Who Conquered Austria And Bohemia?

The Kingdom of Bohemia was a medieval and early modern monarchy in Central Europe. It was ruled by various dynasties over the centuries, including the Přemyslids, Luxembourgs, Jagiellonians, and from 1526, the Habsburgs. In 1806, shortly before the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, Bohemia became part of the Habsburg Austrian Empire and subsequently the Austro-Hungarian Empire from 1867. After World War I and the fall of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Bohemia became part of the newly formed Czechoslovak Republic, which existed until the Velvet Divorce in 1993, after which Bohemia remained in the Czech Republic.

Bohemia and Moravia became a German Protectorate during World War II

The protectorate was a partially annexed territory of Nazi Germany, with a population that was mostly ethnic Czech. It was nominally autonomous and had a dual system of government, with German law applying to ethnic Germans, and other residents governed by a puppet Czech administration. The well-trained Czech workforce and developed industry were forced to make a significant contribution to the German war economy. The Czech economy was able to work almost undisturbed until the end of the war, as it was out of reach of Allied bombers based in Britain.

During the war, the administration became deeply involved in the Holocaust in Bohemia and Moravia. The Jewish population of Bohemia and Moravia (118,000 according to the 1930 census) was virtually annihilated, with over 75,000 murdered. Of the 92,199 people classified as Jews by German authorities in the Protectorate as of 1939, 78,154 were murdered in the Holocaust, or 85 percent.

The state ceased to exist after Germany's surrender to the Allies in May 1945.

The Kingdom of Bohemia was part of the Holy Roman Empire

The Kingdom of Bohemia was an Imperial State in the Holy Roman Empire. The Bohemian king was a prince-elector of the empire. The kings of Bohemia, besides the region of Bohemia itself, also ruled other lands belonging to the Bohemian Crown, which at various times included Moravia, Silesia, Lusatia, and parts of Saxony, Brandenburg, and Bavaria. The kingdom was established by the Přemyslid dynasty in the 12th century, initially as the Duchy of Bohemia, and later ruled by the House of Luxembourg, the Jagiellonian dynasty, and from 1526 the House of Habsburg and its successor, the House of Habsburg-Lorraine.

Numerous kings of Bohemia were also elected Holy Roman Emperors, and the capital, Prague, was the imperial seat in the late 14th century, and again at the end of the 16th and the beginning of the 17th centuries. Shortly before the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the kingdom became part of the newly proclaimed Habsburg Austrian Empire, and subsequently the Austro-Hungarian Empire from 1867.

Bohemia was a powerful state within the Holy Roman Empire, second only to the Habsburgs of Austria. It was traditionally considered the only kingdom in the empire, and its rulers were thus addressed as "Kings in Prussia" until the end of the empire in the early 19th century. The Bohemian king had a vote in the election of the Holy Roman Emperor, and an ambitious Bohemian king could use the empire's frequent internal struggles to his advantage, gaining valuable allies or valuable new land.

Bohemia's power and influence within the Holy Roman Empire, however, waned over time, and it eventually fell behind the more capable Habsburg family of Austria. Despite this, Bohemia remained a part of the empire until its dissolution in 1806, after which it became part of the Austrian Empire and later the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

The Habsburgs ruled Bohemia from 1526-1918

The Habsburgs ruled Bohemia from 1526 to 1918, during which time it was a crown land within the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

The Kingdom of Bohemia was established by the Přemyslid dynasty in the 12th century. It was ruled by various houses until 1526, when the House of Habsburg took over. The kingdom was a part of the Holy Roman Empire and its ruler, the Bohemian king, was a prince-elector of the empire.

Bohemia was ruled by the Habsburgs from 1526 until the end of World War I in 1918. During this time, the kingdom was passed down through the House of Habsburg and its successor, the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. In 1806, shortly before the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, the kingdom became part of the newly proclaimed Habsburg Austrian Empire. It then became part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1867.

