Lexi Webster
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere and the world's smallest continent. Covering an area of approximately 7,686,300 to 7,688,287 square kilometres, Australia is the sixth-largest country in the world, larger than even the contiguous United States. Australia is comprised of mainland Australia, Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands, including Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, and Norfolk Island. The population of Australia is highly urbanised, with approximately 95% of its nearly 28 million inhabitants living within 100 km of the coast, particularly in cities along the temperate south-eastern coastline.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Total area of Australia | 7,688,287 km2 (2,968,464 sq mi) |
| World ranking by size | Sixth-largest country |
| Population | Almost 28 million |
| Population density | 3.4 persons per square kilometre |
| Population concentration | 95% of the population lives within 100 km of the coast |
| Area of the Great Barrier Reef | 207,000 square kilometres (79,902 square miles) |
| Area of Christmas Island | 135 square kilometres (52 square miles) |
| Area of Cocos (Keeling) Islands | 14 square kilometres (5 square miles) |
| Area of Norfolk Island | 36 square kilometres (14 square miles) |
| Area of Heard Island | 910 square kilometres (350 square miles) |
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What You'll Learn
Australia's population density
Australia is the planet's sixth-largest country by area, covering 7,688,287 square kilometres. It accounts for just five percent of the world's land area and is the smallest continental land mass. Despite its size, Australia has a relatively low population density of 3.3 people per square kilometre as of June 2020. This is significantly lower than that of other countries such as the United States (36 people per square kilometre) and India (464 people per square kilometre).
The population density in Australia varies across different regions. The country's major cities, such as Sydney and Melbourne, have higher population densities. For example, Melbourne's inner city has Australia's highest population density at 22,400 people per square kilometre. Potts Point and Pyrmont, located in Sydney's inner city, have the second-highest population density in the country at 16,700 and 16,500 people per square kilometre, respectively. However, these numbers are still relatively low when compared to other global cities. For instance, New York City has a population density of over 38,000 people per square kilometre.
The low overall population density in Australia is due to the country's geographical characteristics. Most of the country's population is concentrated along the coast, while the interior, known as the outback, is largely desert and presents challenging living conditions. As a result, there are vast empty spaces in the middle of the country that contribute to the low population density when considered in combination with the populated areas.
Understanding Australia's population density is important for various reasons. It helps governments and councils plan and manage infrastructure, transportation, and public services effectively. It also impacts the availability of job opportunities and the concentration of industries in certain areas. Additionally, knowledge of population density is valuable for homebuyers and investors when making decisions about where to live or invest.
When comparing Australia's population density to other countries, it is essential to consider the methodology used in calculating the density. Dr. Michael Grosvenor, an urban planning expert from the University of Queensland, argues that some comparisons may not accurately reflect the reality of population density in Australia. He suggests that including inner-city suburbs located close to the central business district can significantly impact the calculated density. For example, considering suburbs like Potts Point, Chippendale, and Ultimo in Sydney can increase the population density to above 15,000 people per square kilometre.
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Australia's position in world size rankings
Australia is the sixth-largest country in the world by landmass, with a total surface area of approximately 7,692,030 square kilometres (2,969,907 sq mi). This puts it ahead of Brazil, which occupies 8,515,767 square kilometres (3,287,956 sq mi), and behind India, which covers 3,287,263 square kilometres (1,269,219 sq mi). To put this into perspective, if one were to superimpose Australia on a map of the world, it would cover an area larger than the contiguous United States, and almost equal to that of China or the European Union.
Australia's vast land area is comparable to that of the moon, which has a surface area of around 37,93 million square kilometres (14,64 million square miles). In fact, the country is so large that it is often referred to as a 'continent in itself'. This is not just due to its size but also because of its varied geography, which includes ancient rainforests, vast deserts, and pristine beaches.
The country's size becomes even more apparent when compared to other countries. For example, Australia is around 32 times larger than the United Kingdom, and about 1.7 times bigger than the entire European Union, which has a total area of about 4,233,255 square kilometres (1,634,469 sq mi). Australia is also significantly larger than countries such as Japan, with its land area of 377,930 square kilometres (145,921 sq mi), and New Zealand, which covers only 268,021 square kilometres (103,484 sq mi).
Despite its large landmass, Australia is relatively sparsely populated, with a population of around 25 million people as of 2022. This gives it a population density of 3.3 people per square kilometre, making it one of the least densely populated countries in the world. For comparison, the United Kingdom has a population density of 279 people per square kilometre, while the tiny city-state of Singapore has a density of 8,358 people per square kilometre.
Australia's position as the sixth-largest country in the world is unlikely to change anytime soon. However, its land area has fluctuated over time due to territorial changes and border disputes. For example, the country gained control of the Ashmore and Cartier Islands from the UK in 1931, increasing its territory by a small amount. Border disputes with neighbouring countries, such as the ongoing dispute over the maritime boundary with East Timor, may also lead to minor changes in the total area of Australia.
In conclusion, Australia's size of 7,692,030 square kilometres firmly establishes its position as one of the world's largest countries by area. This vast landmass, comparable in size to the moon, has contributed to Australia's unique geography and culture, earning it the nickname of a 'continent in itself'.
