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Australia is surrounded by thousands of islands, with 8,222 islands within its maritime borders. These islands offer a range of experiences, from the pristine beaches and coral reefs of the Whitsundays to the unique geological features of Macquarie Island. Some islands, like Rottnest Island, are known for their wildlife, while others, like Lord Howe Island, provide a secluded getaway. Australia's islands also include the world's largest sand island, Fraser Island, and cultural destinations like the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. With such a diverse array of options, exploring Australia's islands promises an unforgettable journey.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Number of islands within maritime borders | 8,222 |
| Largest sand island | Fraser Island |
| Island with unique geological features | Macquarie Island |
| Island with the most beautiful natural surroundings | Whitsundays |
| Island with the best diving spots | Cocos (Keeling) Islands |
| Island with the most beautiful Australian islands | Rottnest Island |
| Island with the most unique wildlife | Kangaroo Island |
| Island with the best views | Lizard Island |
| Island with the best spots for Instagram photos | Magnetic Island |
| Island with the most amazing spots for photos | Phillip Island |
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What You'll Learn
Tasmania, the largest island
Tasmania is the largest island in Australia, with a landmass of 68,401 square kilometres (26,410 square miles). It is located 240 kilometres (150 miles) south of mainland Australia, separated by the Bass Strait. Tasmania is Australia's smallest state by area and least populous, with 557,571 residents as of 2021. The state capital and largest city is Hobart, with around 40% of the population living in the Greater Hobart area. Tasmania has the world's largest areas of dolerite, with distinctive mountains and cliffs formed from this rock type. The island is also home to the Southwest National Park, which contains some of the last temperate rainforests in the Southern Hemisphere. Tasmania has two major river systems, the Derwent in the southeast and the South Esk in the northeast, and the Central Plateau is studded with over 4,000 lakes. The island enjoys a mild and moist climate, with rain throughout the year, and is known for its fertile soil and agricultural land.
Tasmania has a rich history, with Aboriginal Tasmanians having inhabited the island for at least 35,000 years, making their culture one of the oldest in the world. The island was originally known as 'lutruwita' by its Aboriginal inhabitants and was later renamed ''Van Diemen’s Land' by European explorers. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, the Tasmanian economy was largely driven by mining and hydroelectric power production, and the state was an early adopter of electric street lighting. Today, Tasmania is known for its whisky and seafood, particularly salmon, and the state has a growing tourism industry, with visitors attracted by its rugged landscape, national parks, and historic towns.
Tasmania has a diverse and unique environment, with extensive plains in the northwest and northeast, and a mountainous region in the Central Highlands. The island is home to Mount Ossa, Tasmania's tallest mountain, reaching 5,305 feet (1,617 metres). The landscape is characterised by northwest-southeast ridges and valleys in the west and a flat, agricultural Midlands region in the central east. Tasmania also boasts some of the most spectacular mountain, lake, and coastal scenery in the country, with areas such as Dove Lake and Cradle Mountain-Lake St. Clair National Park protected as UNESCO World Heritage sites.
Tasmania has a decentralised population, with the lowest proportion of residents living in its capital city compared to other Australian states. However, its proximity to Melbourne and accessibility by air travel make Tasmania less isolated than often assumed. The island has a rich natural environment, with over 40% of its land protected as wilderness, national parks, or reserves, and it is known for its diverse wildlife, including the iconic Tasmanian devil. Tasmania also produces a significant portion of Australia's hydroelectric power and has a variety of natural resources.
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World Heritage-listed Great Barrier Reef islands
Australia is home to thousands of islands, including the World Heritage-listed Great Barrier Reef islands. The Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area was recognised in 1981 due to its 'outstanding universal value', encompassing both marine areas and the Great Barrier Reef islands within its boundary. It is one of 49 marine World Heritage areas, spanning 348,000 square kilometres and containing over 3,000 coral reefs and 1,050 islands and cays.
The Great Barrier Reef islands boast breathtaking natural beauty, warm clear waters, and a vast biodiversity that attracts visitors worldwide. The Whitsundays, a collection of 74 islands, stand out for their pristine white sands and luxurious resorts. Hamilton Island, Daydream Island, and Long Island offer indulgent getaways, while the region's accessibility from Cairns makes it a popular choice for scuba divers exploring the underwater paradise.
Lizard Island, nestled within the Great Barrier Reef's blue waters, is a haven for ocean enthusiasts and relaxation seekers. Visitors can snorkel at renowned dive sites like Cod Hole, encountering grey reef sharks and colourful schools of tropical fish. A 4-kilometre hike to Cook's Look reveals jaw-dropping views, providing a different perspective on this natural wonder.
The Great Barrier Reef's diversity extends beyond its natural wonders, with strong cultural significance to the Aboriginal Australian and Torres Strait Islander peoples, who have long known and utilised this marine environment. The reef's intricate ecosystems comprise a range of habitats and thousands of species, each contributing uniquely to the overall health and functioning of this complex natural system.
Despite its resilience, the Great Barrier Reef faces challenges. While the World Heritage Area remains whole and intact, some components underpinning its natural heritage criteria have deteriorated. The Australian and Queensland governments have committed significant funding to the National Environmental Science Program, aiming to address threats and transition communities and industries towards more sustainable practices. These efforts are vital to preserving the Great Barrier Reef's World Heritage-listed islands for future generations to explore and cherish.
