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Queensland is a state in northeastern Australia, occupying the wettest and most tropical part of the continent. It is the second-largest and third-most populous state in Australia. Queensland is known as the 'Sunshine State and has a population of over 5.5 million, with most of its residents concentrated in South East Queensland. The state's capital, Brisbane, is Australia's third-largest city. Queensland is bordered by the Northern Territory, South Australia, and New South Wales to the west, southwest, and south, respectively. It is bordered by the Coral Sea and the Pacific Ocean to the east and the Torres Strait and the Gulf of Carpentaria to the north and northwest, respectively.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Is Queensland a country? | No, Queensland is a state in Australia |
| Area | 668,207 square miles (1,730,648 square km) or 1,723,030 square kilometres (665,270 sq mi) |
| Population | 5,156,138 (2021) or over 5.5 million |
| Capital | Brisbane |
| Number of cities | Ten of Australia's thirty largest cities are located in Queensland |
| Indigenous inhabitants | Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders |
| Colonised by | Arthur Phillip in 1788 as part of the colony of New South Wales |
| Became a separate colony | 1859 |
| Became part of Australia | 1901 |
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What You'll Learn
Queensland is a state in Australia, not a country
Queensland has a population of over 5.5 million, with nearly three-quarters of its residents living in South East Queensland. The capital of Queensland is Brisbane, which is also Australia's third-largest city. Ten of Australia's thirty largest cities are located in Queensland, including the Gold Coast, the Sunshine Coast, Townsville, Cairns, Ipswich, and Toowoomba. The state has a diverse range of geographical features and climates due to its size, including tropical rainforests, rivers, coral reefs, mountain ranges, and white sandy beaches in its tropical and subtropical coastal regions.
Queensland has a significant indigenous history, with Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders as its first inhabitants. The state also played a crucial role in the Australian frontier wars of the 19th century, during which tens of thousands of Aboriginal people were killed by colonists. On June 6, 1859, Queen Victoria established Queensland as a separate colony from New South Wales, making it a self-governing Crown colony. Queensland became one of the six founding states of Australia when the country achieved Federation on January 1, 1901.
As a state within Australia, Queensland is subject to the federal government of the Commonwealth of Australia. It has its own constitution and state government, which exercises a limited degree of sovereignty. Queensland is a popular tourist destination, known as the "Sunshine State" for its sunny weather and attractive natural features, including the Great Barrier Reef, the Daintree Rainforest, and the Whitsunday Islands.
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Queensland is the second-largest state in Australia
Queensland is a state in northeastern Australia and is the second-largest and third-most populous state in the country. It occupies nearly one-fourth of the continent and is more than twice the size of the US state of Texas and seven times larger than the United Kingdom. Queensland is bordered by the Northern Territory, South Australia, and New South Wales to the west, southwest, and south, respectively. To the east, Queensland is bordered by the Coral Sea and the Pacific Ocean. The state's capital, Brisbane, is Australia's third-largest city and home to half of Queensland's population.
Queensland has a population of over 5.5 million, with most people concentrated in the southeast region. The state has the highest inter-state net migration in Australia. Queensland experiences tropical and subtropical climatic conditions with high summer temperatures and mild, sunny winters. The interior experiences the most prolonged summer heat, while the southern interior and highlands have cooler winters, with frost and, rarely, snowfall.
Queensland's geographical features and climates are diverse due to its size. It includes tropical rainforests, rivers, coral reefs, mountain ranges, and white sandy beaches in its tropical and subtropical coastal regions. The state also boasts the World Heritage-listed Great Barrier Reef, the ancient Daintree Rainforest, and the beautiful Whitsunday Islands. Queensland's inland regions feature deserts and savanna, with the Gulf Country in the state's northwest dominated by savanna and mining.
Queensland was first inhabited by Aboriginal Australians, and Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon was the first European to explore its west coast in 1606. In 1770, James Cook claimed the east coast of Australia for the Kingdom of Great Britain. On June 6, 1859, or Queensland Day, Queen Victoria established Queensland as a separate colony from New South Wales, making it a self-governing Crown colony. Queensland became one of the founding states of Australia when the federation was established on January 1, 1901.
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Queensland is home to Brisbane, Australia's third-largest city
Queensland is a state in northeastern Australia. It is the second-largest and third-most populous state in Australia, with a population of over 5.5 million. It is bordered by the Northern Territory, South Australia, and New South Wales to the west, southwest, and south, respectively. Queensland is also bordered by the Coral Sea and the Pacific Ocean to the east and the Torres Strait and the Gulf of Carpentaria to the north and northwest, respectively.