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Australia's smallest continent status
Australia is the smallest continent, with a land area of approximately 7.69 million square kilometres. This title is often a surprise to many, as Australia is widely known for its vast and varied landscapes, from its expansive deserts to its lush rainforests. However, in comparison to other continents, Australia's land mass is relatively compact.
Being the smallest continent doesn't diminish the diversity and uniqueness of Australia's geography. The continent boasts a range of landscapes and ecosystems, including the rugged Outback, the tropical rainforests of the north, and the snowy mountains in the south. Australia is also home to a diverse array of flora and fauna, with many species found nowhere else on Earth. This rich natural heritage is a source of pride for Australians and a drawcard for tourists from around the world.
The continent's size also doesn't reflect the country's small population. With a population of over 25 million people, Australia has a relatively low population density, providing ample space for its citizens. This has contributed to a sense of vastness and freedom that is often associated with the Australian way of life.
Despite its small size relative to other continents, Australia's geographical influence is significant. The country has the third-largest exclusive economic zone in the world, giving it control over a vast ocean area. This zone covers approximately 10 million square kilometres, showcasing the country's maritime power and influence in the region.
In conclusion, Australia's status as the smallest continent doesn't detract from its greatness. The country boasts a diverse and unique geography, a rich natural heritage, and a spacious environment for its citizens. Australia's influence extends far beyond its shores, and its status as a continent is well-deserved, regardless of its size. This combination of factors makes Australia a truly remarkable place, both geographically and culturally.
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Australia's population distribution
Australia is the world's sixth-largest country by area, with a total land area of 7,682,300 square kilometres or 7,688,287 square kilometres, depending on the source. It accounts for just 5% of the world's land area.
Regarding population distribution, Australia is one of the world's most urbanised countries, with 86.51% to 89% of its population living in urban areas. This is a notable increase from 1911 when only 58% of the population lived in urban areas. As of 2025, there were 23,335,357 people living in urban areas in Australia.
The population density in Australia is between 3.4 and 4 people per square kilometre, making it the third least densely populated country in the world, after Namibia and Mongolia. Most of Australia's population lives close to coastlines. As of 2024, Australia's population was 27,400,013, with an annual growth rate of 1.7%. The population has been increasing since 1901, when it was 3.8 million, and it reached 25.7 million in 2021.
The median age in Australia is between 38.3 and 38.5 years, with a life expectancy at birth of 81.1 years for males and 85.1 years for females in 2021-2023. The fertility rate in Australia is 1.50 births per woman, which is below the replacement rate of 2.1. This has resulted in an ageing population, with the median age projected to increase to between 43.8 and 47.6 years by 2071.
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Australia's territorial claims
Australia is the planet's sixth-largest country, covering 7,688,287 square kilometres. The continent of Australia, also known as Sahul, Australinea, or Meganesia, includes mainland Australia, Tasmania, and the island of New Guinea, as well as other nearby islands. Australia also has several territorial claims beyond its continental land mass.
Australian Capital Territory
The Australian Capital Territory (ACT) is one of Australia's internal territories and was established in 1909. It is home to the country's capital, Canberra, and is located within the state of New South Wales.
Jervis Bay Territory
The Jervis Bay Territory is another internal territory of Australia, located on the Australian mainland. It is legally administered by the federal government and does not have self-governing status.
Northern Territory
The Northern Territory is the third internal territory of Australia and is also located on the mainland. It has self-governing status, with its own independent executive government, legislature, and judicial system.
Ashmore and Cartier Islands
The Ashmore and Cartier Islands are part of Australia's external territories. They are located in the Indian Ocean, off the northern coast of Australia. These islands are uninhabited and are managed by the Australian Department of Infrastructure and Transport.
Australian Antarctic Territory
The Australian Antarctic Territory (AAT) is Australia's largest territorial claim, covering nearly 5.9 million square kilometres, or about 42% of Antarctica. This claim includes all the islands and territory south of 60 degrees south and between 44 degrees 38 minutes east and 160 degrees east. However, Australia's sovereignty over the AAT is only recognised by the United Kingdom, New Zealand, France, and Norway.
Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, and Coral Sea Islands
These are additional external territories of Australia, located in the Indian Ocean and the Coral Sea. They are offshore dependent territories with local government status overseen by federal departments.
Heard Island and McDonald Islands
Heard Island and McDonald Islands were transferred to Australia in 1947 and are now part of the country's external territories. These islands are located in the Southern Ocean and are managed by the Australian Antarctic Division.
In summary, Australia's territorial claims extend beyond its continental land mass and include both internal and external territories. The country has a total of ten federal territories, with three being internal and seven being external. These territories have varying degrees of autonomy and governance, contributing to the diverse administrative landscape of Australia.
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Frequently asked questions
Australia covers an area of about 7,686,300 square kilometres (2,966,200 square miles). It is the smallest continental land mass and the world's largest island.
Australia has a population density of 3.4 persons per square kilometre of total land area, which makes it one of the most sparsely populated countries in the world.
Australia has a population of almost 28 million.
