades, with life expectancy increasing to 74.5 years as of 2016. However, there are still challenges in meeting the diverse healthcare needs of the population, especially in rural and underserved areas.

Healthcare in Belize

Belize's healthcare system includes both public and private sectors. The Ministry of Health (MoH) is the government agency responsible for overseeing the entire health sector and is the largest provider of public health services in the country. The MoH offers affordable care to the majority of Belizeans with a focus on providing quality healthcare through various public programs and institutions.

The private health sector in Belize serves a smaller portion of the population but offers care at a relatively low cost, similar to the public sector. However, the country has been criticized for not having enough healthcare facilities, specialized physicians and staff, and advanced equipment.

Belize has a network of approximately 60 public health clinics and 700 public hospital beds, providing primary medical and dental care to rural areas. However, these health clinics often suffer from inadequate staffing, lack of financial resources, and insufficient equipment and medicine, leading to reduced access to quality care.

The country has been working to improve its healthcare system, and significant changes have been made. As a result, Belize has shown improvements in several areas, including a reduction in vaccine-preventable deaths. However, there are still challenges, such as a high prevalence of communicable diseases, a high mortality rate from non-communicable diseases, and limited equity in access to healthcare and distribution of resources.

Frequently asked questions