Brisbane has a thriving sports culture and is set to host the 2032 Summer Olympics. The city boasts several major stadiums and sporting venues, including The Gabba, Lang Park, Ballymore Stadium, the Queensland Sport and Athletics Centre, and the State Tennis Centre. Brisbane is also home to numerous golf courses, with the largest being the Indooroopilly Golf Club.
The city is a hub for education, with several major universities, including the University of Queensland, Griffith University, and the Queensland University of Technology. International education is an important industry in Brisbane, attracting many international students, particularly from Asia.
Brisbane is a popular tourist destination, known for its sunny climate and attractions such as the Brisbane River, the Brisbane Skytower, and the nearby Moreton Bay and its islands. The city has a well-developed transport system, including rail, bus, and ferry networks, making it easily accessible for visitors.
With its diverse attractions, vibrant culture, and convenient transportation options, Brisbane, Queensland, is a must-visit destination when exploring Australia.
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Queensland is known as the 'Sunshine State'
Queensland is a state in northeastern Australia and is the second-largest and third-most populous state in the country. It is known as the "Sunshine State" due to its tropical and subtropical climates, as well as its abundance of natural attractions, including the Great Barrier Reef, ancient tropical rainforests, coral reefs, mountain ranges, and white sandy beaches. Queensland's capital, Brisbane, is Australia's third-largest city and a popular tourist destination, offering outdoor activities, cultural experiences, and a vibrant urban environment.
The state's diverse landscapes and climates range from tropical rainforests and coral reefs along the coastline to deserts and savanna in the interior regions. Queensland experiences high summer temperatures, with mild and sunny winters, providing a pleasant climate for outdoor activities and water sports.
The Sunshine State's natural wonders extend beyond its coastline and beaches. The ancient Daintree Rainforest, located in the state, is a World Heritage site, renowned for its biodiversity and pristine natural beauty. The Whitsunday Islands, with their picturesque scenery, are another highlight of Queensland's natural offerings.
Queensland's tourism industry is a significant contributor to its economy, attracting millions of interstate and international visitors each year. The state's natural attractions, such as the Great Barrier Reef, provide numerous opportunities for snorkelling, diving, and exploring the diverse marine life. The state also boasts vibrant communities, such as the laid-back town of Port Douglas, known for its pristine beaches, fine dining, and upscale shopping experiences.
In addition to its natural attractions, Queensland offers a range of cultural and urban experiences. Brisbane, the state's capital, is a cosmopolitan city with a thriving arts scene, museums, galleries, and a diverse culinary landscape. The South Bank neighbourhood, situated on waterfront property, is a cultural hub, featuring outdoor markets, cafes, restaurants, and walkways.
Queensland, the Sunshine State, thus offers a diverse range of experiences, from its stunning natural landscapes and beaches to its vibrant cities and cultural offerings, making it a popular destination for travellers seeking sun, nature, and cultural exploration.
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Queensland was explored and colonised by Europeans in the 19th century
Queensland is a state in northeastern Australia and is the second-largest and third-most populous state in the country. Queensland was first inhabited by Aboriginal Australians, with the Torres Strait Islands inhabited by Torres Strait Islanders.
In the 19th century, Queensland was explored and colonized by Europeans. The Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon was the first European to land in Australia, exploring the west coast of the Cape York Peninsula in 1606. In 1770, Lieutenant James Cook claimed the east coast of Australia for the Kingdom of Great Britain. In 1788, Arthur Phillip founded the colony of New South Wales, which included all of what is now Queensland. Queensland was explored in subsequent decades, and the Moreton Bay Penal Settlement was established at Brisbane in 1824 by John Oxley.
During the 19th century, there was a significant amount of conflict between Aboriginal Australians and European settlers in Queensland. This period, known as the Australian frontier wars, resulted in the deaths of tens of thousands of Aboriginal people as colonists consolidated their control over the territory. It is estimated that over 1,500 European settlers and their allies died in these skirmishes, while the number of Aboriginal casualties is likely to have exceeded 30,000.
In the latter half of the 19th century, Queensland experienced a series of small gold rushes, which brought an influx of people into the state, including Chinese settlers. This period also saw the growth of several industries, particularly sugar production, and by 1888 sugar plantations had reached as far north as Cairns. The construction of sea ports and railways along Queensland's coast during this century laid the foundation for the state's export-oriented mining and agricultural sectors.
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