Damon Mcknight
Mental illness is a broad term for a group of illnesses that may impact a person's thoughts, perceptions, feelings, and behaviours. In Australia, mental illness is a pressing issue, with about 45% of adults expected to experience some form of mental illness in their lifetime. The most recent statistics show that 20% of Australians, or 4.8 million people, have a mental or behavioural condition, with anxiety disorders being the most prevalent, affecting 13% of the population. The situation is even more concerning among young people, with 14% of children and adolescents aged 4-17 experiencing mental illness in the previous year. This article will delve into the state of mental health in Australia, exploring the various types of mental illnesses prevalent in the country, their impact, and the support available for those affected.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Prevalence of mental illness in Australia | 20% of Australians (4.8 million) have a mental or behavioural condition |
| Lifetime prevalence | 43-45% of Australian adults will experience mental illness in their lifetime |
| Prevalence among young people | 14% of children and adolescents aged 4-17 have a mental illness |
| Gender differences | Male children and adolescents are more likely to experience mental illness than females; among young people aged 16-24, females are more likely to experience psychological distress |
| Common mental illnesses | Mood disorders (e.g., depression, bipolar disorder), anxiety disorders, psychotic illnesses (e.g., schizophrenia), substance use disorders |
| Impact | Difficulty coping with work, relationships, and other demands; increased risk of suicide |
| Treatment | Counselling, medication, or a combination of both |
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What You'll Learn
Mental illness in Australian children and adolescents
Mental illness is a common issue in Australia, with around one in five Australian adults experiencing a mental illness each year, and almost half of the adult population affected by mental illness at some point in their lifetime. Mental illness is also prevalent among Australian children and adolescents, with the most recent data from 2013-14 indicating that about 14% of young people aged 4-17 experience mental illness. This equates to approximately 560,000 young Australians.
Males in this age group were more likely than females to have experienced mental illness in the 12 months prior to the survey (16.3% compared to 11.5%). However, older females aged 12-17 had a slightly higher prevalence of mental illness (13%) compared to younger females aged 4-11 (11%). The prevalence for males did not differ significantly between the younger and older age groups (17% and 16%, respectively).
The most common mental illnesses among children and adolescents in Australia are ADHD (7.4%), anxiety disorders (6.9%), major depressive disorder (2.8%), and conduct disorder (2.1%). Notably, about 30% of adolescents with a mental illness experienced two or more mental illnesses in the previous 12 months.
Mental health problems in childhood can have a significant impact on wellbeing and are predictive of mental illness in adulthood. However, early intervention and treatment lead to better outcomes, and most mental disorders can be effectively treated. The National Children's Mental Health and Wellbeing Strategy is being developed to ensure early diagnosis and treatment, reducing the risk of lifelong disability.
Socioeconomic factors also play a role in the prevalence of mental illness among children and adolescents. Studies have found higher rates of mental illness in children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, with lower household incomes, and whose parents have lower levels of education. Additionally, mental health is influenced by social and emotional development, and stable, loving relationships with caring adults are essential for building secure attachments and protecting against anxiety.
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Psychosis and schizophrenia
The second national survey of psychotic illness in Australia, conducted in 2010, found a prevalence of psychotic illness of about 0.4% (around 64,000 people). This survey also provided estimates on the prevalence of specific psychotic disorders, with the lowest rate found in schizophrenia (0.1%) and the highest in delusional disorder (0.4%). The survey revealed that almost half of the participants with psychotic illness had a lifetime history of alcohol abuse or dependence, with the highest proportion found in those with delusional disorder (54.1%) and the lowest in schizo-affective disorder (46.5%).
Psychotic disorders involve a disconnection from reality, and experiencing symptoms of psychosis can lead to confusion and feelings of being misunderstood. These episodes can interfere with various aspects of life, including work, relationships with family and friends, studying, and managing a home. People with severe forms of psychosis can live fulfilling lives, but many require long-term support. Counselling and talk therapy, such as Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT), can be beneficial in managing psychosis and schizophrenia. Additionally, life skills programs and healthy lifestyle coaching can improve overall well-being and help prevent future episodes.
In terms of risk factors, genetics play a role, as having a close family member with schizophrenia increases the risk. Life experiences such as pregnancy complications, infections, high stress, childhood trauma, and social isolation are also associated with an increased risk. Certain drugs, such as marijuana, LSD, and speed, can exacerbate psychotic symptoms and, in some cases, trigger schizophrenia. It is important to note that psychotic illnesses are not characterised by violence.
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Mood disorders
Bipolar disorder, another prevalent mood disorder, affects up to 1% of Australians over their lifetime, with a lifetime risk of up to 5% for Bipolar II disorder. Bipolar disorder is characterised by severe mood swings, with periods of mania/hypomania and depression. During manic episodes, individuals may exhibit very high energy in speech and activity, agitation, risk-taking behaviours, and a reduced need for sleep. Depressive episodes, on the other hand, are marked by low energy and motivation, a loss of interest in daily activities, and sometimes suicidal ideation. Untreated bipolar disorder can lead to longer and more severe mood changes, with depressive episodes lasting up to 12 months and manic episodes up to 6 months.