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Islands near Perth
Perth, Western Australia, is home to a variety of biologically diverse habitats found nowhere else on Earth. Many of these habitats include islands, which provide a safe haven for endangered native fauna, free from invasive species and human development. The coastal islands in the Perth metropolitan region are predominantly made of limestone, while the inland islands are largely composed of serpentine soil.
Some of the inland islands in the Perth metropolitan region are located in the Swan River, Canning River, and Beeliar Wetlands. One such island is Penguin Island, which is home to a colony of little penguins on the west coast. It is one of Western Australia's most accessible islands, located just a short drive south of Perth and a five-minute ferry ride out to sea. It is also one of the best places in the state to see native wildlife, both in the waters of the Shoalwater Islands Marine Park and on land. On Penguin Island, you can spot wild dolphins, sea lions, pelicans, and the world's smallest penguins.
Another island near Perth is Rottnest Island, or "Rotto" to locals. It is located just a short ferry ride from Perth and offers clear blue waters, rocky cliffs, and friendly wildlife. Rottnest Island is known for its quokkas, pint-sized marsupials recognised as the "world's happiest animal". With 63 beaches and 20 bays, visitors can explore the island by bike or on foot.
For those seeking a tropical escape, the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, a short flight from Perth, offer dazzling white-sand beaches and world-class diving across 27 islands. Divers can explore coral reefs and shipwrecks, while historians can learn about the local Cocos Malay people through guided tours.
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Islands near Melbourne
Melbourne is home to some of Australia's most beautiful rivers, a stunning bay, lakes, and islands. The best time to visit Melbourne is during spring (September to November) and autumn (March to May). During these months, the weather is extremely pleasant, making it ideal for outdoor activities such as barbeques, picnics, and exploring the city and nearby islands. Here are some of the most famous and beautiful islands near Melbourne:
Phillip Island
Phillip Island is one of the most popular islands near Melbourne. It is located just 75 kilometres from the city and is easily accessible by car, bus, or helicopter. Phillip Island offers a peaceful escape with stunning coastlines, idyllic beaches, unique wildlife, and family-fun activities. It is home to the Little Penguins and is a popular destination for stargazing, with its dark, open skies undisturbed by city lights. The island also features a famous motorcycle and car racing track for thrill-seekers.
Chinaman Island
Chinaman Island is located in the Western Port of Victoria, just 4 kilometres north of French Island. It is a perfect destination for tourists and locals looking for water activities, scenic walks, and breathtaking sunsets and sunrises. Summerland Beach, located on the island, is a famous spot to catch the penguin parades and witness the local penguin population.
Herring Island
Herring Island is a small island, spanning only 8 acres, that was created in 1928 by cutting a small channel through a query. It is a perfect getaway for bird watchers, art enthusiasts, and those who enjoy exploring the sights and sounds of the island.
Churchill Island
Churchill Island is another island near Melbourne that offers a unique experience. While there is limited information available, a review mentions a pleasant walk and thrilling experiences with wildlife.
Gabo Island
Gabo Island is praised by visitors for its fantastic wildlife and lighthouse. It is accessible from Melbourne and offers a nice walk and a thrilling trip.
Melbourne and its surrounding islands offer a range of experiences for visitors, from scenic natural beauty to exciting outdoor activities and cultural attractions. These islands showcase the diverse and captivating landscapes of Australia, making them popular destinations for locals and tourists alike.
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Islands with unique wildlife
Australia has 8,222 islands within its maritime borders, and many of these are home to unique wildlife.
Rottnest Island
Located off the coast of Perth, Rottnest Island is a sanctuary for nature and animal lovers. The island is known for its clear blue waters, rocky cliffs, and friendly wildlife. It is home to quokkas, pint-sized marsupials known for their friendly nature and constant smile.
The Whitsundays
The Whitsundays are a group of 74 islands in the Great Barrier Reef, boasting some of Australia's most beautiful natural surroundings. Hamilton Island, Daydream Island, and Long Island are popular destinations for those seeking a luxurious tropical escape.
Tasmania
Tasmania, Australia's largest island, is a nature lover's paradise. About a third of the island is a national park or UNESCO World Heritage wilderness, providing habitats for a rich diversity of wildlife. Its unique landscapes include ancient rainforests, rugged mountains, and pristine coastlines. Tasmania is home to endemic species such as 12 native bird species, marsupials like quolls and wombats, and marine life such as Australian Fur Seals and Little Penguins.
Kangaroo Island
Kangaroo Island, Australia's third-largest island, is known for its diverse habitats and unique wildlife. The island supports many iconic Australian species, including koalas, kangaroos, tammar wallabies, short-beaked echidnas, and Australian sea lions. Separated from mainland Australia 10,000 years ago, the island is free of invasive species, offering a haven for native wildlife, including over 260 bird species.
Macquarie Island
Macquarie Island was nominated by the Australian Government for inscription on the World Heritage Register due to its unique geological features. The island is the exposed crest of the undersea Macquarie Ridge, where the Indo-Australian tectonic plate meets the Pacific plate. It is the only place on Earth where rocks from the Earth's mantle are exposed above sea level.
The Tiwi Islands
Located 100 km north of Darwin, the Tiwi Islands offer a unique blend of local Aboriginal culture, art, and natural beauty. Visitors can experience traditional smoking ceremonies, explore the island with a Traditional Custodian, and enjoy activities like sport fishing and Australian Rules Football.
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