The Rise Of The Peru-Bolivian Confederation In Kaiserreich

The Peru-Bolivian Confederation was a short-lived state that existed between 1836 and 1839. It was a loose confederation made up of three states: North Peru, South Peru, and the Bolivian State. The geographical limits of the Confederation varied over time, with Bolivia occupying disputed territories in northern Argentina in 1838. The idea of uniting Peru and Bolivia was proposed by Simón Bolívar and Andrés de Santa Cruz, who became the Supreme Protector of the state in 1836. The Confederation was officially established on October 28, 1836, and ended on August 25, 1839, with its dissolution proclaimed by General Agustín Gamarra, the Peruvian restorationist president. In the Kaiserreich alternate history MOD for Hearts of Iron 4 and Darkest Hour, the formation of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation is dependent on certain in-game events and decisions. As Bolivia, the player must mishandle miners' strikes and a debt issue, leading to a petition to Peru for the formation of the confederation. As Peru, the player will receive a decision to form the confederation, but it cannot be proposed by them. Alternatively, if Bolivia becomes socialist, either country can invade the other and form the confederation.

The Peru–Bolivian Confederation was a short-lived state

The Peru–Bolivian Confederation was a short-lived union that existed between 1836 and 1839. It was a loose confederation of three states: North Peru, South Peru, and the Bolivian State. The geographical boundaries of the Confederation were fluid, with Bolivia occupying and annexing territories in northern Argentina in 1838. The Confederation also possessed autonomous indigenous territories, such as Iquicha.

The formation of the Confederation was driven by the idea of creating a great nation, shared by Simón Bolívar and Andrés de Santa Cruz, who envisioned uniting Peru and Bolivia into a single country. This idea resonated with several influential political leaders in Peru, who sought to reintegrate the two countries. Historical ties between the regions, even after independence, further fuelled the desire for unification.

The path towards the Confederation began with political instability and a coup d'état in Peru in 1835, leading to a civil war between self-declared president Felipe Santiago Salaverry and constitutional president Luis José de Orbegoso. Orbegoso allowed Bolivian President Andrés de Santa Cruz to send troops into Peru, and after Salaverry's defeat in 1836, assemblies were established to lay the groundwork for the Confederation.

The Confederation's de facto establishment was proclaimed on October 28, 1836, following the end of the war between Salaverry and Santa Cruz. It was formally created on May 1, 1837, with the Pact of Tacna, which established its legal framework and designed its flag. The Confederation was recognised by the U.S. on March 16, 1837.

However, the Confederation faced opposition from Chile and Argentina, who viewed it as a potential military and economic threat. Chile declared war on the Confederation in 1836, citing Santa Cruz's rule in Peru as illegitimate. Argentina also declared war in 1837 due to a territorial dispute with Bolivia over Tarija.

The Confederation's stability was fragile, and it faced internal challenges with multiple presidents in power simultaneously. Ultimately, it was defeated by the United Restoration Army, led by Peruvian restorationist president Agustín Gamarra and Chilean Manuel Bulnes, in the 1839 Battle of Yungay. Gamarra proclaimed the dissolution of the Confederation on August 25, 1839, marking the end of this short-lived union.

It was formed between 1836 and 1839

The Peru-Bolivian Confederation was a short-lived union that existed between 1836 and 1839. The country was formed as a loose confederation of three states: North Peru, South Peru, and the Bolivian State. The geographical boundaries of the confederation were fluid, with Bolivia occupying and annexing territories in northern Argentina in 1838, and also possessing autonomous indigenous territories such as Iquicha. The creation of the confederation was institutionalised on 1 May 1837, with the Pact of Tacna, but its formation began on 28 October 1836, with the end of the war between Salaverry and Santa Cruz, and ended on 25 August 1839, with its dissolution proclaimed by General Agustín Gamarra.

The idea of uniting Peru and Bolivia was proposed by Simón Bolívar and Andrés de Santa Cruz, who envisioned a single nation. This idea was shared by several influential political leaders in Peru, who sought to reintegrate the two countries, disagreeing only on the form of the union, whether it be a confederation or a merger. The desire to unite the two states was driven by the historical ties between the regions, even after independence.

The formation of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation was a result of political instability and civil war in Peru. In 1835, a coup d'état occurred, leading to a civil war between self-declared president Felipe Santiago Salaverry and constitutional president Luis José de Orbegoso. Orbegoso allowed Bolivian President Andrés de Santa Cruz to send troops into Peru, and after Salaverry's defeat in 1836, assemblies were established to create the confederation. Two constituent congresses were set up in each of the three founding states, with representatives from various regions, who worked towards the creation of the union pact.

The establishment of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation was met with opposition from Chile and Argentina, who viewed it as a potential military and economic threat. Chile declared war on Peru in 1836, citing Santa Cruz's rule as illegitimate and a threat to the integrity of South American nations. Argentina also declared war on the confederation in 1837 over a territorial dispute with Bolivia, accusing Santa Cruz of harbouring supporters of the Unitarian Party. Despite these conflicts, the Peru-Bolivian Confederation persisted until its dissolution in 1839.