The impact of mood disorders on daily life can be significant. They can affect one's ability to manage daily tasks, social life, work, and relationships. The severity of mood disorders can vary, and they can range from mild to moderate or severe. It is important to seek help and support for mood disorders, and effective treatments are available. For example, treatments for bipolar disorder can help prevent manic and depressive episodes, enabling individuals to function in their daily lives. Support from friends and family can also be beneficial.
In addition to depression and bipolar disorder, other mood disorders may include perinatal mental health issues, which affect up to 1 in 5 expecting or new mothers and 1 in 10 expecting or new fathers. These disorders involve changes in mood, behaviour, and wellbeing during pregnancy or after childbirth. Overall, mood disorders are a significant aspect of mental illness in Australia, impacting a substantial portion of the population and requiring ongoing support and treatment.
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Anxiety disorders
Mental illness is a common issue in Australia, affecting millions of people each year. One in five Australians experience mental illness annually, and almost half of the population will face a mental health disorder at some point in their lifetime. Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent mental illnesses in the country.
Recent data from 2020 to 2022 shows that anxiety disorders were the most common mental health issue in Australia during that period. Over this time, more than one in six Australians aged 16 to 85 (17.2%) experienced a 12-month anxiety disorder, totalling 3.4 million people. Females were more likely to experience anxiety disorders than males (21.1% compared to 13.3%). Notably, almost one in three people aged 16 to 24 (31.8%) experienced a 12-month anxiety disorder.
The types of anxiety disorders include Panic Disorder, Agoraphobia, Social Phobia, Generalised Anxiety Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. These disorders can have a significant impact on an individual's life, affecting their feelings, thoughts, behaviour, and interactions with others.
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Mental illness and suicide
Mental illness is a common issue in Australia, with about one in five Australian adults experiencing mental illness each year, and almost half of the population affected by mental illness at some point in their lifetime. The most common types of mental illness among Australians include mood disorders (such as depression and bipolar disorder), anxiety disorders, and psychotic illnesses such as schizophrenia.
Mental illness is associated with an increased risk of suicide. Suicide is a significant issue in Australia, particularly among young and middle-aged men. In 2019, suicide was the leading cause of death for Australians aged 15 to 49 years. Mental illness is a risk factor for suicide, and people with a current or previous diagnosis of mental illness are at a greater risk of suicide than those without. However, it is important to note that most people with mental illness do not die by suicide, and mental illness is one of many factors associated with suicide risk. Psychological distress, which includes symptoms such as nervousness, agitation, and depression, is also linked to suicidality.
In 2017, the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) released data on the health conditions present in people who died by suicide, known as suicide comorbidities. The data showed that 80% of suicide deaths had comorbidities, and a significant proportion of these were related to mental health. Mood disorders, including depression, were the most common, comorbid with 44% of all suicides, followed by mental and behavioural disorders due to psychoactive drug use at 29.4%. Anxiety and stress-related disorders, as well as substance use disorders, were also among the most common risk factors.
In Australia, there are various organisations that provide support and resources for people experiencing mental illness and suicidal thoughts. These include Lifeline, Beyond Blue, Black Dog Institute, and SANE Australia. These organisations offer telephone and online support, as well as resources and information to help people manage their mental health and reduce the risk of suicide.
The Australian government is also taking steps to address mental illness and suicide prevention. They have implemented initiatives such as the Better Access initiative and the National Guidelines, which aim to improve mental health and wellbeing, particularly in early childhood. Additionally, the introduction of GP-specific mental health services billable under Medicare has increased access to mental healthcare and support. Public health campaigns that destigmatise mental health disorders and raise awareness about available resources are also encouraging Australians to seek professional help.
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Frequently asked questions
Mental illness is quite common in Australia. About 45% of Australian adults will experience some form of mental illness in their lifetime, with 20% experiencing it every year. In 2021, it was estimated that 19% of the population reported receiving a serious mental illness diagnosis during their life, and 6% reported having a long-term mental illness.
Mood disorders, such as depression and bipolar disorder, are among the most common mental illnesses in Australia. Anxiety disorders are also prevalent, affecting 13% of the population in 2017. Psychotic illnesses, including schizophrenia, are another type of mental illness in Australia, affecting around 0.4% of the population. Other common mental illnesses include perinatal mental illness, which affects up to 1 in 5 expecting or new mothers and 1 in 10 expecting or new fathers, and substance use disorders.
Mental illness can manifest in various ways and affect a person's thoughts, perceptions, feelings, and behaviours. Some common symptoms include nervousness, agitation, psychological fatigue, and depression. Extreme dieting may indicate an eating disorder, while hearing voices could be a sign of psychosis. Perinatal mental illness can affect the mood, behaviour, and daily functioning of expecting or new parents. Additionally, mental illness can make it difficult for individuals to cope with work, relationships, and other demands.
