New Brunswick's Border Cities

New Brunswick, a Canadian province, shares its border with the US state of Maine to the west and the Canadian provinces of Nova Scotia to the south, Quebec to the north, and Prince Edward Island to the east. The province is connected to Nova Scotia by the 24-kilometre-wide Isthmus of Chignecto and Chignecto Bay, and to Prince Edward Island by the 13-kilometre-long Confederation Bridge. The border with Quebec is located at the Chaleur Bay and Restigouche River, with New Brunswick located within Quebec's Gaspé Peninsula.

Moncton, Saint John and Fredericton are New Brunswick's major cities

Moncton is the most populous city in the Canadian province of New Brunswick. It is situated in the Petitcodiac River Valley and lies at the geographic centre of the Maritime Provinces. Moncton's economy is stable and diversified, primarily based on its traditional transportation, distribution, retailing, and commercial heritage. The city has earned the nickname "Hub City" because of its central inland location in the region and its history as a railway and land transportation hub for the Maritimes. Moncton's population was 79,470 as of the 2021 Census, with a metropolitan population of 171,608 in 2022, making it the fastest-growing CMA in Canada for that year. Moncton became Canada's first officially bilingual city in 2002.

Saint John is a seaport city located on the Bay of Fundy in the province of New Brunswick, Canada. It is Canada's oldest incorporated city, established by royal charter on May 18, 1785, during the reign of George III. The city was the most populous in New Brunswick until the 2016 census, when it was overtaken by Moncton. It is currently the second-largest city in the province, with a population of 69,895 over an area of 315.59 km2 (121.85 sq mi). Saint John is home to the historic King's Square, an urban park located in the city's Uptown region. The city's location along the Bay of Fundy has been of major importance to its prosperity, with shipbuilding, shipping, and lumber trade rising as prominent industries.

Fredericton is the capital city of the Canadian province of New Brunswick and is situated in the west-central portion of the province along the Saint John River. It is one of the main urban centres in New Brunswick, with a population of 63,116 and a metropolitan population of 108,610 in the 2021 Canadian census. Fredericton is an important cultural, artistic, and educational centre for the province, home to two universities, cultural institutions, and several festivals, including the Harvest Jazz & Blues Festival. Fredericton has the highest percentage of residents with post-secondary education in the province and the highest per capita income of any city in New Brunswick.

New Brunswick shares a border with the US state of Maine

New Brunswick, one of Canada's Maritime provinces, shares a border with the US state of Maine. It is Canada's only officially bilingual province, with French and English having equal status. New Brunswick is bordered by Quebec to the north, Nova Scotia to the east, and the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the Bay of Fundy to the southeast. The province has a roughly rectangular shape and is known for its beautiful natural landscapes, including its forests, rivers, lakes, and seashore.

The border between New Brunswick and Maine is an international border, requiring a passport and inspection for crossing. This border crossing also requires individuals to carry proof of identity and citizenship, such as a passport, birth certificate, or government-issued photo ID. New Brunswick's northern border with Quebec is located at the Chaleur Bay and Restigouche River, while its eastern boundary is entirely coastal, featuring warm, sandy beaches.

New Brunswick is home to several cities, including its provincial capital, Fredericton, as well as Moncton and Saint John. These three cities are the predominant urban areas in the province, with about half of the population residing in urban centres. The province also includes several historic and modern architectural sites in its cities, towns, and villages. New Brunswick offers a range of attractions, from rolling farmlands to picturesque forests and river valleys.

The province has a unique cultural and linguistic heritage, with a significant French-speaking minority comprising about one-third of the population. The Official Languages Act of 1969 recognised French as an official language alongside English, and New Brunswickers have the right to receive government services in the language of their choice. The province also has a rich history, dating back to its first inhabitants, the First Nations such as the Mi'kmaq and Maliseet.

The province is connected to Prince Edward Island by the Confederation Bridge

New Brunswick is one of Canada's thirteen provinces and territories. It is bordered by Quebec to the north, Nova Scotia to the east, the Gulf of Saint Lawrence to the northeast, the Bay of Fundy to the southeast, and the U.S. state of Maine to the west. The province is also connected to Prince Edward Island by the Confederation Bridge.

