Bahrain's Border Opening: When And What To Expect

As of May 17, 2021, Bahrain's King Fahd Causeway land border crossing into Saudi Arabia has been reopened. The causeway, which opened in 1986, is one of the busiest land border crossings in the Middle East, with an estimated 390 million passengers having used the bridge since its opening.

In addition, Bahrain reopened its borders to tourists and non-residents from 182 countries in 2020. Passengers must undergo a PCR test at their own expense after landing and remain in self-isolation until negative results are received.

Bahrain's COVID-19 testing measures for incoming passengers

As of August 2020, Bahrain's COVID-19 testing measures for incoming passengers included:

• Compulsory COVID-19 PCR testing for all passengers arriving at Bahrain International Airport.
• All incoming travellers must pay for two COVID-19 tests: one upon arrival and another after 10 days of quarantine.
• All incoming passengers must download and activate the 'BeAware Bahrain' app.
• A 10-day quarantine will be lifted for passengers who test negative upon arrival in Bahrain.
• All incoming passengers must sign a declaration stating that they will self-isolate until they receive a negative COVID-19 test result.
• Citizens, residents, and travellers staying in Bahrain for more than 10 days must test again on their 10th day of arrival.

In February 2021, Bahrain introduced additional measures, including a mandatory PCR test on the fifth day of arrival for all travellers.

As of November 2024, Saudi Arabia has reopened its land borders with Bahrain, allowing Saudi nationals to return via the King Fahd Causeway and the Al-Batha border checkpoint without prior approval. Commercial trucks from the GCC are also permitted to enter Saudi Arabia through its land ports, although truck drivers will be assessed for coronavirus symptoms at the border.

The reopening of the King Fahd Causeway

The King Fahd Causeway, which links Saudi Arabia and Bahrain, was reopened to Saudi nationals in Bahrain and the UAE on July 23, 2020. The causeway was initially closed as part of the precautionary protocols adopted by Saudi Arabia against the spread of COVID-19. With the reopening of the causeway, Saudi nationals were allowed to return to the kingdom without prior approval but were subject to COVID-19 preventive measures.

In March 2020, the kingdom restricted entry at its land border crossings with the UAE, Kuwait, and Bahrain to prevent the spread of the virus. This closure lasted for four months, after which Saudi Arabia eased COVID-19 precautionary measures and reopened its land borders for commercial trucks carrying goods and with Saudi Arabia as their final destination.

The easing of COVID-19 restrictions and the reopening of the King Fahd Causeway contributed to the resumption of cross-border activities and the normalization of economic activity between the two countries.

Bahrain's tourist attractions

Bahrain's Border Openings

As of November 2021, Bahrain has reopened its borders to tourists and non-residents from 182 countries. Passengers must undergo a PCR test at their own expense after landing and those staying longer than 10 days must take a follow-up test on the 10th day of their visit.

Bahrain is a beautiful island nation nestled in the Persian Gulf, comprising around 51 natural islands and 33 artificial islands. Here are some of the top attractions for visitors:

Manama

Manama is Bahrain's capital and a beautiful blend of traditional and contemporary styles. The city's skyline boasts glistening skyscrapers, including the iconic twin towers, which stand at around 240 meters tall. Manama offers a glimpse of authentic Islamic architecture, vibrant traditional markets, and delicious Middle Eastern cuisine. The Bahrain National Museum, Manama Souq, Bahrain National Theatre, and Al Fatih Mosque are must-visits.

Bahrain National Museum

The Bahrain National Museum is the country's largest public museum, spread over 27,800 square meters. It houses artefacts dating back to a 4000-year-old kingdom, providing a rich historical insight. The museum's beachfront location and impressive architecture make it a captivating destination.

Beit Al Quran

Beit Al Quran is a significant religious site, housing a rich collection of Qurans from almost every century. It also features one of the earliest translations of the Quran into a European language. Visitors can explore miniature Qurans, fine Islamic calligraphy, manuscripts, wood carvings, and other artefacts.

Riffa Fort

Riffa Fort, located in Riffa, is known for its stunning architecture and historical significance during the reign of Al Khalifas. It houses a small museum with artefacts and listings, along with a mosque that is open outside of prayer hours.

Hawar Island

Hawar Island is a tranquil getaway, offering natural beauty and a variety of water sports. It is home to different bird species and other wildlife, such as sand gazelles and Arabian Oryx. Visitors can also find some of the best resorts in Bahrain here.

Amwaj Island

Amwaj Island, a group of artificial islands, boasts beautiful beaches, luxurious restaurants, resorts, cafes, and shopping malls. It provides a wide range of entertainment options, ensuring there's never a dull moment.

Al Areen Wildlife Park & Reserve

Al Areen Wildlife Park & Reserve is a natural reserve and zoo, housing over 25 species of flora, more than 80 species of birds, and several mammal species. It is a haven for nature lovers, with the Water Birds Park, Wild Birds Park, Desert Flora Garden, and Wild Animals Complex.

Manama Souq

Located in the heart of Manama, Manama Souq is a traditional market where visitors can gain insight into local culture. It's a great place to bargain for souvenirs, spices, jewellery, and other popular items from Bahrain.

Juffair

Juffair, often considered an extension of Manama, has a distinct character with its rapid development. It features new towers, world-class restaurants, and excellent accommodation options. American Alley, an expatriate area, is known for its bars and fast-food restaurants.

