The Capitalization Conundrum: Heller In Austria's Monetary History

is heller capitalized austria

The Heller, abbreviation hlr, was a coin issued in Switzerland and states of the Holy Roman Empire, surviving in some European countries until the 20th century. It was also the term used in the Austrian half of the Austro-Hungarian Empire for 1/100 of the Austro-Hungarian krone. Given this, the question arises: is Heller capitalized in Austria?

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The Heller was a coin issued in Switzerland and the Holy Roman Empire

The Heller, abbreviation hlr, was a coin issued in Switzerland and the states of the Holy Roman Empire. It was originally valued at half a pfennig and first recorded in 1200 or 1208, or as early as 1189 according to Reiner Hausherr. The name Heller came from the city of Hall am Kocher (now Schwäbisch Hall). The Heller was gradually debased and was no longer considered a silver coin. In the Middle Ages, it became a symbol of low worth, giving rise to the German idiom "keinen (roten) Heller wert", meaning "not worth a (red) Heller" or "not worth a red cent".

In Swabia, the Heller initially corresponded to the Pfennig, with 240 Heller in a Carolingian pound. However, an imperial edict of 1385 halved the value of the Heller, resulting in 8 Hellers being equal to 4 Pfennigs or 1 Kreuzer. Due to their low value and non-standard quality, it was common during the High and Late Middle Ages to weigh large amounts of Hellers and transact business based on their total weight. This often resulted in purchase amounts in "pound hellers", which did not necessarily match the Carolingian pound of 240 hellers.

The Heller was also a unit of weight, equal to 1/512 of a Mark. In the late Middle Ages, the Haller was the lowest denomination coin in the Swiss Confederation, equal to half a pfennig. From the 1320s, the first South German Haller appeared in northern Switzerland, replacing the production of small, one-sided pfennigs, which became known as haller. The Haller established itself as a basic unit in the city-state of Zurich and the princely Abbey of St. Gallen from 1370 onwards.

The Heller was issued in various states of the Holy Roman Empire, including Bohemia, Upper Lusatia, Saxony, and Hesse. In Bohemia, the cities of Bautzen and Görlitz had the right to mint coins, and they did so alternately every year in the 15th century. The Görlitz Heller, or Katterfinken, was a coin whose silver content decreased over time. Around 1490, the House of Wettin's silver pfennig currency was 24 hellers to 12 pfennigs.

In the 19th century, the Heller was replaced in the German states by the Mark and pfennig under Bismarck's administration. However, the Heller was resurrected in German East Africa in 1904, introduced as 1/100 of a rupie. In the 1920s, the Heller currency was expanded to greater denominations, and coins of 1/2, 1, 5, 10, and 20 hellers were minted.

In Austria-Hungary, the Heller was used in the Austrian half of the empire to refer to 1/100 of the Austro-Hungarian krone, while the Hungarian half used the term fillér. After World War II, the Heller survived in Czechoslovakia and Hungary. The term Heller was also used for a coin valued at 1/100 of a koruna in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and former Czechoslovakia.

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The Heller was valued at half a pfennig

The Heller, abbreviated as HLR, was a coin valued at half a pfennig. It was issued in Switzerland and the states of the Holy Roman Empire, surviving in some European countries until the 20th century. The coin was first recorded in 1200 or 1208, or possibly as early as 1189. The Heller was originally a silver coin, but its composition deteriorated over time with the mixing of copper, so that it was no longer considered to be made of silver.

The Heller was also a unit of weight, equal to 1/512 of a Mark. In the late Middle Ages, the Haller, the lowest denomination coin in the area of the Swiss Confederation, was equal to half a pfennig. The term Heller came into wide use as a name for coins of small value throughout many German states until 1873 when, after German unification, Bismarck's administration introduced the Mark and the pfennig as the standard currency throughout the German Empire.

The Heller was also used as a form of emergency paper money, or Notgeld, in Germany, Austria, and Liechtenstein during the interwar period. These banknotes were denominated in hellers but did not hold much intrinsic monetary value.