It was a loose confederation made up of three states

The Peru-Bolivian Confederation was a short-lived state that existed from 1836 to 1839. It was a loose confederation made up of three states: North Peru, South Peru, and the Bolivian State. The geographical limits of the Confederation were not static, with Bolivia occupying and incorporating territories in northern Argentina in 1838. The Confederation also possessed de facto autonomous indigenous territories, such as Iquicha.

The creation of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation was institutionalised on May 1, 1837, with the Pact of Tacna, but its establishment dated back to October 28, 1836, marking the end of the war between Salaverry and Santa Cruz. The Confederation was under the supreme command of Marshal Andrés de Santa Cruz, who assumed the position of Supreme Protector in 1836 while also serving as the president of Bolivia.

The formation of the Confederation arose from the political instability and civil wars in Peru during the early 19th century. The civil war between self-declared president Felipe Santiago Salaverry and constitutional president Luis José de Orbegoso led to the latter allowing Bolivian President Andrés de Santa Cruz to send troops into Peru. After Santa Cruz's triumph in 1836, assemblies were established to lay the foundation for the Confederation.

Two constituent congresses were set up in each of the three founding states: in Huaura (North Peru), Sicuani (South Peru), and Tapacarí (Bolivia). Representatives from these states pledged to celebrate the union pact of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation as soon as possible. The Sicuani Assembly, established on March 16, 1836, featured representatives from several regions, including Ayacucho, Arequipa, and Cuzco. On the other hand, the Huaura Assembly, which took place from August 3 to 24, 1836, included representatives from La Libertad, Lima, and Junín, among others.

The Peru-Bolivian Confederation was a loose confederation, allowing each of its three constituent states to have their own government and equal rights. However, they were subject to the authority of a General Government, with the Central Executive Power vested in Marshal Andrés de Santa Cruz as the Supreme Protector. The General Legislative Power consisted of a Senate and a House of Representatives, with members appointed by the Protector and the General Congress, respectively.

Bolivia occupied and incorporated territories in northern Argentina

The Peru-Bolivian Confederation was a short-lived state that existed from 1836 to 1839. It was formed by three states: North Peru, South Peru, and Bolivia. The geographical limits of the Confederation were fluid, and it occupied and incorporated territories in northern Argentina in 1838.

Bolivia's occupation and incorporation of territories in northern Argentina can be attributed to the Tarija Question, a territorial dispute between Argentina and Bolivia over the region of Tarija. This dispute escalated when Bolivia occupied and annexed Tarija, leading Juan Manuel de Rosas, the governor of the Province of Buenos Aires, to declare war on the Peru-Bolivian Confederation on May 19, 1837.

During the Tarija War, Bolivian Confederate troops invaded the Province of Jujuy, the Puna de Jujuy, and the north of the Province of Salta in Argentina. The war consisted of a series of skirmishes and combats between the two forces, without any conclusive results. In May and June 1838, the Confederate army, led by Otto Philipp Braun, defeated Rosas's troops in several encounters, including the Combate de Montenegro.

However, the war came to an end without any permanent territorial changes. On February 14, 1839, General Velasco, the new president of Bolivia, expressed a willingness to negotiate the issue of Tarija. On April 26, 1839, General Rosas officially ended the war, and the occupied territories in northern Argentina were returned to Bolivia.

The Confederate Army was defeated in the Battle of Yungay

The Peru-Bolivian Confederation, a union of Peru and Bolivia, was formed in 1932 within the Kaiserreich timeline. This confederation, however, faced a significant challenge that ultimately led to its demise just a few years after its formation. The Confederate Army, known as the Confederacion, faced a decisive battle at Yungay that would shape the future of the region.

The Battle of Yungay took place on January 20, 1939, with the Confederate Army facing off against the united forces of Chile, Argentina, and Peruvian rebels. The Confederacion, led by President Omar Torrijos, had been engaged in a series of conflicts known as the "War of the Pacific," which began in 1937. The Confederation had initially enjoyed some successes, but by 1939, the tide had turned against them.

The Confederate Army was outnumbered and faced a well-coordinated attack from the allied forces. The battle itself was fierce and involved hand-to-hand combat as the Confederate forces desperately tried to hold their ground. Despite their efforts, the Confederacion was ultimately defeated at Yungay. This defeat marked a turning point in the War of the Pacific and led to the collapse of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation.

The consequences of the Confederate Army's defeat were significant. It led to the dissolution of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation and the reinstatement of separate Peruvian and Bolivian states. The peace treaty that followed the war also resulted in territorial losses for the confederacy, with Chile gaining control of disputed lands in the north and Argentina securing its hold on regions in the south. This marked a significant shift in the balance of power within South America and ended the dream of a unified Peru-Bolivian state.

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