Muharraq

Muharraq, dating back to the Dilmun Civilization, was once the capital of Bahrain. It is now the entry and exit point to the country, as it houses the Bahrain International Airport. Muharraq offers a charming traditional souk area with cafes, hookah pipes, and mint tea. It is also home to Bahrain's best football team, adding to its allure.

Hawar Islands

The Hawar Islands, situated at the southernmost point of the Bahraini archipelago, are uninhabited isles known for their arid climate. They are a haven for birdwatchers, offering the chance to spot rare and endangered species like the Socotra cormorant. Wildlife enthusiasts can also spot the Arabian Oryx in this natural setting.

Bahrain has a lot to offer for tourists, from its rich history and cultural attractions to its natural islands and luxurious resorts. With its blend of tradition and modernity, Bahrain provides a unique and captivating travel experience.

Bahrain's visa requirements

Bahrain has an updated visa policy guided by its Immigration & Residence Act 1965. This law states that foreigners travelling to Bahrain must hold valid visas unless they are from a visa-on-arrival or visa-exempt country.

Visa-on-Arrival Countries

Travellers from visa-on-arrival countries can enter Bahrain without a visa but will be issued one at the port of entry. They must have a valid passport beyond their departure dates and a return flight ticket.

Visa-Exempt Countries

Visitors from visa-exempt countries do not need visas to enter Bahrain. They must also have a valid passport beyond their departure dates and a return flight ticket.

E-Visas

The new visa policy implemented in 2014 allowed travellers from visa-free countries to apply for e-visas online before arriving in Bahrain. There are several types of e-visas available:

• Tourist e-visa: Issued to nationals from e-visa-eligible countries who want to holiday or tour the historic sites in the Kingdom. This visa is available online and allows the holder to stay for some time, depending on their nationality, which may be between 14 days or up to 6 months.
• Business e-visa: An online visa designed for business people, investors, and professionals coming to Bahrain for non-commercial engagements. This visa is issued for short-term purposes and should be distinct from a work visa. Holders of business e-visas are not allowed to work or engage in any economic activity that will earn them direct remuneration in Bahrain.
• Transit e-visa: For travellers whose final destination is not Bahrain but plan to make a brief stop before continuing their journey. Transit visas are optional for travellers who plan to remain in the airport's transit area. However, those who wish to spend a day or two in Manama before returning to the airport will need this visa.
• Family e-visa:section requiring proof of blood relation to a Bahraini resident.

Visa Costs

The Visit Visa costs BD 25 (approximately USD 66), with a processing fee of BD 4 (approximately USD 11). The total fee is BD 29 (approximately USD 77).

Visa Duration

The Visit Visa allows you to stay in Bahrain for 1 month. An extension can be obtained for another 2 weeks by visiting NPRA in Bahrain. Some nationalities can stay longer, and the visa can be used for multiple entries.

Visa Application Process

The e-visa application process involves filling out an application form with accurate information and uploading the necessary documents. The application form will take up to 3 days to process, and if successful, the e-visa will be forwarded to the applicant's email address.

Visa Requirements

To be eligible for a visa, travellers must:

• Hold a passport valid for at least 6 months on entry with one blank visa page
• Hold proof of sufficient funds
• Hold proof of onward/return flights
• Hold proof of hotel reservation
• Hold all documents required for the next destination

To complete the order form, travellers must provide:

• A copy of the passport information page
• A copy of the flight confirmation
• A copy of the hotel confirmation
• A letter of introduction (for business visas)

The threat of terrorism and civil unrest in Bahrain

Bahrain has faced threats of terrorism and civil unrest, which have impacted its border status. In February 2020, it was noted that Bahrain's human rights crisis had worsened in the nine years since the 2011 uprising. Tens of thousands of demonstrators marched in cities and towns across the country to protest the ruling Al Khalifa family’s tight grip on power, discrimination against the Shia population, and arrests of political critics. The authorities responded with a zero-tolerance policy, imprisoning, exiling, or silencing critics of the government.

In 2021, there were no successful terrorist attacks in Bahrain, but domestic security forces conducted operations to disrupt attack planning. In February, security forces prevented a plot to detonate explosives at two bank ATMs, and in September, four individuals were arrested for setting fire to a bank ATM. These individuals were accused of being funded by the Iran-based al-Wafa group. Bahrain's government is a member of the Riyadh-based Terrorist Financing Targeting Center and supports US counterterrorism efforts.

In addition to terrorism concerns, Bahrain has also faced civil unrest. In 2024, Amnesty International reported that the Bahraini government had crushed dreams of reform, with systemic injustice intensifying and political repression targeting dissidents, human rights defenders, clerics, and independent civil society. The government has ignored key recommendations from the Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry, an independent panel commissioned by the King to address international concerns over the suppression of the 2011 protests. Opposition parties have been outlawed, the only independent news outlet has been shut down, and new laws have restricted political participation.

The Bahraini government's response to critics has been harsh, as exemplified by the case of Sheikh Ali Salman, the head of the now-banned al-Wefaq opposition party. He was imprisoned for his critical political speech, had his sentence doubled, and was ultimately given a life sentence. Despite these challenges, Bahrain has made progress in countering terrorism financing and improving its ranking on the Basel Anti-Money Laundering Index.

In terms of border openings, Saudi Arabia reopened its land borders with Bahrain, the UAE, and Kuwait in 2020 as COVID-19 precautionary measures eased. Bahrain also reopened its borders to tourists and non-residents from 182 countries in 2021, with new COVID-19 testing measures in place.

Frequently asked questions