In Austria-Hungary, the Heller was the term used in the Austrian half of the empire for 1/100 of the Austro-Hungarian krone, the standard currency from 1892 until the demise of the Empire in 1918.

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The coin was first recorded in the 13th century

The Heller, a coin originally valued at half a pfennig, was issued in Switzerland and states of the Holy Roman Empire. Mints produced the coin from the beginning of the 13th century, with the first Heller recorded in 1200 or 1208, or as early as 1189 according to Reiner Hausherr.

The coin was made of silver, with red, white, and black varieties, and was named after the city of Hall am Kocher (now Schwäbisch Hall). The Heller took its design from the Häller Pfennig, or Händelheller, a silver pfennig with a hand stamped on the front face. Over time, the composition of the Heller deteriorated with the mixing of copper, and it was no longer considered a silver coin.

The Heller became a symbol of low worth in the Middle Ages, and the German saying "keinen (roten) Heller wert", meaning "not worth a (red) Heller" or "not worth a red cent", emerged. The coin's low value also led to the common practice of weighing large amounts of Hellers to determine their total weight, rather than counting individual coins. This often resulted in purchase amounts being referred to in "pound hellers", which did not necessarily correspond to the standard Carolingian pound of 240 hellers.

The term "Heller" came into widespread use as a name for coins of small value in various German states until 1873. After German unification, Bismarck's administration introduced the Mark and the pfennig as the standard currency throughout the German Empire, replacing the Heller.

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The Heller was also the name for 1/100 of the Austro-Hungarian krone

The Heller was a coin issued in Switzerland and states of the Holy Roman Empire, surviving in some European countries until the 20th century. The term Heller was also used for a coin valued at 1/100 of a Koruna (Crown) in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, as well as in former Czechoslovakia.

In Austria-Hungary, the Heller was the term used for 1/100 of the Austro-Hungarian Krone in the Austrian half of the empire. The currency was adopted in 1892, replacing the Gulden as part of the adoption of the gold standard. The Heller was also called the Fillér in the Hungarian half of the empire. The Krone was the official currency of Austria-Hungary from 1892 until the dissolution of the empire in 1918.

The Austro-Hungarian Krone was introduced according to a plan drawn up by the Hungarian Minister of Finance, Sándor Wekerle. The currency consisted of 100 Heller (in Austria) or Fillér (in Hungary). The value of the Krone was set at 2 Kronen = 1 Gulden. The symbol of the currency was the abbreviation K. or sometimes Kr.

The Austrian coins were minted in Vienna and came in face values of 1, 2, 10, and 20 Heller, as well as 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 100 Kronen. The Hungarian coins were minted in Kremnica, Slovakia, and had face values of 1, 2, 10, and 20 Fillér, as well as 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 100 Korona.

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The term Heller is also used for a coin valued at 1/100 of a koruna in the Czech Republic and Slovakia

The Heller, or the Häller/Haller in German, was a coin issued in Switzerland and the states of the Holy Roman Empire. It was originally valued at half a pfennig. The term Heller was also used for a coin valued at 1/100 of a koruna in the Czech Republic and Slovakia.

The Heller was first recorded in 1200 or 1208, or possibly as early as 1189. The coin was produced from the beginning of the 13th century and was made of silver. However, its composition deteriorated over time with the mixing of copper, and it was no longer considered a silver coin. The Heller became a symbol of low worth and was associated with the German idiom "not worth a red cent".

In the Czech Republic and Slovakia, the term Heller (Czech: haléř, Slovak: halier) was used for a coin valued at 1/100 of a koruna (crown). The Czech koruna, or Czech Crown, has been the currency of the Czech Republic since 1993, following the split of Czechoslovakia and the introduction of separate currencies for Bohemia, Moravia, and Slovakia. The Slovak koruna, or Slovak Crown, replaced the Czechoslovak Crown in 1993 and is currently the currency used in Slovakia.

While the Slovak koruna has adopted the Euro, the Czech Republic continues to use hellers, although they are no longer in circulation. The Czech National Bank removed hellers from circulation in 2008 and replaced them with rounding to the next koruna.

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