York County: New Brunswick's Hidden Gem

York County is located in west-central New Brunswick, Canada, and shares its western border with the US state of Maine. The county was established in 1785 and was named after the second son of King George III, Prince Frederick-Augustus, who was made Duke of York in 1784. York County contains the provincial capital, Fredericton, and is bisected by the Saint John River. Outside the city, farming and forestry are two major industries in the county.

York County's history and establishment

York County, located in west-central New Brunswick, Canada, was established in 1785. It was named after the second son of King George III, Prince Frederick-Augustus, who was made Duke of York in 1784.

York County was one of the original counties created when New Brunswick was initially divided into parishes in 1786. The county was divided into the parishes of Fredericton, Kingsclear, Prince William, St. Mary’s, Queensbury, Northampton, and Woodstock, with the northern portion left unassigned.

By 1831, the top half of the county was highly populated due to the rich soil in the region, so it was split off to become Carleton County. Woodstock, Northampton, and the unassigned lands were separated as Carleton County in the same year.

York County's population as of the 2021 Census was 105,261, with a land area of 8,095.1 km2 (3,125.5 sq mi). Outside the city of Fredericton, farming and forestry are two major industries in the county, which is bisected by the Saint John River.

The county's geography and natural features

York County, located in west-central New Brunswick, Canada, boasts a diverse geography and an abundance of natural features. The county is bisected by the majestic Saint John River, often referred to as "The Rhine of North America", which flows through the province from north to south. The Southwest Miramichi River also meanders through the northern section of the county.

York County is characterised by its rolling hills and mountainous landscapes. The northern uplands rise to impressive heights, with Mount Carleton, located in the northwestern region, standing tall at 820 metres (2,690 feet) as the province's highest peak. The central and eastern parts of the province offer a gentler landscape of rolling hills, while the southern coast features sharp hills that slope down to tidal marshes and a lowland plain.

Forests dominate the landscape of York County, covering approximately 85% of the landmass. The Acadian forest, a unique blend of northern hardwoods and boreal species, provides habitats for a diverse range of flora and fauna. The county is also home to a vast network of rivers and lakes, offering recreational opportunities for anglers, rafters, and sailors. Notable waterways include the Miramichi, Restigouche, Nepisiguit, Salmon, St. Croix, and Tobique rivers, as well as Grand, Chiputneticook, Magaguadavic, and Oromocto lakes.

Agriculture and forestry are the two major industries in York County outside of the city of Fredericton, the provincial capital. The rich soil of the region, particularly along the rivers, makes it ideal for farming. The upper Saint John River, in particular, is flanked by low plateaus of well-drained sandy loam with good lime content, making it excellent for potato cultivation.

The climate of York County is typically continental, influenced by its proximity to the ocean. January is generally the coldest month, with temperatures in Fredericton averaging a high of -4°C and a low of -15°C. Summers are much warmer, with Fredericton experiencing average highs of 25°C and lows of 13°C in July. The coastal communities enjoy milder winters and slightly cooler summers compared to the inland areas.

Demographics and population

York County, New Brunswick, Canada, had a population of 99,411 in 2016. By 2021, the population had increased to 105,261, a change of 5.8% from 2016. The county has a land area of 8,095.1 km2 (3,125.5 sq mi) and a population density of 13.0/km2 (33.7/sq mi).

The county contains eleven municipalities, two First Nations reserves, and is subdivided into fourteen parishes. Outside the city of Fredericton, farming and forestry are two major industries.

The average household income in York County is $81,409, with a poverty rate of 31.88%. The median age is 24 years: 23.9 years for males and 24.2 years for females.

York County is ethnically diverse. In the past, 25% of the total Hungarian population of New Brunswick resided in the county, and 35% of the population was Hungarian in 1930. While the Hungarian community remains active, there are also growing Hispanic and Asian communities, particularly around French Street.

The highest rate of high school graduation in the county is among white people, at 93.41%. The highest rate of bachelor's degrees is among Asian people, at 78.45%.

