Service Industries In Belize And Guatemala: Hospitality And Tourism

Belize and Guatemala are neighbouring countries in Central America. Belize is a small country with a population of around 400,000 people and a GDP of $1.92 billion as of 2018. Guatemala, meanwhile, is the largest economy in Central America. Both countries have thriving agricultural sectors, with Belize's agriculture contributing almost 11% of its GDP and Guatemala's contributing 13%. In Belize, sugar cane is the most important agricultural crop, while Guatemala produces coffee, bananas, and sugar cane, among other crops.

When it comes to service industries, tourism is a key pillar of Belize's economy and is the country's #1 foreign exchange earner. In 2017, tourism contributed 15% of total GDP and this number is expected to rise. Belize is also known for its business process outsourcing (BPO) industry, which includes call centres and other business support services. In fact, Belize has been ranked as the top BPO destination in Latin America and the Caribbean. Guatemala also has a growing BPO sector, although it is not as developed as Belize's.

Belize's cacao industry

Belize has a wide range of cacao varieties that grow naturally in the wild, alongside vanilla and cacao's cousin, Theobroma bicolor. The country's cacao industry is largely based in the southern districts of Toledo and Stann Creek, where smallholder farmers make up the largest group in local cacao cultivation. Approximately 1300 smallholder farming families produce cacao in Belize, and many of them use agroforestry systems, intercropping cocoa with plantain, avocado, mahogany, and other tree and fruit crops.

Belizean cacao is known for its rich and consistent flavour notes, including honey, pineapple, raisin, tobacco, and fudge. The beans have been recognised in international competitions, with Maya Mountain Cacao, a specialty cacao sourcing company, winning a Cocoa of Excellence award as one of the top 20 cocoa beans in the world in 2019.

While Belize is considered a small producer on an international scale, the country has the potential to increase its cocoa production. Efforts are currently being made to boost cocoa-chocolate exports and bring value-added contributions to Belize's agri-food system. The Toledo Cacao Growers' Association (TCGA) is working to increase participation in the cocoa-chocolate global value chain through projects supported by the European Union and the Caribbean Development Bank. These initiatives aim to encourage good agricultural practices, promote organic production, and establish facilities for processing and packaging cacao beans into cocoa powder and other products.

In addition to increasing exports and improving livelihoods for those involved in the industry, these projects also address issues of gender and social equality. Many women cacao farmers face challenges such as gender stereotypes, lack of education, and exclusion from decision-making roles. By providing labour-saving technologies and equipment, the TCGA aims to reduce these barriers and make the sector more attractive to young people.

Business Process Outsourcing (BPO)

Belize has emerged as a leading business process outsourcing (BPO) hub in Latin America and the Caribbean, surpassing countries like Jamaica, Guatemala, and Mexico. While Belize is relatively new to the BPO industry, it has quickly become a high-quality and cost-effective option for nearshore operations.

Belize's affordability, native English-speaking workforce, and proximity to the United States market have contributed to its rising status as a preferred BPO destination. The country's stable currency, attractive banking and taxation systems, and high quality of life also make it a favourable location for businesses looking to outsource.

One of the biggest draws of doing business in Belize is the fact that English is the official language. This is particularly advantageous for call centres and other business processes that require English. Belize's legal system is also based on English common law, making it a more easily understood system than can be found in other non-English speaking nations in the region.

Additionally, Belize has a strong infrastructure, including a robust educational, political, and technical framework. The country also boasts regional stability and safety, making it one of the most stable countries in the region, both politically and culturally.

The government of Belize has identified the BPO sector as a major opportunity for economic growth, and the country has gained a reasonable degree of maturity in a short span. The first contact centre opened in 2005, and more than 20 now operate across the country. Belize's BPO industry includes a wide range of back-office and professional support services.

Overall, Belize offers a favourable investment environment and is an ideal nearshore BPO destination for businesses looking to outsource.

Agriculture

In Belize, agriculture and agribusiness thrive due to significant rainfall and a stable year-round subtropical climate. Sugarcane, bananas, and shellfish production are the main sources of revenue, with citrus fruits, corn, rice, beans, and sorghum also being produced in large quantities for domestic consumption. Belize's agricultural products are exported to markets in the European Union, CARICOM, and the United States, with the United Kingdom being the main export partner for sugar. The country also has a growing aquaculture sector, with shrimp and tilapia production contributing to economic output.

