Damon Mcknight
On the 13th of September, what happened in Austria? Well, the 13th of March is a significant date in Austrian history. In 1938, Austrian Nazi Chancellor Arthur Seyss-Inquart signed a law called the Reunification of Austria with Germany, also known as the Anschluss, which formally incorporated Austria into Nazi Germany. This event marked the first act of territorial aggression and expansion by the Nazi German regime and was widely popular in both Germany and Austria. The Anschluss was celebrated by the Nazis as the fulfillment of the German people's destiny and was glorified through speeches and propaganda events.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Date | 13th March, 1938 |
| Event | Annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany, also known as the Anschluss |
| Austrian Chancellor | Kurt von Schuschnigg |
| German Leader | Adolf Hitler |
| German Chancellor | Seyss-Inquart |
| German Troops | Entered Austria on 12th March, 1938 |
| Austrian Referendum | Called by Schuschnigg for 13th March, 1938, but cancelled due to German pressure |
| Austrian Independence | Lost, became a province of Nazi Germany |
| Public Reaction | Austrians welcomed Hitler warmly, no armed resistance |
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What You'll Learn
German troops invaded Austria
On March 12, 1938, German troops invaded Austria to annex the German-speaking nation for the Third Reich. The invasion came after years of political tension and violence in Austria between right-wing and left-wing factions, including Austrian Nazis who sought unification with Germany.
In early 1938, Austrian Nazis conspired to seize the Austrian government by force and unite with Nazi Germany. Austrian Chancellor Kurt von Schuschnigg, learning of the conspiracy, met with Nazi leader Adolf Hitler to assert Austrian independence. However, he was coerced into naming several top Austrian Nazis to his cabinet and, on March 11, was pressured to cancel a planned plebiscite on Austrian independence and resign. In his resignation address, Schuschnigg pleaded with Austrian forces not to resist a German "advance" into the country.
On March 12, German troops crossed the border, accompanied by Hitler himself. They were not met with armed resistance but with cheers and flowers. Austrians welcomed Hitler warmly as he travelled first to Linz and then on to Vienna. A Nazi government in Austria, headed by Seyss-Inquart, was established.
On March 13, Austrian Nazi Chancellor Seyss-Inquart signed the "Reunification of Austria with Germany" law, also known as the Anschluss law, which formally incorporated Austria into Nazi Germany. The Anschluss was the Nazi German regime's first act of territorial aggression and expansion. It resulted in a wave of public violence against Austria's Jewish population.
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Austrian Chancellor Schuschnigg resigned
Austrian Chancellor Kurt von Schuschnigg resigned on March 11, 1938, two days before the annexation of Austria to Germany was proclaimed on March 13.
Schuschnigg was an Austrian politician and lawyer who served as Chancellor of the Federal State of Austria from 1934 until the 1938 Anschluss with Nazi Germany. He was appointed chancellor after the assassination of his predecessor Engelbert Dollfuss by the Nazi Otto Planetta. Schuschnigg's rule was characterised by Austrofascist policies and authoritarianism.
In the lead-up to the annexation, Schuschnigg attempted to preserve Austrian independence. He called for a plebiscite (referendum) on Austrian independence, scheduled for March 13, 1938. However, under pressure from Hitler and the Nazis, he was forced to cancel the plebiscite and resign. Schuschnigg was coerced into pleading with Austrian forces not to resist the German invasion.
After his resignation, Schuschnigg was arrested and imprisoned. He spent the war in solitary confinement and was eventually interned in various concentration camps. In 1945, he was liberated by the advancing United States Army and emigrated to the US after the war, where he became a professor of political science. Schuschnigg died in 1977 at the age of 79.
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Hitler entered Austria
On 13 March 1938, Hitler entered Austria, marking a significant event in the country's history. This event, known as the "Anschluss", was the political union and annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany under the leadership of Adolf Hitler.
The annexation had been preceded by a series of events and increasing German influence in Austria. In July 1936, Austrian Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg signed an agreement with Germany, compromising Austrian sovereignty by agreeing to release Nazis imprisoned in Austria and following Germany's lead in foreign policy. Despite this concession, Hitler was unsatisfied, and the pro-German Austrian Nazis continued to gain strength.
In early 1938, Chancellor Schuschnigg attempted to assert Austrian independence by announcing a referendum on the issue, scheduled for 13 March. Hitler responded by mobilizing the 8th Army and demanding Schuschnigg's resignation, which occurred on 11 March. On 12 March, German troops crossed the Austrian border, unopposed by the Austrian military, and were greeted with enthusiasm by many Austrians.
The annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany was a violation of the Treaty of Versailles and the Treaty of Saint-Germain, which expressly forbade the unification of the two countries. It marked the first act of territorial expansion by Nazi Germany and was a significant step in Hitler's expansionist agenda.
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The Anschluss was proclaimed
On March 13, 1938, the Anschluss was proclaimed, formalising the annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany. The Anschluss, meaning "connection" or "joining" in German, was the first act of territorial aggression and expansion by the Nazi regime.
The annexation was preceded by a series of events that began on March 9, when Austrian Chancellor Kurt von Schuschnigg attempted to assert Austrian independence by calling for a plebiscite (referendum) on the matter. However, on March 11, Schuschnigg was pressured to cancel the plebiscite and resign. The next day, German troops accompanied by Hitler himself, entered Austria, and a Nazi government headed by Seyss-Inquart was established.
On March 13, Austrian Nazi Chancellor Seyss-Inquart signed the "Reunification of Austria with Germany" law, also known as the Anschluss law. This formally incorporated Austria into Nazi Germany as a province, ending its existence as an independent country. The Nazis celebrated the Anschluss as the fulfillment of the German people's destiny and glorified it through speeches and propaganda events. The annexation was widely popular in both Germany and Austria, and it was met with enthusiasm and support from many Austrians.
The Anschluss had significant consequences, particularly for Austria's Jewish population, who faced public violence and persecution. Additionally, Austria's independent identity was suppressed, and it was renamed Ostmark, with Upper and Lower Austria becoming Upper and Lower Danube. Many leaders of anti-Nazi Austrian political parties, as well as political opponents, particularly communists and socialists, were arrested. The annexation also marked the beginning of World War II in Europe, as Nazi Germany pursued an aggressive foreign policy and continued its territorial expansion.
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Austria was annexed to Germany
On the 13th of September, what year are we talking about? I can tell you that on the 13th of March, 1938, Austrian Nazi Chancellor Arthur Seyss-Inquart signed the "Reunification of Austria with Germany" law, annexing Austria to Nazi Germany. This event is known as the Anschluss, which in German means "connection" or "joining".
The annexation of Austria was the first act of territorial expansion committed by Nazi Germany and a violation of the Treaty of Versailles and the Treaty of Saint-Germain, which expressly forbade the unification of the two countries. The Nazis, however, wanted to redraw the map of post-World War I Europe, considering the postwar international borders unfair and illegitimate.
In the days leading up to the annexation, German troops crossed the Austrian border and were met with cheers and flowers, rather than armed resistance. Austrian Chancellor Kurt von Schuschnigg had attempted to assert Austrian independence by calling for a plebiscite (referendum) on the matter, which was scheduled for March 13, 1938. However, on March 11, the Germans pressured Schuschnigg to cancel the plebiscite and resign. Hitler himself had previously denied any intention to annex Austria in a speech at the Reichstag.
Following the annexation, Austrians persecuted the country's Jewish population, and the Nazis carried out the Nazification of all aspects of Austrian life. Austria existed as a federal state of Germany until the end of World War II, when the Allied powers declared the Anschluss void and reestablished an independent Austria.
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