In York County, 45.73% of residents speak only English, while 54.27% speak other languages. The most common non-English language is Spanish, spoken by 45.46% of the population.

Industries and economy

York County, New Brunswick, Canada, has a varied economy, with industries including farming and forestry. The county is home to Fredericton, the provincial capital, which is a hub for business and government.

Farming and Forestry

Outside Fredericton, farming and forestry are the county's two major industries. York County is bisected by the Saint John River, which provides a natural resource for the forestry industry and irrigation for farming. The rich soil in the region has historically attracted people to the area.

Healthcare

York County is also known as 'The Healthcare City' due to its concentration of medical facilities. These include the Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital and medical school, and Saint Peter's University Hospital.

Pharmaceuticals

York County is also a hub for the pharmaceutical industry, with the corporate headquarters and production facilities of several global pharmaceutical companies located in the city, including Johnson & Johnson and Bristol Myers Squibb.

Education

York County is home to Rutgers University, which hires a large workforce of professors, support staff, researchers, and administrators. The university is also a centre for research, with over 60 research facilities.

Manufacturing

York County has a strong manufacturing sector, with Johnson & Johnson's world headquarters and manufacturing facilities located in the city.

Tourism

York County also has a tourism industry, with natural attractions such as the Saint John River and the Southwest Miramichi River, which flows through the northern section of the county.

Attractions and notable places

York County, located in west-central New Brunswick, Canada, is home to a variety of attractions and notable places. Here are some of the highlights:

Fredericton

The provincial capital, Fredericton, is a vibrant city nestled alongside the Saint John River. The city offers a blend of cultural and historical experiences. The Fredericton Garrison District, located along the river, showcases heritage buildings and grassy lawns, hosting various festivals and historical reenactments during the summer. Near the garrison, you'll find several museums, including the Fredericton Region Museum, the School Days Museum, and the NB Sports Hall of Fame. Fredericton is also home to the Beaverbrook Art Gallery, featuring a diverse range of artistic styles.

Boyce Farmers Market

On Saturday mornings, Fredericton's Boyce Farmers Market comes to life. As one of Canada's top community markets, it boasts a diverse range of local farmers, food producers, and craftspeople. You'll find everything from wild blueberry jam and handmade soaps to fresh produce and delicious baked goods. It's a great place to interact with the local community and immerse yourself in the region's culinary and artisanal culture.

Rutgers University

Rutgers University, located in New Brunswick, is a prominent educational institution with a rich history. The university offers a plethora of artistic and educational experiences for visitors. The Rutgers Gardens, spanning 180 acres, showcase a variety of botanical wonders, including an American plants garden, a bamboo grove, and a water conservation garden. The Kirkpatrick Chapel, constructed in 1873, is an exemplary Gothic Revival architecture piece with stunning stained glass art.

George Street Playhouse

The George Street Playhouse is a cultural hub in New Brunswick, offering a range of performances by local talent. From classic off-Broadway shows to new and experimental productions, the playhouse provides a diverse theatrical experience. It has a rich history, having originally opened in the 1970s, and continues to be a popular destination for locals and tourists alike.

Zimmerli Art Museum

With over 60,000 works of art, the Zimmerli Art Museum caters to a wide range of artistic tastes. The museum features American, European, Russian, Asian art, and the art of children's literature. It also hosts rotating exhibits, ensuring a fresh and dynamic experience for repeat visitors.

State Theatre New Jersey

The State Theatre in New Jersey is a century-old theatre that exudes elegance and charm. With its rich red seats and 1920s ambiance, it is the perfect venue to enjoy a concert, play, or orchestral performance. The theatre's programming varies, providing a diverse range of entertainment options for visitors.

York County, New Brunswick, offers a blend of natural beauty, cultural experiences, and historical sites. These attractions showcase the region's diverse appeal and provide visitors with a well-rounded and engaging travel experience.

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