Exploring Nova Scotia And New Brunswick

Nova Scotia and New Brunswick in Canada are known for their scenic coastal beauty, with fishing harbours, sandy beaches, islands, and lighthouses. The best time to visit is between June and September, as some restaurants, attractions, and inns may be closed or have limited hours during the off-season. July to August is peak whale-watching season.

Nova Scotia has a varied landscape, from the foggy Atlantic Ocean in the southeast to the Bay of Fundy and its tidal salt marshes in the west. The province offers a slow-paced, peaceful vacation, with a breezy climate and a cold, snowy winter. The Fortress of Louisbourg National Historic Site is a living history museum representing the fort life of the mid-18th century.

New Brunswick, on the other hand, offers natural wonders such as the world's highest tides, whale-watching, and the warmest saltwater swimming north of Virginia. The province also has historic houses, museum villages, and miles of hiking trails. The Bay of Fundy and Fundy National Park are top attractions, with dramatic cliffs, sea caves, and fantastic rock formations created by the rushing waters of the bay.

Whale-watching in the Bay of Fundy

The Bay of Fundy is one of the Seven Natural Wonders of North America, and it's easy to see why. It has the highest tides in the world, beautiful rugged shorelines, and a wonderfully diverse group of whales. The Bay of Fundy is a critical habitat for many species of whales and dolphins, with over eight species of whales and a whale population that can exceed 300 at any one time. The best time to see these majestic creatures is from June to October, with August being the prime month.

The Bay of Fundy is home to some Canada's most elusive whales, including the massive fin whale, the ever-popular humpback, the small fry minke, and the once rare northern right whale. The humpback is probably the most famous of the visitors to the Bay of Fundy, with whale watchers in this area being quite familiar with these massive mammals. The fin whale is one of the largest, reaching an impressive 79 feet and 265,000 pounds. The minke is among the smallest, with only the pygmy right whale being smaller, but it still measures a whopping 25-30 feet in length and weighs 12,000 pounds. The northern right whale was once one of the most endangered, but thanks to conservationists, their numbers are now growing annually, and the Bay of Fundy is your best bet to catch a glimpse.

There are various whale-watching tours available, departing from St. Andrews, Grand Manan, and Campobello Island in New Brunswick, as well as various harbours near Digby, Nova Scotia. These tours typically last between 2.5 and 4 hours, with some offering heated cabins, blankets, and rain gear for the cool Bay breezes. The tours follow a strict code of ethics, ensuring the whales are not disturbed or harassed, and providing a safe and respectful distance for observation.

The Bay of Fundy is more than just a whale-watching destination. It offers towering columns of hexagonal basalt rock along the southern shore of Brier Island, creating dramatic cliffs. The area is also a bird-watcher's paradise, with the prestigious Field Guides International Incorporated of Austin, Texas, suggesting that birders can "expect the unexpected." The number and variety of shore and seabirds are spectacular, and in the fall, the island becomes a popular stopover for hundreds of migrating warblers, shorebirds, and raptors.

So whether you're a whale enthusiast, a bird-watcher, or simply looking to immerse yourself in the raw beauty of nature, the Bay of Fundy is a must-visit destination, offering a unique and thrilling experience.

Hiking in Fundy National Park

Fundy National Park in New Brunswick, Canada, offers over 100 kilometres of hiking trails, showcasing the highest tides in the world, the Acadian forest, and the Caledonia Highlands. The park has a large trail system with soaring coastal views, lush forests, deep stream valleys, and backcountry pools.

The Fundy Circuit is a multi-day hiking experience that connects 48 kilometres of the park's trails, highlighting the best of its river valleys, lakes, coastal forests, and beaches. The Fundy Challenge tests hikers' determination to hike 100 kilometres in Canada's National Parks, with no time limit for completion.

The park's trail network is ranked using the international system, ensuring visitors know what to expect. Easy trails are flat and have hard-packed surfaces, suitable for all visitors, including wheelchair users. Moderate trails feature some elevation gain and short steep sections, recommended for hikers with basic experience. Difficult trails have significant elevation gain, steep sections, or obstacles, and are intended for experienced hikers with proper equipment.

Some of the best trails in the park include the Third Vault Falls Trail, a 4.4-mile hike that takes you through woodlands to a beautiful waterfall; the Moosehorn and Laverty Falls Loop, a 4.2-mile trail that showcases one of the park's most impressive waterfalls; and the Dickson Falls Trail, a 0.7-mile trail through pristine old-growth forest with boardwalks and waterfalls.

The park also offers the opportunity to explore the ocean floor at low tide and go sea kayaking at high tide. Visitors can witness the majestic power of the tides, with over 150 billion tons of water surging in and out, and can hike to historic lighthouses and clifftop overlooks.

The best time to visit the park is from June to September, as some attractions may be closed or have limited hours during the off-season.

Exploring the St. Martins Sea Caves

Formed by the constantly changing tide cycle of Fundy Bay, the St. Martins Sea Caves are a natural phenomenon. The Bay of Fundy has the highest tides in the world, with 150 billion tons of water flowing in and out every six hours. During high tide, the caves are completely submerged in the clear blue waters of the bay. However, at low tide, the landscape transforms, revealing magnificent caves and small streams.

The St. Martins Sea Caves are located in the village of St. Martins, about 3 km from the village centre. The caves are free to visit and are best accessed during the summer months when the hiking paths are clear of ice. To walk on the ocean floor and explore the caves, you need to check the tidal charts before your visit, as the tide rises and falls every six hours and 13 minutes.