The Confederation Bridge is a box girder bridge that carries the Trans-Canada Highway across the Abegweit Passage of the Northumberland Strait. The bridge links the province of Prince Edward Island with the mainland province of New Brunswick. It is the longest bridge in Canada and the world's longest bridge over ice-covered water. The bridge is 12.9 kilometres or 8 miles long, and it takes approximately 10 minutes to cross. The speed limit on the bridge is 80 kilometres per hour (50 mph), and it costs approximately $50 for a two-axle automobile to cross.

The construction of the Confederation Bridge began in October 1993 and was completed in May 1997. The bridge was officially opened to traffic on May 31, 1997, and it took about 12 minutes to cross the bridge when travelling at the speed limit. The bridge is a two-lane toll bridge, and tolls are only applied when leaving Prince Edward Island. In addition to providing a faster and more reliable link to the mainland, the Confederation Bridge has also had a significant impact on the economy of Prince Edward Island. In its first year of operation, tourism spending on the island increased by 63%, and visits to the island topped one million for the first time in its history.

The decision to build the Confederation Bridge was not without controversy. Some people argued that the bridge would bring too many people to the small island and endanger their distinct "island way of life." Others believed that the bridge would increase tourism and provide a more cost-efficient way to deliver goods to the mainland. Despite the debate, the government of Prince Edward Island formally approved the project, and the bridge has been in operation since 1997.

New Brunswick's southern border is located at the Bay of Fundy, which has the highest tides in the world

The Bay of Fundy's tidal range reaches approximately 11.7 metres (38.4 feet), with the height of the tide difference ranging from 3.5 metres (11 feet) along the southwest shore of Nova Scotia to 16 metres (53 feet) in the Minas Basin. This natural phenomenon occurs twice daily, with the bay filling and emptying a billion tonnes of water during each tide cycle. The force generated by these tides is equivalent to 8,000 locomotives or 25 million horses at the Minas Channel.

The extreme tides in the Bay of Fundy are primarily driven by the gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun on the Earth's oceans. Additionally, the bay's funnel-like shape and the topography of its seabed contribute to the amplification of the tidal effect. The water level transitions from high to low tide or vice versa in about six hours and thirteen minutes.

The high tides in the Bay of Fundy have significant ecological, economic, and cultural impacts on the region. The immense energy of the tides stirs up nutrients from the ocean floor, providing abundant food for birds, whales, fish, and other marine life. The dramatic cliffs, sea stacks, and exposed mudflats created by the tides offer unique sightseeing and recreational opportunities. Furthermore, the Bay of Fundy's tides have influenced the development of the region's economy, including industries such as tourism and shipbuilding.

The southern border of New Brunswick, marked by the Bay of Fundy, is not just a geographical boundary but also a natural wonder that shapes the environment, economy, and culture of the surrounding areas. The high tides of the Bay of Fundy are a testament to the powerful interplay between the Earth, Moon, and Sun, as well as the unique geographical characteristics of the region.

The province shares a land border with Quebec to the north, at Chaleur Bay and the Restigouche River

New Brunswick is one of Canada's thirteen provinces and territories and is bordered by Quebec to the north. The province shares a land border with Quebec at Chaleur Bay and the Restigouche River. This border is within Quebec's Gaspé Peninsula.

Chaleur Bay is located in the east of Canada, in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. The bay is a popular tourist destination, known for its beautiful scenery and sandy beaches. It is also a significant location in Canadian history, as it was the site of the first documented European exploration of New Brunswick in 1534, led by Jacques Cartier.

The Restigouche River flows into Chaleur Bay and forms part of the border between New Brunswick and Quebec. The river has a long history, dating back to the early 1600s when it was used for fur trading by the French and the Mi'kmaq First Nation.

In the past, there has been a boundary dispute between New Brunswick and Quebec, which was eventually resolved through arbitration in 1851. The resolution of this dispute led to the establishment of the current boundary demarcations between the two provinces.

New Brunswick and Quebec continue to have a close relationship, with some border communities relying on each other for essential services. For example, during the COVID-19 pandemic, residents of the Listuguj First Nation and Pointe-a-la-Croix in Quebec were allowed to make day trips into New Brunswick for essential reasons, such as medical appointments and work.

The border between New Brunswick and Quebec is easily accessible, with multiple land border crossings. These include the Edmundston-Madawaska Bridge, the St Leonard-Van Buren Bridge, and the Hamlin/Grand Falls border crossing. These border crossings facilitate trade and travel between the two provinces, contributing to the economic and social development of the region.

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