Guatemala, on the other hand, has a diverse agricultural sector with more than 22 microclimates and fertile soils that support a wide range of crops. Traditional commercial crops such as coffee, sugarcane, bananas, and corn (maize) are the backbone of Guatemalan agriculture. Guatemala's agricultural exports include sugarcane, coffee, bananas, melon, berries, and vegetables, with avocados and mangoes emerging as new crops. The United States is Guatemala's largest trading partner, accounting for nearly 40% of its trade. Guatemala's agricultural sector faces challenges such as rust and drought, which have impacted coffee production, and a lack of access to certain agrochemicals and registered molecules for avocado production.

Both Belize and Guatemala have recognised the potential for expanding their agricultural sectors and are working towards improving efficiency, adopting new technologies, and exploring new markets. These efforts are aimed at enhancing economic growth, creating jobs, and addressing issues such as food security and malnutrition.

In summary, agriculture is a vital industry in Belize and Guatemala, contributing significantly to their economies and providing employment opportunities. Both countries have favourable conditions for agricultural production and a focus on traditional commercial crops, while also exploring new opportunities for expansion and development.

Tourism

Belize and Guatemala are neighbouring countries in Central America that are often visited together. Both countries offer a variety of attractions for tourists, including ancient ruins, natural wonders, and cultural experiences.

Guatemala

Guatemala is steeped in Mayan history and Spanish colonial influence, with volcanoes, traditional villages, and ancient ruins. Antigua, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and former capital, is a popular tourist destination. It boasts cobblestone streets, colourful buildings, and a rich cultural heritage. Lake Atitlán, surrounded by volcanoes, offers relaxation and water sports such as kayaking. Tikal, a vast Mayan city in the jungle, is another major attraction, providing an opportunity to explore ancient ruins and spot wildlife. Livingston, a laid-back town on the Caribbean coast, showcases Afro-Guatemalan Garifuna culture and offers boat tours.

Belize

Belize, with its British Caribbean influence, presents a laid-back atmosphere and a range of natural and cultural attractions. The Belize Barrier Reef, the world's second-largest, is a popular spot for snorkelling and diving, with crystal-clear waters and diverse marine life. Caye Caulker, a small island off the coast, is known for its white sandy beaches and relaxed vibe. San Ignacio, a town near the Guatemalan border, offers Mayan ruins, nature reserves, and the Green Iguana Conservation Project. The Mountain Pine Ridge Forest in the Highlands of Belize provides opportunities for outdoor activities such as cycling, kayaking, and exploring ancient sites like Xunantunich and Caracol. Placencia, a coastal village with a Caribbean vibe, offers beach relaxation and activities like diving, fishing, and cave tubing.

Combined Itineraries

Due to their proximity, Belize and Guatemala are often combined in tourist itineraries. A typical itinerary might include exploring ancient ruins in Tikal, Guatemala, followed by a visit to San Ignacio in Belize for more Mayan history. Tourists can enjoy water activities in Lake Atitlán, Guatemala, and then head to Caye Caulker in Belize for snorkelling and beach relaxation. The cultural highlights of Antigua, Guatemala, can be paired with a visit to the coastal town of Livingston for a taste of Afro-Guatemalan culture.

Belize and Guatemala offer a wealth of experiences for tourists seeking history, culture, nature, and adventure. The proximity of these two countries allows for a diverse and captivating journey through Central America.

Transport and communication services

Belize's transport system includes roads, waterways, and airports. The country has a total of four major asphalt-paved two-lane roads, with most other roads being unpaved, rough, and in poor condition. The primary mode of transportation for Belizeans is the bus, with most of the country's roads being accessible by bus. The major national bus lines are James, WestLine, and BBOC. Additionally, there are navigable waterways in Belize, with water taxis and ferry services available. The country also has an international airport, Philip S. W. Goldson International Airport, located in Ladyville, and a smaller airport in Belize City. Two airlines, Tropic Air and Maya Island Air, provide domestic services.

Guatemala has an extensive road network, with well-maintained highways in major cities. The country also has a total of 402 airports and airstrips, three of which are international. Domestic flights are limited, with the only regularly scheduled flights being between Guatemala City and Flores. Guatemala's urban transport system includes bus services such as Transmetro and Transurbano, which are regulated by lines with defined stops and are commonly used for short-distance transportation. Additionally, there is an intercity system that connects various cities, departments, and countries, with "chicken buses" being a common sight. These are recycled and colourfully painted former US school buses. Guatemala also has a short cross-border rail line from Mexico.

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