Bohemia retained its name and formal status as a separate kingdom within these empires until 1918. Its capital, Prague, was one of the leading cities of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. However, the German language eventually prevailed as the language of the Diet, and German was also widely used as the language of administration in many towns.

The Habsburg rule over Bohemia ended in 1918 with the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire after World War I. Bohemia then became the core part of the newly formed Czechoslovak Republic.

Bohemia was annexed to Nazi Germany as Sudetenland between 1938 and 1945

The Sudeten crisis of 1938 was provoked by the Pan-Germanist demands of Nazi Germany that the Sudetenland be annexed to Germany, which happened after the Munich Agreement. The Czechoslovak government was neither invited nor consulted during the agreement. The Sudetenland was assigned to Germany between 1 and 10 October 1938. The Czech part of Czechoslovakia was subsequently invaded by Germany in March 1939, with a portion being annexed and the remainder turned into the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. The Slovak part declared its independence from Czechoslovakia and became the Slovak Republic, a satellite state allied to Germany.

The Sudetenland was initially put under military administration, with General Wilhelm Keitel as military governor. On 14 April 1939, the annexed territories were divided, with the southern parts being incorporated into the neighbouring Reichsgaue of Niederdonau, Oberdonau and Bayerische Ostmark. The northern and the western parts were reorganised as the Reichsgau Sudetenland, with the city of Reichenberg (present-day Liberec) established as its capital. Konrad Henlein, now openly an NSDAP member, administered the district first as Reichskommissar and then as Reichsstatthalter. The Sudetenland consisted of three administrative districts: Eger (with Karlsbad as its capital), Aussig (Aussig), and Troppau (Troppau).

On 4 December 1938, there were elections in Reichsgau Sudetenland in which 97.32% of the adult population voted for the National Socialist Party. About half a million Sudeten Germans joined the Nazi Party, making the Sudetenland one of the most pro-Nazi regions of Nazi Germany. Because of their knowledge of the Czech language, many Sudeten Germans were employed in the administration of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia and in Nazi organizations such as the Gestapo. The most notable was Karl Hermann Frank, the SS and police general and Secretary of State in the Protectorate.

Nazi Germany occupied Sudetenland from 1938 to 1945. Shortly after the liberation of Czechoslovakia in May 1945, the use of the term Sudetenland in official communications was banned and replaced by the term "border territory". The Berlin Declaration of 5 June 1945 disabled German annexation of Sudetenland legally. In the summer of 1945, the Potsdam Conference decided that Sudeten Germans would have to leave Czechoslovakia. As a consequence of the immense hostility against all Germans that had grown within Czechoslovakia because many of them had helped the Nazis, the overwhelming majority of Germans were expelled.

Bohemia was a province in the Austrian Empire

Bohemia was initially a duchy of Great Moravia, before becoming an independent principality and then a kingdom within the Holy Roman Empire. It was ruled by the Přemyslid dynasty from the 12th century, and then later by the House of Luxembourg, the Jagiellonian dynasty, and from 1526, the House of Habsburg and its successor, the House of Habsburg-Lorraine.

Bohemia was a kingdom in its own right within the Holy Roman Empire, and its rulers were prince-electors of the empire. The kingdom included other lands besides Bohemia itself, such as Moravia, Silesia, Lusatia, and parts of Saxony, Brandenburg, and Bavaria.

In the 13th century, Bohemia experienced large-scale German immigration, and from this time onwards, it became a bilingual country. German settlers brought mining technology to the mountainous regions, and the German language influenced the development of modern standard German.

In the early 16th century, Bohemia became part of the Habsburg monarchy, and subsequently a province of the Austrian Empire. However, it retained its name and formal status as a separate Kingdom of Bohemia within the Austro-Hungarian Empire until 1918.

After World War I, Bohemia became the core part of the newly formed Czechoslovak Republic. It ceased to be an administrative unit of Czechoslovakia in 1949, and today, it is a historical region within the Czech Republic.

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