When visiting the caves, it is recommended that you wear sturdy beach shoes or hiking boots, as the rocks can be slippery and large. It is also important to be aware of the tides and give yourself plenty of time to return to shore before the water rises. At high tide, you can explore the caves by kayak with a company such as Red Rock Adventure.

The shallow cave walls are a gorgeous shade of red, with water dripping down, and from within, you can see the cliffs and seafloor outside. There are also hiking trails along the cliffs, offering breathtaking views of the bay.

For a unique dining experience, Red Rock Adventure offers a five-course meal on the ocean floor at low tide, with locally inspired dishes and stories of natural and cultural history.

Nearby, there are great restaurants serving fresh maritime cuisine, such as the Caves and Seaside restaurants, which compete for the title of "world's best" seafood chowder. If you visit during high tide, you can also explore the Fundy Trail Parkway, a 16 km road with walking trails offering views of lush forests and cliffs.

So, whether you're walking the ocean floor, kayaking at high tide, or dining in a unique setting, the St. Martins Sea Caves offer a memorable and captivating experience on the Bay of Fundy coastline.

Visiting the Fortress of Louisbourg National Historic Site

The Fortress of Louisbourg National Historic Site is a must-see attraction when visiting Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. Located just east of Sydney, Nova Scotia, the fortress is a portal to the past, offering a unique and immersive experience. Here are some tips and information to make the most of your visit:

History and Reconstruction

The Fortress of Louisbourg was founded by the French in 1713 and was once one of North America's busiest 18th-century seaports. Today, the site features a reconstructed section of the French colonial town, including costumed guides and richly furnished exhibits. The reconstruction is the largest and best of its kind in North America, providing visitors with a glimpse into the short but eventful history of this mighty fortress, which was battled over by the French and the British.

Things to Do and See

• Explore the Town and Fortifications: Wander through the reconstructed streets, taking in the sights and sounds of 18th-century colonial life. Interact with costumed interpreters, admire the richly furnished exhibits, and learn about the daily lives of the people who once called Louisbourg home.
• Mi'kmaw Interpretive Centre: Discover the rich heritage of the Mi'kmaw people of Unama'ki (Cape Breton Island). This interpretive centre showcases the culture and history of the indigenous community that has deep roots in the region.
• Hiking Trails: Outside the fortress walls, you can explore five hiking trails that offer stunning views of the North Atlantic shoreline and the surrounding area. These trails provide an opportunity to immerse yourself in nature and get a different perspective on the fortress and its history.
• The King's Bastion: This defensive structure is an iconic part of the fortress and offers a glimpse into the military strategies of the time.
• Culinary Experiences: Treat your taste buds to the flavours of 18th-century colonial living. Sip on Fortress Rum, the local favourite, and indulge in traditional French recipes served by costumed staff.
• Overnight Accommodations: For a truly immersive experience, consider spending the night inside the fortress walls. You can camp under the stars or stay in a period-style house, becoming an honorary Louisbourg resident.

Practical Information

The Fortress of Louisbourg National Historic Site is located at 259 Park Service Road, Louisbourg, Nova Scotia, B1C 2L2. It is open daily from May 20 to June 30, 2024, from 9:30 am to 5:00 pm. There are daily visitor fees, and admission is free for youth. The site offers guided tours, programs, and learning experiences to enhance your visit.

Touring the museums and galleries of Fredericton

Fredericton, New Brunswick, is home to several museums and galleries that showcase the region's history, art, and culture. Here is a guide to help you tour these attractions:

Beaverbrook Art Gallery:

This excellent gallery, located in downtown Fredericton, is a must-visit destination. It was a gift to the town from Lord Beaverbrook and features an exceptional collection of Canadian and international art. The gallery has a variety of exhibitions throughout the year, showcasing both established and emerging artists. The gallery is well-organised, with several comfortable spaces to enjoy the artwork.

Fredericton Region Museum:

This museum provides a gateway into the history and heritage of Fredericton and central New Brunswick. It offers a range of exhibits that showcase the diverse cultural and historical aspects of the region. One of its highlights is the world-famous Coleman Frog, as well as New Brunswick's oldest human-made artefact. The museum is a great place to spend a few hours learning about the past and exploring the unexpected exhibits.

Guard House & Soldiers' Barracks:

This free attraction is definitely worth a visit. It provides an insight into the history of the soldiers' barracks and is especially enjoyable for families.

New Brunswick Sports Hall of Fame:

This hall of fame showcases the achievements of notable sports figures from New Brunswick. It is an interactive and engaging space, perfect for those interested in sports and the province's athletic history.

School Days Museum:

Take a trip down memory lane at the School Days Museum. This unique museum displays items from the past, including old student desks, books, and slates. It is a nostalgic experience, especially for those who grew up in the region.

Centre Communautaire Sainte-Anne:

This centre offers a variety of cultural programmes throughout the year, including song, music, and drama. It is a great place to visit for families, couples, and individuals, with reasonable prices and a diverse range of offerings.

University of New Brunswick Art Centre:

Located within the University of New Brunswick, this art centre is a hidden gem that showcases a variety of artistic talents. It is free to visit and a great way to support local artists.

Gallery 78:

Gallery 78 is a wonderful art gallery with a wide selection of beautiful art pieces. The staff are extremely friendly and passionate, making it a pleasant place to visit and learn about the artwork.

Fredericton's museums and galleries offer a diverse range of experiences, from exploring the region's history to admiring Canadian and international art. These cultural institutions provide entertainment, education, and a deeper understanding of the local heritage and artistic talents.

Frequently asked questions